Fostering Learning with Incremental Scaffolds During Chemical Experimentation: A Study on Junior High School Students Working in Peer-Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirlinda Mustafa ◽  
Anestis Ioannidis ◽  
Laura Ferreira González ◽  
Timo Dabrowski ◽  
Jörg Großschedl
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Solution Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Learning Efficacy

Scaffolds are considered to be a promising method of supporting learning. In this study, we investigated the learning efficacy of scaffolds in an inquiry-based learning scenario. Three tasks posed a question/problem to facilitate inquiry-based learning, and scaffolds offered the answer/solution in multiple steps (so-called incremental scaffolds). The use of the scaffolds was voluntary and students’ learning efficacy was compared with a traditional teaching approach. A total of N = 105 seventh graders participated in the quasi-experimental study. Incremental scaffolds were available to the students in the treatment group. Students in the control group received the same question/problem but could only ask the teacher about the answer/solution. Concept maps were used at pre- and posttest to assess conceptual knowledge acquisition. In-line with our hypothesis, results show that students in the treatment group outperformed controls concerning conceptual knowledge acquisition. Regarding the number of misconceptions students used, there were no differences between the groups. Our study indicates that incremental scaffolds are an appropriate method to provide students with the exact help they really need. Based on our findings, we offer practical implications and recommendations for future research.

Use of Meta-Analysis to Uncover the Critical Issues of Mobile Inquiry-Based Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-746
Author(s):  
Je-Ming Yang ◽  
Yao-Ting Sung ◽  
Kuo-En Chang
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Critical Issues

Using mobile devices to support the process and products of learning activities is a trend in inquiry-based learning, which is culminating in the formation of the subfield of mobile inquiry-based learning (m-IBL). However, even though mobile devices have been widely used in IBL activities in recent years, evaluative evidence for their substantial contributions to IBL is still deficient. Therefore, this study collected and analyzed 40 peer-reviewed journal articles published during 2001 to 2017 involving 3,542 participants and further discovered that m-IBL has produced meaningful improvements for IBL with an overall mean effect size of 0.803, with a 95% confidence interval [0.61, 0.99]. In addition, moderator variables such as control group types, learning outcomes, inquiry types, teaching methods, and domain subjects were related to different effect sizes. Finally, the results of the meta-analysis were discussed along with their implications for future research and practice.

Improving Career Decision Self-Efficacy and STEM Self-Efficacy in High School Girls: Evaluation of an Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia D. Falco ◽  
Jessica J. Summers
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group

This study evaluated whether a career group intervention that incorporates the four sources of self-efficacy and addresses perceived career barriers is effective at improving the career decision self-efficacy and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) self-efficacy for adolescent girls. Of the 88 girls in our study, 42 students were Latina and 46 were White, 40 were freshman, and 48 were sophomores attending the same high school. From this sample, 44 of these girls participated in a 9-week treatment group. Using repeated measures analysis of covariance with ethnicity and grade as covariates, results indicated that, compared with the control group ( n = 44), participants in the treatment group improved significantly on variables of career decision self-efficacy and STEM self-efficacy and increased those gains at 3-month follow-up. The discussion focuses on implications for career counseling, limitations of the study, and future research.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF SOLUBILITY CONCEPTS AMONG FIRST-GRADE HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Stojanovska
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Insight Into

A study was conducted to inspect conceptual understanding of solubility concepts among first-grade students and to identify the potentially present misconceptions. A total of 122 high-school students (15–16 years old) were involved in the study and a solubility concept test was administered in order to get insight into their conceptual knowledge. Students were divided into two groups: control group and an experimental one. Only the experimental group was subjected to a conceptual change intervention program.Descriptive statistics and significance testing were used to analyse and summarize data. Independent-samples t-test was used to test the differences in the scores between the control group and the experimental one and between male and female students involved in the study. For multiple-choice questions, four areas of conceptual understanding have been set: satisfactory conceptual understanding, roughly adequate performance, inadequate performance and quite inadequate performance. Furthermore, the findings revealed six misconceptions present in students’ minds.

scholarly journals Effects of Acupuncture on Cardiac Remodeling in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Patient- and Assessor-Blinded Pilot Trial and Its Implications for Future Research

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Jung Myung Lee ◽  
Seung Min Kathy Lee ◽  
Jungtae Leem ◽  
Jin-Bae Kim ◽  
Jimin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Acupuncture Group ◽  
Af Recurrence

Background and Objectives: In this study, we attempted to determine the effects of acupuncture on cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence rates in patients with AF after electrical cardioversion (EC). Materials and Methods: We randomly assigned 44 patients with persistent AF to an acupuncture group or a sham acupuncture group. An electroacupuncture treatment session was administered once weekly for 12 weeks at four acupuncture points (left PC5, PC6, ST36, and ST37). Results: Among the 44 recruited participants, 16 (treatment group) and 15 (control group) completed the trial. The three-month AF recurrence rate (primary outcome) was not significantly different between the two groups. Following the completion of treatment, patients who had been treated with acupuncture had a significant reduction in left atrial volume index (42.2 ± 13.9 to 36.1 ± 9.7 mL/m2; p = 0.028), whereas no change in atrial size was observed in the sham acupuncture group. No serious adverse events were observed. The AF recurrence rate and cardiac function did not differ significantly between the two groups. At three months, the acupuncture treatment group showed more favorable atrial structural remodeling compared to the sham acupuncture group. Conclusion: In future research on acupuncture in AF management, it is recommended that the inclusion criteria be amended to include only symptomatic AF, that an appropriate control group is designed, and that the acupuncture treatment frequency is increased to several times per week.

Aggression Replacement Training with Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Coleman ◽  
Steven Pfeiffer ◽  
Thomas Oakland
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviorally Disordered ◽  
Aggression Replacement Training ◽  
Criterion Referenced

This study assessed the effects of a 10-week aggression replacement training program with a group of 39 adolescents with behavioral disorders in residential treatment. Two-thirds of the sample had DSM III-R diagnoses of conduct disorder. Assigned to the treatment group were 25 subjects and 14 subjects were assigned to the control group. Subjects were pre- and posttested on four criterion-referenced measures and one behavior incident measure. Personality characteristics of subjects reflecting possible amenability to treatment were also explored. Results indicate that subjects in the treatment group improved over controls only on one measure: knowledge of social skills. Exploratory analyses indicated that skill knowledge increased across the personality dimensions of self-concept, locus of control, and psychopathy. Strategies are presented for maximizing the probability of demonstrating behavioral gains in future research.

scholarly journals Effects of Voki-supported self-practice on high school students’ English speaking performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Diem Nguyen Thi Kieu ◽  
Van Loi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Speaking Performance

Web 2.0 applications with multimedia affordances provide a creative way to expose students to a non-threatening environment for practising English. Motivated by the potentials of this type of application for English speaking instruction, this study aimed to examine the effects of high school learners’ self-practice using an app called Voki on their speaking performance. A quasi-experimental control group design was employed, in which the effect was measured by means of two speaking tests before and after the treatment, and further explored with a semi-structured interview. The results showed the increase in the students’speaking skills and the satisfaction with this Web 2.0 tool for its effectiveness and engagement. Their shyness and nervousness about uttering the target language diminished as their confidence increased. Accordingly, more evidence of the efficacy of Voki on EFL learners’ speaking performance was offered in the study. Future research can investigate learners’ improvement in language proficiency in different skills and contexts and involve larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE ENHANCEMENT OF MATHEMATICAL CONNECTION ABILITY USING ETHNOMATHEMATICS AND THE MOZART EFFECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Dianne Amor Kusuma ◽  
Estiyan Dwipriyoko
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mozart Effect ◽  
Musical Intelligence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mathematical Connection

The background of this study is mathematics learning outcomes of junior high school students in agricultural areas are still low because they are less motivated to learn mathematics, so that is has an impact on their low learning outcomes. This study aims to find the relationship between musical intelligence and the enhancement of mathematical connection ability by applying Ethnomathematics and the Mozart Effect for increasing students’ motivation to learn mathematics. This study used a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design in grade 7 students at SMPN Bojongsoang 1, Kabupaten Bandung. The instruments used were the test of mathematical connection ability, musical intelligence questionnaire, and observation sheets. The results showed that: (1) there were differences in mathematical connection ability of students who received Ethnomathematics and the Mozart Effect learning with students who received direct learning; (2) musical intelligence has a positive impact on the enhancement of students' mathematical connection ability; and (3) students have a positive attitude towards learning with application of Ethnomathematics and the Mozart Effect, and more motivated to learn mathematics. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between musical intelligence and the enhancement of mathematical connection ability, and students are more motivated to learn mathematics. Implication of this research for future research and learning practice is that students' mathematical connection ability can be explored and improved in various ways, one of which is by applying Ethnomathematics and the Mozart Effect in mathematics learning, and can be influenced by many things, one of them is musical intelligence. Therefore, in future research, it would be recommended to study the relationship between musical intelligence and the enhancement of other mathematical abilities using Ethnomathematics and the Mozart Effect.

scholarly journals Temperature Measurement—Inquiry-Based Learning Activities for Third Graders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Žaneta Gerhátová ◽  
Peter Perichta ◽  
Marián Drienovský ◽  
Marián Palcut
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Education Strategy ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Interactive Simulations

The article presents our Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) activities in the project-based Science education of third graders (8–9-year-old pupils) in the Slovak Republic. Individual tasks of project assignment titled “Temperature Measurement” were conceived for “guided inquiry”. We also supported the IBL of pupils by interactive education strategy–Integrated e-Learning (INTe-L). The strategy was built on the role of interactive simulations and experimenting at the knowledge acquisition. The following INTe-L components were used: (a) on-site and remote experiments, (b) interactive simulations and (c) electronic study materials. The research was based the hypothesis that the project-based teaching of the topic “Temperature Measurement” using the IBL activities is significantly more efficient than traditional (instructivist) way of teaching. To verify the hypothesis, we carried out a pedagogical experiment on a sample of 60 respondents. The third graders were divided into two parallel groups: an experimental group (EG, 30 pupils) and control group (CG, 30 pupils). To get a relevant feedback, pre-test and post-test were developed and applied. The results attained in the EG were statistically processed, evaluated, and subsequently compared with those in the CG. The analysis of the results attained by the EG showed that their knowledge acquisition has been increased by 24% compared to CG. We have created a methodology for making simple scientific project assignments with the implementation of all components of the new integrated e-learning education strategy (real and real remote experiment, e-simulation, e-learning material). On a specific example of the topic “Temperature Measurement” in primary education, we have presented the possibility of using a “guided inquiry” in the implementation of individual experimental tasks. We have introduced a form of teamwork that allows to harmonize the teaching requirements with individual learning approach and helps to prepare pupils for planned work and independent knowledge acquisition and problem solving. The study has shown that complex IBL activities can be successfully applied at primary school 3rd grade level already. Our form of education with the wider use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) was attractive for the learners and helped them to develop interdisciplinary relationships. The integrated e-learning has helped third grades to develop a deeper conceptual understanding of temperature and allowed them to prepare presentations to demonstrate their conceptual knowledge. The approach allowed pupils to gain key competencies in Science (discussion and presentation of results). It has also increased the pupils’ interest in Science in general and helped them to understand links between different subjects.

An Evaluation of Ombudsman Primary Prevention Program on Student Drug Abuse

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Regular School ◽  
Group 2

This study is designed to measure the outcome of a drug prevention program entitled Ombudsman. Currently, this program is being disseminated nationwide via the National Diffusion Network (NDN) since its approval as a national model by the U.S. Department of Education. In its replication in Charlotte during fall semester 1979, the Ombudsman program (OP) was offered to students in grades 5–9. One-hundred thirteen students were in the treatment group which had three different subgroups. Seventy-two students were in the control group. Utilizing the “high-risk” Student Attitudinal Inventory (SAI), the following results were obtained: 1. at the conclusion of the OP, a significantly larger proportion of students in the treatment group had favorable attitudes toward their regular school teachers than those in the control group; 2. a significantly larger proportion of students in the treatment group reported more favorable attitudes toward the Ombudsman instructors than did either the treatment or control groups with regard to their own classroom teachers; 3. the OP was more effective among students whose regular classroom teachers have had Ombudsman training than those whose teachers did not have such training; and 4. the OP was more effective among elementary than junior high school students.

Teaching Grammar in Virtual Worlds

2018 ◽  
pp. 477-492
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kruk
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grammar Tests ◽  
Teaching Grammar

The main aims of the chapter are to investigate the use of ActiveWorlds (AW) for teaching the English simple present tense as compared to traditional instruction and to find out the difference between the use of AW and traditional teaching when it comes to individual students. In the theoretical part, issues concerning virtual worlds are highlighted and some germane studies are discussed. The empirical part presents the outcome of the quasi-experimental study. It comprised three lessons and two groups of Polish senior high school students: the experimental group was subjected to instruction in AW and the control group was taught in a traditional way. The data were obtained by means of grammar tests and a post-questionnaire. The results show that both groups benefited from the instruction they received; however, the experimental learners' retention of the said grammar item turned out to be much superior when compared with the controls. In addition, the experimental students expressed more positive opinions on the lessons. Implications and future research directions are also offered.

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