scholarly journals Prevalence of DSM-IV Major Psychiatric Disorders among North Korean Defectors in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Kyoung Eun Lee ◽  
Carolyn Seungyoun Moon ◽  
Ji Hyun An ◽  
Hyo Chul Lee ◽  
Da Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Specific Disorders

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among North Korean defectors (NKD) settled in South Korea.Methods The study population consisted of 294 North Korean defectors, aged 18 to 64 years settled in South Korea for 3 years or less. Between June 1, 2016 and October 31, 2016, face-to-face interviews were conducted using the North Korean version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (NK-CIDI) to diagnose DSM-IV psychiatric disorders.Results The lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was 62.2% in NKD and 25.0% in the general Korean population. The prevalence of specific disorders in NKD and general Korean population was as follows: 22.3% and 4.9% for major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2% and 1.4% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18.0% and 4.8% for nicotine dependence, and 14.5% and 11.2% for alcohol abuse. The incidence of every single psychiatric disorder varied in each country. For instance, the generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and alcohol use disorder occurred more frequently in North Korea whereas PTSD was more prevalent in other countries.Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among NKD was quite higher than in the general population of South Korea.

scholarly journals Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. McFarlane ◽  
Miranda Van Hooff
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundStudies examining the impact of childhood disaster exposure on the development of adult psychopathology report increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology.AimsTo examine the rates of PTSD and other lifetime DSM–IV disorders in adults exposed to an Australian bushfire disaster as children in 1983 using a matched control sample recruited at the time of the original study.MethodA total of 1011 adults recruited from an original sample of 1531 were assessed 20 years following the fires using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI–2.1).ResultsResults showed only a small direct impact of the fires on adult psychiatric morbidity. A higher proportion of bushfire survivors met criteria for ‘any DSM–IV disorder’ and ‘any anxiety’.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the long-term impact of a prominent trauma in childhood should be assessed in the context of other lifetime trauma in order to provide a more accurate account of PTSD prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: Lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
Carmen Lara ◽  
Patricia Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundNo national data on lifetime prevalence and risk factors for DSM–IV psychiatric disorders are available in Mexico.AimsTo present data on lifetime prevalence and projected lifetime risk, age at onset and demographic correlates of DSM–IV psychiatric disorders assessed in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey.MethodThe survey was based on a multistage area probability sample of non-institutionalised people aged 18–65 years in urban Mexico. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered by lay interviewers.ResultsOf those surveyed, 26.1% had experienced at least one psychiatric disorder in their life and 36.4% of Mexicans will eventually experience one of these disorders. Half of the population who present with a psychiatric disorder do so by the age of 21 and younger cohorts are at greater risk for most disorders.ConclusionsOur results suggest an urgent need to re-evaluate the resources allocated for the detection and treatment of psychiatric illnesses in Mexico.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder according to DSM-IV criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Quintana ◽  
Jair de Jesus Mari ◽  
Wagner Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Miguel Roberto Jorge ◽  
Sergio Baxter Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv

The objective was to study the accuracy of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) DSM-IV diagnosis, using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) as gold standard, and compare the ICD-10 and DSM IV classifications for PTSD. The CIDI was applied by trained lay interviewers and the SCID by a psychologist. The subjects were selected from a community and an outpatient program. A total of 67 subjects completed both assessments. Kappa coefficients for the ICD-10 and the DSM IV compared to the SCID diagnosis were 0.67 and 0.46 respectively. Validity for the DSM IV diagnosis was: sensitivity (51.5%), specificity (94.1%), positive predictive value (9.5%), negative predictive value (66.7%), misclassification rate (26.9%). The CIDI 2.1 demonstrated low validity coefficients for the diagnosis of PTSD using DSM IV criteria when compared to the SCID. The main source of discordance in this study was found to be the high probability of false-negative cases with regards to distress and impairment as well as to avoidance symptoms.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders and other health dimensions among Holocaust survivors 6 decades later

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Sharon ◽  
Itzhak Levav ◽  
Jenny Brodsky ◽  
Annarosa Anat Shemesh ◽  
Robert Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Holocaust Survivor ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Health Related

BackgroundNo previous community-based epidemiological study has explored psychiatric disorders among those who survived the Holocaust.AimsTo examine anxiety and depressive disorders, sleep disturbances, other health problems and use of services among individuals exposed and unexposed to the Holocaust.MethodThe relevant population samples were part of the Israel World Mental Health Survey. The interview schedule included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and other health-related items.ResultsThe Holocaust survivor group had higher lifetime (16.1%; OR = 6.8, 95% CI 1.9–24.2) and 12-month (6.9%; OR = 22.5, 95% CI 2.5–204.8) prevalence rates of anxiety disorders, and more current sleep disturbances (62.4%; OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.4) and emotional distress (P<0.001) than their counterparts, but did not have higher rates of depressive disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionsEarly severe adversity was associated with psychopathological disorder long after the end of the Second World War, but not in all survivors. Age during the Holocaust did not modify the results.

Prevalence, service use, and demographic correlates of 12-month DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Mexico: results from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1773-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ELENA MEDINA-MORA ◽  
GUILHERME BORGES ◽  
CARMEN LARA ◽  
CORINA BENJET ◽  
JERÓNIMO BLANCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. This paper describes the 12-month prevalence, severity and demographic correlates of 16 DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and service utilization in the Mexican urban population aged 18–65 years of age. This is representative of 75% of the national adult population.Method. The sample design was a strict probability selection scheme. The response rate was 76·6%. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was installed on laptops and administered by lay interviewers. An international WHO task force carried out its translation into Spanish.Results. The 12-month prevalence of any disorder was 12·1%. The most common disorders were specific phobia (4·0%), major depressive disorder (3·7%) and alcohol abuse or dependence (2·2%). The 12-month prevalence of very severe disorders was 3·7% of which only 24% used any services. Age was the only variable associated with any 12-month disorder, with the younger more likely to report any disorder. Income was associated with severity, with low and low–average incomes more likely to report a 12-month disorder. Females were more likely to report a mood and anxiety disorder, but less likely to report a substance disorder. The group of separated/widowed/divorced was more likely to report a mood and an impulse-control disorder.Conclusions. The results show that while psychiatric disorders are common in the Mexican population, very severe mental disorders are less common and there is extreme under-utilization of mental health services.

Fear of Crime among Female North Korean Defectors in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2199236
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Tay Hack ◽  
Julak Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Korean Immigrants ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
Smooth Transitions

Although some studies have focused on immigrants’ fear of crime in the United States, it is important to point out that the number of North Korean defectors to South Korea has rapidly increased since the 1990s. Therefore, understanding factors associated with fear of crime for North Korean immigrants, especially female defectors, is important for ensuring their successful transitions into South Korean culture. The present study used existing survey data from a sample of female North Korean defectors to explore factors related to fear of crime. Results indicate that the number of North Korean friends, language proficiency, and patriarchal attitudes toward gender were significant predictors of fear of crime for the North Korean female defectors. Findings are described and discussed as a potential source for policymaking to reduce North Korean immigrants’ acculturative stress and fear of crime and to encourage smooth transitions into new cultures.

Latent Class Analysis of DSM-5 Criteria for Opioid Use Disorders: Results from the Iranian National Survey on Mental Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi ◽  
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
Hojjat Zeraati ◽  
Seyed Abbas Motevalian ◽  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Opioid Users

Background: Assessments of DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria with sample populations of opioid users are limited. This study aimed to determine the number of latent classes in opioid users and assessment of the proposed revisions to the DSM-5 opioid use disorder (OUD) criteria. Methods: Data came from the 2011 Iranian National Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) on 7,886 participants aged 15-64 years living in Iran. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 2.1 in all respondents who indicated using opioids at least 5 times in the previous 12 months (n = 236). Results: A three-class model provided the best fit of all the models tested. Classes showed a spectrum of severity that was compatible with the DSM-5 classification. ‘Legal problems' and ‘desire to cut down' showed poor discrimination between classes. The weighted prevalence of OUD using DSM-5 was 20.7% higher than with DSM-IV. Conclusions: Results support the grouping based on severity of symptoms, combining abuse and dependence into a single diagnosis, omitting legal problems, and addition of craving as a new criterion.

Empirical Investigation of Two Assumptions in the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Sakashita ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine two major assumptions behind the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE): that depression represents a distinct category defined by a valid symptom threshold, and that each depressive symptom contributes equally to the diagnosis. Methods: Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10 641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV diagnoses of MDE and other mental disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.0. Analyses were carried out on the subsample of respondents who endorsed either depressed mood or loss of interest (n =2137). Multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the number and type of symptoms and four independent measures of impairment. Results: The relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the four measures of impairment was purely linear. Three individual symptoms (sleep problems, energy loss, and psychomotor disturbance) were all independent predictors of three of the four measures of impairment. Conclusions: Counting symptoms alone is limited in guiding a clear diagnostic threshold. The differential impact of individual symptoms on impairment suggests that impairment levels may be more accurately estimated by weighting the particular symptoms endorsed.

Bitter Taste of Paradise: North Korean Refugees in South Korea

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Lankov
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Refugees ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
To Come

This article deals with the problems of North Korean defectors currently living in South Korea. In the past, most such defectors came from privileged groups in the North Korean population, and their adjustment to the new environment did not pose a significant problem. However, from the mid-1990s, defectors began to come from the far less privileged groups. They experience serious problems related to jobs, education, crime, and social adjustment. Recent years have seen a dramatic but not always openly stated change in the official South Korean attitude toward defectors: from a policy explicitly aimed at encouraging defection, Seoul has moved to the policy of quietly discouraging it. There are fears that encouraging defection will undermine the policy of peaceful engagement with the North. There is also the perception that refugees are outsiders, not quite adjustable to the conditions of South Korean society and thus a social and budgetary burden.

Patterns of alcohol consumption and psychiatric disorders among Ontario adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Ross ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Gordon Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption, including problem drinking, and psychiatric disorders in the general population. The paper utilizes data on 8,116 adults age 15–64 living in households who were interviewed for the Ontario Health Survey and the Mental Health Supplement. The University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI) was administered by trained lay interviewers to generate lifetime DSM-III-R diagnoses. Unlike previous studies, the results of this study provided no evidence of a U-shaped or J-shaped curve or relationship between alcohol use and mental health. Lifetime abstainers had the lowest risks for all mental disorders examined, while former at-risk drinkers (those who had not had a drink in the previous year but at one time regularly drank more than 12 drinks a week) had the highest risks, even after adjustment for age and gender.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document