EKATERINBURG MERCHANTS: THE PROBLEM OF SUCCESSION (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

The article analyzes the problem of succession in the ranks of Ekaterinburg’s merchant class and the variants of its solution used in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Succession is considered as a process of capital transfer by Ekaterinburg merchants to their heirs in order to continue the commercial and industrial affairs of the testator. The article discusses the methods of training merchants’ successors, including their use as employees and their inclusion in family companies as partners. Considerable attention is paid to studying the mechanism of inheritance transfer in emergency situations and conflicts that arose during inheritance process. The author explores the cases when the heirs on a female line (widows, daughters) acted as the successors of commercial and industrial affairs, the examples of involvement of sons-in-law in the management of family capital are also given. The article uses documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region (GASO), as well as the periodical press (newspapers “Permskie gubernskie vedomosti”, “Ekaterinburgskaya nedelya” and others). From archival materials, documents from the funds of the Ekaterinburg City Duma and the Ekaterinburg District Court are mainly used. The following conclusions are made. The procedure of transferring the inheritance by Ekaterinburg merchants to their successors was a complex and ambiguous process. Not all Ekaterinburg merchants managed to solve the problem of succession: for this reason, a number of family firms existed only during one generation. At the same time, many representatives of the city merchant class managed to solve the problem of succession by various ways, at least for 2–3 generations. The instability of merchant capital was largely a consequence of state policy, and to a lesser extent, the result of the unresolved problem of succession.

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Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

Issues of Risk Analysis ◽

10.32686/1812-5220-2020-17-2-66-73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 66-73

Author(s):

R. D. Oktyabrskiy

Keyword(s):

Traffic Congestion ◽

Urban Population ◽

Road Network ◽

Residential Development ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Urban Construction ◽

Safety Population ◽

Peace And War ◽

The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

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Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.22389/0016-7126-2018-934-4-46-52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 934 (4) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

A.S. Bruskova ◽

T.I. Levitskaya ◽

D.M. Haydukova

Keyword(s):

Water Levels ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Geoinformation System ◽

Space Images ◽

Geoinformation Systems ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

The Earth ◽

Maximum Water ◽

The City

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.

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In the District Court for the City and County of Philadelphia. Richards' Administrator vs. Davis

The American Law Register (1852-1891) ◽

10.2307/3302193 ◽

1859 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 483

Keyword(s):

District Court ◽

The City

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In the District Court of the United States for the District of Wisconsin. Eli Mygatt & George Mygatt vs. The City of Green Bay

The American Law Register (1852-1891) ◽

10.2307/3302017 ◽

1860 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 271

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

District Court ◽

Green Bay ◽

The City

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High Voltage of the City: The Development of Siberian Historical Urban Studies in the Works of an Irkutsk Historian (to the 70th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor Vadim Shakherov)

Историко-экономические исследования ◽

10.17150/2308-2488.2021.22(4).733-751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 733-751

Author(s):

Natalya Gavrilova ◽

Irina Dameshek ◽

Sofia Kuras

Keyword(s):

Social Activity ◽

State University ◽

Credit System ◽

Research Career ◽

20Th Century History ◽

Merchant Class ◽

History Of ◽

Historical Heritage ◽

The City

The article provides the analysis of the main stages in the research career of the famous historian, urbanist and expert in the history of Siberian entrepreneurship, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V. Shakherov. The evolution of the scholar’s scientific interests is highlighted in the text. The author outlines the main areas of the scientist’s research: studying the role of the city in building economic and socio-cultural environment of Siberia in the period from the 18th to the early 20th century, history of merchant class and entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia, history of banking and credit system of the region, historic and cultural monuments of Siberia. The article presents the analysis of Shakherov’s major works, which reflect his contribution to the development of Siberian studies. Special attention is paid to his scientific, pedagogical and social activity aimed at preserving historical heritage of Irkutsk. The author of the article emphasizes that the research career of V. Shakherov and History Faculty of Irkutsk State University are tightly connected.

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Athens

A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0010 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Clyde E. Fant ◽

Mitchell G. Reddish

Keyword(s):

Roman Empire ◽

Universal Language ◽

The Arts ◽

Mediterranean World ◽

Merchant Class ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

City State ◽

Peasant Farmers ◽

The Hill ◽

The City

In the Mediterranean world, only Rome rivals Athens as a city famed for its antiquities. Ancient travelers came to marvel at its grand temples and civic buildings, just as tourists do today. Wealthy Romans sent their children to Athens to be educated by its philosophers and gain sophistication in the presence of its culture. Democracy, however faltering its first steps, began in this city, and education and the arts flourished in its environment. Even at the height of the Roman Empire, the Western world’s government may have been Roman but its dominant cultural influence was Greek. Latin never spread abroad as a universal language, but Greek did, in its Koine (common) form. By the 4th century B.C.E. this Attic dialect of Plato and the Athenian orators was already in use in countries around the Mediterranean. The monuments of Athens and the treasures of its National Museum still amaze and delight millions of visitors from every nation who come to see this historic cradle of Western culture. A settlement of some significance already existed at Athens in Mycenaean times (1600–1200 B.C.E.). Toward the end of the Dark Ages (1200–750 B.C.E.) the unification of Attica, a territory surrounding Athens of some 1,000 square miles, was accomplished under the Athenians. The resulting city-state was governed by aristocrats constituted as the Council of the Areopagus, named for the hill below the Athenian Acropolis where they commonly met. But only the nobility—defined as the wealthy male landowners—had any vote in the decisions that influenced affairs in the city, a situation increasingly opposed by the rising merchant class and the peasant farmers. The nobles seemed paralyzed by the mounting social tensions, and a class revolution appeared imminent. In 594 B.C.E. the nobles in desperation turned to Solon, also an aristocrat, whom they named as archon (ruler) of the city with virtual dictatorial powers. Solon, however, refused to rule as dictator of the city, instituting instead a series of sweeping reforms that mollified the lower classes without destroying the aristocracy.

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Elimination of the consequences of an emergency situation at a fire and explosion hazardous facility with the presence of flammable liquids

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201914009006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 140 ◽

pp. 09006

Author(s):

Ilya Klochikhin ◽

Fedor Gomazov ◽

Andrey Scherbakov ◽

Ekaterina Chalovskaya ◽

Anastasia Uvarova

Keyword(s):

Emergency Situation ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Production Facility ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Flammable Liquids ◽

Hazardous Production ◽

Fire And Explosion ◽

Mechanisms Of Development ◽

Controlling Actions ◽

The City

The safety of technological processes and order of elimination of the emergency situations arising on fire and explosion hazardous objects with availability of flammable liquids and vapours, the reasons and the mechanism of appearance of an emergency situation is considered. The analysis of process of emergence of an emergency situation on potentially hazardous production facility in Russia and St. Petersburg is made. Mechanisms of development of an emergency on the object containing fire and explosion hazardous and easily flammable liquids at various scenarios of passing of an emergency situation are constructed: floods, ignitions and manifestations of secondary dangerous factors. Priority tasks for carrying out effective and safe mitigation of consequences of the arisen emergency situation are designated. The technology and models elimination of an emergency situation on the object containing fire and explosion hazardous and easily flammable liquids on the example of explosion with the subsequent burning of the gas mixture formed in a consequence of evaporation of oil products in reservoir park of Ruchi oil depot in the city of St. Petersburg is developed. Recommendations for the officials controlling actions for elimination of an emergency situation on this object are developed.

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Emergency scenarios in the Banger polder, Semarang City: a case study to identify different emergency scenarios

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2017.067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 638-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Imam Wahyudi ◽

Rick Heikoop ◽

Henny Pratiwi Adi ◽

Tom Overgaauw ◽

Bram Schipper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Response ◽

High Tide ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Tidal Flooding ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Emergency Response Plan ◽

Response And Recovery ◽

Response Plan ◽

Emergency Scenarios ◽

The City

In Semarang urban coastal areas experience daily flooding from the sea during high tide (tidal flooding). Flourishing residential areas have changed into unhealthy slums with the nuisance of daily flooding in parts of the city. To overcome these problems a polder system was implemented to address the tidal flooding. The Semarang polder system is the first fully operational polder system in a densely populated urban area in Indonesia. This article describes the polder system that prevents flooding in the Eastern part of the city; the Banger polder area. An important element of the polder system is an emergency response plan that prepares for a flood emergency condition. The emergency response plan provides different emergency scenarios and identifies emergency levels and criteria. The management of emergency situations can be divided into four phases, namely mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The research results provide a detailed description of four emergency scenarios with 3 emergency levels for each scenario in the Banger polder area. The scenarios are; pumping stations operational damage, high-intensity rainfall in combination with high tide, failure of levees and dams, and an inflow of water from the west and east side of Polder system area.

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