Composites Manufactured with Recycled Pet and Reinforced with Zinc Particles

Thepresent research analyzes the effect induced through addition of two zinc concentrations to composites based on recycled PET (polyethylene terephthalate), as a polymer matrix. Prior to mechanical assessment, the optimum grinding time was determined, namely, where the smaller particle size was generated (PET–420mm and Zn-5mm), that was 3 h. Subsequently, a comparison was done between two different blends, changing the zinc concentration 10 or 30 wt. %, from which the necessary test specimens for isothermal sintering were prepared and exposed at 256°C for 10, 15 and 20 minutes periods. These preliminary specimens permitted to value, for each zinc concentration, theirdensity, hardness (shore D) and water absorption. The best results were obtained with the samples sintered for the intermediate periods. The flexion and compression toughness were evaluated, where the blend with the higher toughness contained 30 wt. % Zn.

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Mechanical Properties and Chemical Stability of Bathroom Wall Composites Manufactured from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Mixed with Cocoa Hulls Powder

Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences ◽

10.30799/jacs.243.21070402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 751-755

Author(s):

Tom Ahmat ◽

Paul Nestor Djomou Djonga ◽

Valery Hambate Gomdje ◽

Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelack

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Point Of View ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Recycled Pet ◽

Economic Point ◽

Cocoa Powder ◽

The Matrix ◽

Weight Proportion

The need to protect our environment by eliminating plastic waste as much as possible and by recycling waste from agricultural residue, has led us to formulate composites based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) loaded with powder from the cocoa shell. The cocoa hulls were prior treated with organosolv process to improve the fiber-matrix interaction. This research is aimed at manufacturing composite wall tiles from recycled PET reinforced with cocoa hull powder (CCP). The composites were manufactured by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The mechanical, physico-chemical properties and the stability to environmental conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the incorporation of cocoa powder at a content of 20-30% in the matrix consisting of PET gave rise to a composite material with good physico-mechanical and chemical properties suitable for use in several sectors. In the construction industry, in particular as wall covering as a replacement for tiles, these x from an economic point of view cost less and compared to clays which consumes enormous amount of energy for the elaboration of ceramics. The study showed that the optimum powder weight proportion for the optimal properties of the composite were achieved at 30% powder weight proportion. The maximum tensile strength of 60.3 MPa, flexural strength of 19.5 MPa, impact strength of 10.3 MPa and water absorption 1.34% were obtained. Water absorption of the tiles increased with the cocoa powder weight. Compare to the ceramic tile this value of water absorption test is in range and show that this composite tile is suitable for use as bathroom tile.

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Preparation of autoxidative water-reducible alkyd resins from waste polyethylene terephthalate

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.202375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 202375

Author(s):

Siming Ouyang ◽

Yuqing Xie ◽

Wangxing Fu ◽

Yongbo Ding ◽

Liang Shen

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Particle Size ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Alkyd Resin ◽

Chemical Resistance ◽

Paint Film ◽

Free Water ◽

Recycled Pet ◽

Alkyd Resins ◽

Waste Polyethylene

In this paper, the waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was glycolysed by trimethylolpropane with zinc acetate as catalyst. The effects of different content glycolysis product of waste PET on the appearance, viscosity, particle size and molecular weight of autoxidative water-reducible alkyd resins and the corresponding film adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, gloss, hardness and chemical resistance were studied. Meanwhile, experimental results were compared with commercial water-reducible alkyd and water-reducible alkyd without the glycolysis product of waste PET. The results show that the maximum concentration of PET in autoxidative water-reducible alkyd resins can reach 8.5 wt%, and the molecular weight, particle size and viscosity of water-reducible alkyd resin do not change much with the increase of PET concentration. The introduction of PET resulted in the viscosity of water-reducible alkyd resins being greater than that of water-reducible alkyd resin without PET; this is mainly because PET contains harder terephthalic acid monomer units. However, the particle size of water-reducible alkyd resins with waste PET is significantly lower than that of the water-reducible alkyd resin without PET; this is due to PET-free water-reducible alkyd resin containing more pentaerythritol with greater steric hindrance. In addition, the hardness of the water-reducible alkyd resin paint film (PET content is 8.5%) reaches 1H, which is higher than the hardness (HB) of the water-reducible alkyd resin paint film without PET and the commercial alkyd resin paint film, while the physical properties and chemical resistance of the former are comparable to those of the latter two kinds of paint films. Therefore, the use of waste PET in water-borne coatings systems not only reduces the cost of coatings, but also opens up a new market for recycled PET, which may contribute a promising method for management of waste PET.

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Mechanical and structural properties of composites made from recycled and virgin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and metal chip or mesh wire

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929906007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 06007

Author(s):

Mircea Aurelian Antoniu Rusu ◽

Sever-Adrian Radu ◽

Catalin Moldovan ◽

Codruta Sarosi ◽

Ionela Amalia Mazilu (Moldovan) ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Sem Images ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Recycled Pet ◽

Plastic Processing ◽

Metal Chip ◽

Intense Research ◽

Properties Of Composites

Although polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a champion of recycling, intense research is being done to find new solutions for using recycled plastic. This study aims to characterize the mechanical andstructural properties (SEM- scanning electron microscopy) of products made from recycled metal swarf or mesh wire with recycled plastic (PET) in comparison with virgin plastic. Samples manufactured from virgin and recycled PET are made by pressing and high temperature. The loss of mechanical properties ofproducts made from recycled plastic is a major drawback that influences their use. SEM images confirm that the dispersion and distribution of the PET phase is not very uniform. By addition of virgin plastic in various compositions with recycled plastic, processing parameters and mechanical properties can be optimized.

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Zinc Deficiency and Edema

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.77.1.132a ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

MICHAEL H. N. GOLDEN ◽

BARBARA E. GOLDEN

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Zinc Deficiency ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Plasma Zinc ◽

Plasma Zinc Concentration ◽

Clear Association ◽

Zinc Concentrations

To the Editor.— Kumar and Anday1 describe three premature infants presenting with edema and hypoproteinemia—the classical signs of kwashiorkor—between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Such cases are not uncommon in developing countries. Kumar and Anday's patients had low plasma zinc concentrations (43, 37, and 42 µg/dL). On this basis the authors claim that edema and hypoproteinemia is a clinical presentation of zinc deficiency not previously reported. We reported2 a clear association between "nutritional" edema and a low plasma zinc concentration in 1979; our subsequent experience has confirmed that edema of this type is always associated with a low plasma zinc concentration, as indeed Kumar and Andays' cases demonstrate.

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Physical Properties Variability of Zinc Powders Obtained by Electrochemical Method

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 316 ◽

pp. 689-693

Author(s):

K.D. Naumov ◽

V.G. Lobanov

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Current Density ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Regulatory Change ◽

Average Particle ◽

Zinc Powders

The aim of this paper is to establish a regulatory change of zinc powders key physicochemical properties with varying electroextraction conditions. It was studied influence zinc concentration, alkali concentration and current density. Quantitative dependencies of zinc powders particle size and specific surface area from mentioned electroextraction parameters are shown. At increasing of zinc concentration, decreasing of NaOH concentration and decreasing of current density of powders particle size growth, correspondingly specific surface area is declined. It is indicated, that electrolytic zinc powders bulk density varies from 0.61 g/cm3 to 0.75 g/cm3 with a decrease of average particle size from 121 μm to 68 μm. In comparison, spherical powders bulk density used in various industries is currently 2.45-2.6 g/cm3. In all experiments, metal zinc content varied in the range of 91.1-92.5%, the rest - ZnO. To a greater extent, this indicator depends on powder washing quality from alkali and storage conditions.

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Effect of Home Grinding on Properties of Brewed Coffee

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v4n1p77 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Christopher Murray ◽

Thamara Laredo

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Distribution Density ◽

Particle Surface ◽

Particle Surface Area ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Caffeine Content ◽

General Recommendation ◽

Grinding Time ◽

Ground Coffee

<p>We present measurements of particle size distribution, density, loss of coffee on brewing and caffeine content in brewed coffee (as measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) as a function of grinding time using a blade-type grinder. In general, there is not a lack of correlation between coffee properties and grinding for grinding times in excess of 42 s, but mass loss on brewing and caffeine content are both increased with grinding times between 0 and 42 s. In addition, we present evidence that this dependence of the composition of brewed coffee on grinding time is a function of increased coffee particle surface area that results from grinding, rather than increased loss of grounds into the brewed beverage or increased percolation time. Finally, we present a general recommendation for determining equivalency between small amounts of finely ground coffee and larger amounts of coarser-ground coffee.</p>

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Production of PBT(polybutylene terephthalate) Oligomer from Recycled PET(polyethylene terephthalate)

Korean Chemical Engineering Research ◽

10.9713/kcer.2016.54.4.437 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 437-442

Author(s):

Minjeong Cho ◽

Jeongin Yang ◽

Seunghyun Noh ◽

Hongjae Joe ◽

Myungwan Han

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽

Recycled Pet

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Diagnostic importance of zinc in the clarification of pleural effusions etiology

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0204385r ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 385-387

Author(s):

Bosko Rankovic ◽

Ruzica Djordjevic

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Pleural Effusion ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Pleural Effusions ◽

Pleural Diseases ◽

Average Value ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Tuberculous Pleurisy ◽

Diagnostic Importance

Concentration of zinc in blood serum and effusion was determined in 104 patients with the pleural effusion of different etiology. The importance of zinc concentration in serum and effusion was analyzed, as well as their relation regarding the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. It was established that the isolated zinc concentrations in serum and pleural effusion could not be used separately either in differing transudates from exudates or in the diagnosis of the pleural diseases. The average value of zinc in the pleural effusion in relation to the serum value in patients with tuberculosis effusion was 1.37, higher than 1 in all patients and was significantly different from the average value of the ratio 0,74 in patients with nonspecific and malignant pleural effusions. The relation of zinc concentration in the effusion and serum higher than 1.0 reliably indicated the presence of tuberculous pleurisy.

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Optimization of nanostructured/nano sized rice husk ash preparation

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3(suppl.).0953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3(Suppl.)) ◽

pp. 0953

Author(s):

Medhat Mostafa ◽

Hamdy Salah ◽

Amro B. Saddek ◽

Nabila Shehata

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Amorphous Silica ◽

Particle Shape ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

Shape Distribution ◽

Disk Mill ◽

Grinding Time

The objective of the study is developing a procedure for production and characterization of rice husk ash (RHA). The effects of rice husk (RH) amount, burning/cooling conditions combined with stirring on producing of RHA with amorphous silica, highest SiO2, lowest loss on ignition (LOI), uniform particle shape distribution and nano structured size have been studied. It is concluded that the best amount is 20 g RH in 125 ml evaporating dish Porcelain with burning for 2 h at temperature 700 °C combined with cooling three times during burning to produce RHA with amorphous silica, SiO2 90.78% and LOI 1.73%. On the other hand, cooling and stirring times affect the variation of nano structured size and particle shape distribution. However, no crystalline phases were found in RHA in all cases. Results proved that the Attritor ball mill was more suitable than vibration disk mill for pulverizing nano structured RHA with 50% of particle size (D50) lower than 45 mm and 99 % of particle size (D99) lower than 144 mm to nanosized RHA with D50 lower than 36 nm and D99 lower than 57 nm by grinding time 8.16 min to every 1 g RHA without changes in morphousity of silica.

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Measurement of Hypozincaemia in Mice: A Sensitive Test for Detection of Pyrogens

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0610445 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 445-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Susan Boobis ◽

Rose E. Hartley

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Zinc Concentration ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Metabolic Inhibitor ◽

Repeated Treatment ◽

Plasma Zinc ◽

Sensitive Test ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Dose Dependent

1. The effect of bacterial pyrogens on plasma zinc concentration in mice was studied as a method of bioassay for these substances. 2. A dose-related depression of plasma zinc concentrations was observed 4 h after intravenous injection of doses of 0.05-500 ng of purified endotoxins of Salmonella abortus equi, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. Responses were dose-dependent and reproducible for each endotoxin in five strains of mice. 3. Tolerance to endotoxin could be induced in mice by injection of doses of 500 ng but was not seen with doses of <5 ng, even after repeated treatment. 4. Dinitrophenol, a metabolic inhibitor, and amphetamine, a metabolic enhancer, did not affect plasma zinc levels, indicating that changes in basal metabolic rate do not affect the outcome of this assay. The effects of pyrogenic materials other than endotoxin on plasma zinc levels were also tested and the results suggest that measurement of hypozincaemia in mice provides the basis for a simple, practical and inexpensive test for endotoxins and other pyrogens.

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