scholarly journals Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. McFarlane ◽  
Miranda Van Hooff
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundStudies examining the impact of childhood disaster exposure on the development of adult psychopathology report increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology.AimsTo examine the rates of PTSD and other lifetime DSM–IV disorders in adults exposed to an Australian bushfire disaster as children in 1983 using a matched control sample recruited at the time of the original study.MethodA total of 1011 adults recruited from an original sample of 1531 were assessed 20 years following the fires using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI–2.1).ResultsResults showed only a small direct impact of the fires on adult psychiatric morbidity. A higher proportion of bushfire survivors met criteria for ‘any DSM–IV disorder’ and ‘any anxiety’.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the long-term impact of a prominent trauma in childhood should be assessed in the context of other lifetime trauma in order to provide a more accurate account of PTSD prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of DSM-IV Major Psychiatric Disorders among North Korean Defectors in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Kyoung Eun Lee ◽  
Carolyn Seungyoun Moon ◽  
Ji Hyun An ◽  
Hyo Chul Lee ◽  
Da Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The North ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Specific Disorders

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among North Korean defectors (NKD) settled in South Korea.Methods The study population consisted of 294 North Korean defectors, aged 18 to 64 years settled in South Korea for 3 years or less. Between June 1, 2016 and October 31, 2016, face-to-face interviews were conducted using the North Korean version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (NK-CIDI) to diagnose DSM-IV psychiatric disorders.Results The lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was 62.2% in NKD and 25.0% in the general Korean population. The prevalence of specific disorders in NKD and general Korean population was as follows: 22.3% and 4.9% for major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2% and 1.4% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18.0% and 4.8% for nicotine dependence, and 14.5% and 11.2% for alcohol abuse. The incidence of every single psychiatric disorder varied in each country. For instance, the generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and alcohol use disorder occurred more frequently in North Korea whereas PTSD was more prevalent in other countries.Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among NKD was quite higher than in the general population of South Korea.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder according to DSM-IV criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Quintana ◽  
Jair de Jesus Mari ◽  
Wagner Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Miguel Roberto Jorge ◽  
Sergio Baxter Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv

The objective was to study the accuracy of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) DSM-IV diagnosis, using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) as gold standard, and compare the ICD-10 and DSM IV classifications for PTSD. The CIDI was applied by trained lay interviewers and the SCID by a psychologist. The subjects were selected from a community and an outpatient program. A total of 67 subjects completed both assessments. Kappa coefficients for the ICD-10 and the DSM IV compared to the SCID diagnosis were 0.67 and 0.46 respectively. Validity for the DSM IV diagnosis was: sensitivity (51.5%), specificity (94.1%), positive predictive value (9.5%), negative predictive value (66.7%), misclassification rate (26.9%). The CIDI 2.1 demonstrated low validity coefficients for the diagnosis of PTSD using DSM IV criteria when compared to the SCID. The main source of discordance in this study was found to be the high probability of false-negative cases with regards to distress and impairment as well as to avoidance symptoms.

scholarly journals Previous disorders and depression outcomes in individuals with 12-month major depressive disorder in the World Mental Health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelieke M. Roest ◽  
Ymkje Anna de Vries ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Olatunde O. Ayinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Externalising Disorders ◽  
Days Out Of Role ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterised by a recurrent course and high comorbidity rates. A lifespan perspective may therefore provide important information regarding health outcomes. The aim of the present study is to examine mental disorders that preceded 12-month MDD diagnosis and the impact of these disorders on depression outcomes. Methods Data came from 29 cross-sectional community epidemiological surveys of adults in 27 countries (n = 80 190). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess 12-month MDD and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with onset prior to the respondent's age at interview. Disorders were grouped into depressive distress disorders, non-depressive distress disorders, fear disorders and externalising disorders. Depression outcomes included 12-month suicidality, days out of role and impairment in role functioning. Results Among respondents with 12-month MDD, 94.9% (s.e. = 0.4) had at least one prior disorder (including previous MDD), and 64.6% (s.e. = 0.9) had at least one prior, non-MDD disorder. Previous non-depressive distress, fear and externalising disorders, but not depressive distress disorders, predicted higher impairment (OR = 1.4–1.6) and suicidality (OR = 1.5–2.5), after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Further adjustment for MDD characteristics weakened, but did not eliminate, these associations. Associations were largely driven by current comorbidities, but both remitted and current externalising disorders predicted suicidality among respondents with 12-month MDD. Conclusions These results illustrate the importance of careful psychiatric history taking regarding current anxiety disorders and lifetime externalising disorders in individuals with MDD.

Latent Class Analysis of DSM-5 Criteria for Opioid Use Disorders: Results from the Iranian National Survey on Mental Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi ◽  
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
Hojjat Zeraati ◽  
Seyed Abbas Motevalian ◽  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Opioid Users

Background: Assessments of DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria with sample populations of opioid users are limited. This study aimed to determine the number of latent classes in opioid users and assessment of the proposed revisions to the DSM-5 opioid use disorder (OUD) criteria. Methods: Data came from the 2011 Iranian National Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) on 7,886 participants aged 15-64 years living in Iran. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 2.1 in all respondents who indicated using opioids at least 5 times in the previous 12 months (n = 236). Results: A three-class model provided the best fit of all the models tested. Classes showed a spectrum of severity that was compatible with the DSM-5 classification. ‘Legal problems' and ‘desire to cut down' showed poor discrimination between classes. The weighted prevalence of OUD using DSM-5 was 20.7% higher than with DSM-IV. Conclusions: Results support the grouping based on severity of symptoms, combining abuse and dependence into a single diagnosis, omitting legal problems, and addition of craving as a new criterion.

Empirical Investigation of Two Assumptions in the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Sakashita ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine two major assumptions behind the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE): that depression represents a distinct category defined by a valid symptom threshold, and that each depressive symptom contributes equally to the diagnosis. Methods: Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10 641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV diagnoses of MDE and other mental disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.0. Analyses were carried out on the subsample of respondents who endorsed either depressed mood or loss of interest (n =2137). Multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the number and type of symptoms and four independent measures of impairment. Results: The relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the four measures of impairment was purely linear. Three individual symptoms (sleep problems, energy loss, and psychomotor disturbance) were all independent predictors of three of the four measures of impairment. Conclusions: Counting symptoms alone is limited in guiding a clear diagnostic threshold. The differential impact of individual symptoms on impairment suggests that impairment levels may be more accurately estimated by weighting the particular symptoms endorsed.

Validation of two survey diagnostic interviews among primary care attendees: a comparison of CIS-R and CIDI with SCAN ICD-10 diagnostic categories

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. JORDANOVA ◽  
C. WICKRAMESINGHE ◽  
C. GERADA ◽  
M. PRINCE
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Valid Assessment

Background. The most widely used survey measures in psychiatry, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS-R) have generated estimates of psychiatric morbidity that show considerable variation. Doubts have been raised regarding the validity of these structured lay interviewer assessments. There have been no direct comparisons of the performances of these instruments against a common, established criterion.Method. A total of 105 unselected primary care attendees were each interviewed with CIDI, CIS-R and SCAN in a single sitting with random order of administration. SCAN was administered by a SCAN trained psychiatrist, and CIDI and CIS-R by a public health doctor. Concordance was estimated for all ICD-10 neurotic disorders. We assessed the overall discriminability of the CIS-R morbidity scale using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results. The concordance for CIDI for ICD-10 diagnoses was moderate to excellent (kappa=0·58–0·97). Concordance for CIS-R ranged between poor and moderate (kappa=0·10–0·65). The area under the ROC curve for the CIS-R morbidity scale with respect to any ICD-10 disorder [0·87 (95% CI 0·79–0·95)] indicated good overall discriminability, but poor sensitivity (44%) and high specificity (97%) at the usual CIS-R cut-point of 11/12.Conclusion. Among primary care attendees the CIDI is a highly valid assessment of common mental disorders, and the CIS-R is moderately valid. Previous studies may have underestimated validity. Against the criteria of all ICD-10 diagnoses (including less severe depressive and anxiety disorders) a much lower CIS-R cut-point is required than that which is usually advocated.

Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Wayne Hall
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Police and Military Personnel: Assessment and Treatment Methods from Psychophysiology and Neuroscience—Essential Preliminary Information

Biofeedback ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article presents the clinical approach developed by a Canadian biofeedback practitioner for the assessment and treatment of police and military clients, especially those with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The author conducted a clinical practice for more than 25 years primarily with male police and military clients. He examines the impact on treatment effectiveness of a number of factors, such as how police and military clients differ from civilian populations, the definition of trauma in this population, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition; DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria, the assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder, risks and coping factors, consequences of PTSD, DSM-IV conundrums, epidemiology, and other reactions to traumatic events.

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