scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Chemical Stability of Bathroom Wall Composites Manufactured from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Mixed with Cocoa Hulls Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-755
Author(s):  
Tom Ahmat ◽  
Paul Nestor Djomou Djonga ◽  
Valery Hambate Gomdje ◽  
Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelack
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Weight Proportion

The need to protect our environment by eliminating plastic waste as much as possible and by recycling waste from agricultural residue, has led us to formulate composites based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) loaded with powder from the cocoa shell. The cocoa hulls were prior treated with organosolv process to improve the fiber-matrix interaction. This research is aimed at manufacturing composite wall tiles from recycled PET reinforced with cocoa hull powder (CCP). The composites were manufactured by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The mechanical, physico-chemical properties and the stability to environmental conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the incorporation of cocoa powder at a content of 20-30% in the matrix consisting of PET gave rise to a composite material with good physico-mechanical and chemical properties suitable for use in several sectors. In the construction industry, in particular as wall covering as a replacement for tiles, these x from an economic point of view cost less and compared to clays which consumes enormous amount of energy for the elaboration of ceramics. The study showed that the optimum powder weight proportion for the optimal properties of the composite were achieved at 30% powder weight proportion. The maximum tensile strength of 60.3 MPa, flexural strength of 19.5 MPa, impact strength of 10.3 MPa and water absorption 1.34% were obtained. Water absorption of the tiles increased with the cocoa powder weight. Compare to the ceramic tile this value of water absorption test is in range and show that this composite tile is suitable for use as bathroom tile.

scholarly journals Durability properties of concrete made with polyethylene terepthalate and polypropylene as replacement of fine aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01131
Author(s):  
Suram Raju ◽  
Vegiraju Naresh Kumar Varma ◽  
T. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Good Workability

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) is mostly used materials for making items like water bottles, food containers and many other plastic products in all fields of life. Due to the scarcity of natural aggregates for making concrete, it is required to go for alternative material, this type of plastic is one of the materials for replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. An objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of this recycled PET and PP plastic waste to be used as a building material in manufacturing of concrete which is replaced in fine aggregate. Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene is used in various percentages like 5%, 10%, 15% and also various tests like workability and compressive strength, Sorptivity, water absorption, acid attack and sulphate attack tests are conducted. From the results the PP shows good workability but low compressive strength than PET. From the durability point of view, the concrete made with PET and PP have given better results compared to conventional concrete of M30 grade. In PET and PP concrete, PET resists the acid, sulphate and water over the long period much better than the PP. So, PET can be replaced up to 10% in fine aggregate, whereas PP is allowed up to 5% replacement of fine aggregate.

Composites Manufactured with Recycled Pet and Reinforced with Zinc Particles

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Jessica Osorio-Ramos ◽  
Mario Romero-Romo ◽  
Elizabeth Refugio-García ◽  
Eduardo Terres-Rojo ◽  
Enrique Rocha-Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Grinding Time

Thepresent research analyzes the effect induced through addition of two zinc concentrations to composites based on recycled PET (polyethylene terephthalate), as a polymer matrix. Prior to mechanical assessment, the optimum grinding time was determined, namely, where the smaller particle size was generated (PET–420mm and Zn-5mm), that was 3 h. Subsequently, a comparison was done between two different blends, changing the zinc concentration 10 or 30 wt. %, from which the necessary test specimens for isothermal sintering were prepared and exposed at 256°C for 10, 15 and 20 minutes periods. These preliminary specimens permitted to value, for each zinc concentration, theirdensity, hardness (shore D) and water absorption. The best results were obtained with the samples sintered for the intermediate periods. The flexion and compression toughness were evaluated, where the blend with the higher toughness contained 30 wt. % Zn.

scholarly journals Manufacturing of Bathroom Wall Tile Composites from Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene Reinforced with Pineapple Leaf Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negasi Gebremedhin ◽  
Gideon K. Rotich
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wall Tile ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Weight Proportion ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

Plastic has been a dominant material for packaging in recent years but due to its nonbiodegradability, it is causing environmental pollution. Among the plastics used, low-density polyethylene is used abundantly. These plastics can be removed from the environment by recycling into useful products through reinforcing it with natural textile fibers into composite materials. Natural fiber-based composites are ecofriendly and low cost. This research is aimed at manufacturing composite wall tiles from recycled low-density polyethylene reinforced with pineapple leaf fibers (PALF). The PALF was extracted by the retting process followed by mechanical scratching and treated with 5% NaOH to improve the fiber-matrix interaction. The composites were manufactured by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The effects of fiber length and fiber weight proportion on composite properties were investigated using tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption tests. The study showed that the optimum fiber weight proportion and fiber length for the optimal properties of the composite were achieved at 30% fiber weight proportion and 30 mm fiber length. The maximum tensile strength of 1562 N/mm2, flexural strength of 454.9 N/mm2, and impact strength of 225.2 J/mm2 were obtained. Water absorption of the tiles increased with the increase in both the fiber weight proportion and the fiber length.

scholarly journals Considerations on the importance of the main chemical properties of the soil in agrochemical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Sebastian Muraru ◽  
Vergil Muraru ◽  
Paula Condruz ◽  
Cornelia Muraru Ionel ◽  
Raluca Sfiru
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Soil Nutrition ◽  
Adequate Management

Information on soil nutrition level or soil pollution level can lead to the establishment of some recommendations or a strategic decision-making program for the reference area development. The specific soil analysis is essential both from an economic point of view and from an environmental point of view. To achieve an adequate management of the nutrients into an agricultural field, it is necessary to conduct an agrochemical study at an interval of 3–5 years, in which, the relevant agrochemical indicators for the evaluation of the nutrient supply state must be analysed, to determine fertilizer doses and/or recommended amendments for the expected crops. The agrochemical study must contain the analysis bulletin that provides the following information: pH value, humus and total nitrogen content, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content, C/N ratio (carbon / nitrogen), nitrogen index (NI), as well as the main microelements.

The microstructure of a TiB2/Ti-47 Al composite material

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
O. Popoola ◽  
A.H. Heuer ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diamond Polishing ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The addition of fibres or particles (TiB2, SiC etc.) into TiAl intermetallic alloys could increase their toughness without compromising their good high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. This paper briefly discribes the microstructure developed by a TiAl/TiB2 composite material fabricated with the XD™ process and forged at 960°C.The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared in the usual way (i.e. diamond polishing and argon ion beam thinning) and examined on a JEOL 4000EX for microstucture and on a Philips 400T equipped with a SiLi detector for microanalyses.The matrix was predominantly γ (TiAl with L10 structure) and α2(TisAl with DO 19 structure) phases with various morphologies shown in figure 1.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

The effect of sugar beet fiber addition on the chemical properties of tortilla chips

2012 ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Saadatmandi ◽  
Mohammad Elahi ◽  
Reza Farhoosh ◽  
Mahdi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Tortilla Chips

The incorporation of sugar beet fiber (0–5%) to tortilla chips and the effects on the chemical and sensory properties were studied. Addition of sugar beet fiber (SBF) led to an increasing of water absorption capacity, ash content and darkness while lowering the protein content and oil absorption. Sensory evaluation showed that the overall acceptability of tortilla chips reduces if adding more than 2% SBF.

Bleak Weather for Sun-Shine AG: A Case Study of Impairment of Assets

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Detzen ◽  
Tobias Stork genannt Wersborg ◽  
Henning Zülch
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Instructional Resource

ABSTRACT This case originates from a real-life business situation and illustrates the application of impairment tests in accordance with IFRS and U.S. GAAP. In the first part of the case study, students examine conceptual questions of impairment tests under IFRS and U.S. GAAP with respect to applicable accounting standards, definitions, value concepts, and frequency of application. In addition, the case encourages students to discuss the impairment regime from an economic point of view. The second part of the instructional resource continues to provide instructors with the flexibility of applying U.S. GAAP and/or IFRS when students are asked to test a long-lived asset for impairment and, if necessary, allocate any potential impairment. This latter part demonstrates that impairment tests require professional judgment that students are to exercise in the case.

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