ALTERNATIVE CORN PROCESSING FOR AUR SERUMPUN FARMER GROUP IN SIMPANG VILLAGE, PASAMAN DISTRICT, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

Background: This activity was carried out in order to transfer corn processing technology to become a food product that could increase food product diversification in in Simpang village, Pasaman District, West Sumatera Province. Methodology: Tortilla chips as a derivative of corn were introduced through oral presentations and group discussion forums by the representative team from Andalas University together with “Aur Serumpun” Farmer groups at Simpang village, Pasaman District, West Sumatera Province. Conclusion: Information about corn processing into tortilla chips could be an alternative to multiple the types of products that can be produced by the farmer groups “Aur Serumpun”. Recently, they only produce one type of product, namely raw corn products which are directly sold to the animal feed industry. Although farmers were not very enthusiastic, continuous communication with farmers will increase their awareness of diversifying maize products that can support their economy in the future.

Suction feeding by elephants

Despite having a trunk that weighs over 100 kg, elephants mainly feed on lightweight vegetation. How do elephants manipulate such small items? In this experimental and theoretical investigation, we filmed elephants at Zoo Atlanta showing that they can use suction to grab food, performing a behaviour that was previously thought to be restricted to fishes. We use a mathematical model to show that an elephant’s nostril size and lung capacity enables them to grab items using comparable pressures as the human lung. Ultrasonographic imaging of the elephant sucking viscous fluids show that the elephant’s nostrils dilate up to 30 % in radius, which increases the nasal volume by 64 % . Based on the pressures applied, we estimate that the elephants can inhale at speeds of over 150 m s −1 , nearly 30 times the speed of a human sneeze. These high air speeds enable the elephant to vacuum up piles of rutabaga cubes as well as fragile tortilla chips. We hope these findings inspire further work in suction-based manipulation in both animals and robots.

Effect of Serving Plate Types and Color Cues on Liking and Purchase Intent of Cheese-Flavored Tortilla Chips

Foods’ overall liking (OL) and purchase intent (PI) are influenced by visual inputs, such as color cues and serving plate types. Cheese-flavored tortilla chips (CFTC) from two formulations (A and B) with a noticeable color difference (∆E = 4.81) were placed on different serving plates (plastic, foam, and paper) and presented monadically to N = 83 consumers using a randomized/balanced block design in two sessions. Consumers evaluated likings of overall visual quality, color, crunchiness, saltiness, overall flavor (OF), and OL using a 9-point-hedonic scale, attribute appropriateness on a 3-point-just-about-right (JAR) scale, and PI using a binomial (Yes/No) scale. Color differences between A and B influenced crunchiness and saltiness liking and perception, which together with OF liking and formulation, mainly determined OL of CFTC. Although having similar fracturability (N) and sodium content, formulation A had higher crunchiness and saltiness likings. PI was influenced by crunchiness, saltiness, and OF liking with 37, 49, and 60% increases in PI odds per liking-unit increase, respectively. Plate type had minimal effect on the sensory liking of CFTC. The brighter and less-yellow color of CFTC could positively influence liking of crunchiness and saltiness, which significantly contributed to OL and PI. These findings are useful to understand consumers’ acceptability and perception of foods when varying visual inputs.

FORTIFIKASI IKAN BARAKUDA (Sphyraena jello) DALAM PEMBUATAN TORTILLA CHIPS

Tortilla chips adalah olahan berbahan dasar jagung yang memiliki karakteristik berwarna kuning, renyah, tipis, dan mudah hancur. Tortilla chips mengandug karbohidrat yang tinggi tetapi kandungan proteinnya rendah, untuk meningkatkan kadar protein yang tinggi seperti ikan. Formula tortilla chips dengan ikan Barakuda tidak hanya mempengaruhi kadar protein tetapi juga mempengaruhi sifat kimia dan organoleptik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas tortilla chips yang dibuat dengan fortifikasi daging ikan Barakuda segar dan kukus dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik kimia dan organoleptik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan RAL 2 Faktorial (ikan Barakuda dan konsentrasi) yaitu formula tortilla chips ikan Barakuda dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Variabel pengamatan yaitu kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat by difference, dan sifat organoleptik (kerenyahan, warna, flavor, dan kesukaan/overall). Apabila terjadi pengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan formula tortilla chips berbeda nyata pada kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, dan sifat organoleptik. Sedangkan kadar abu tidak berbeda nyata. Perlakuan formula tortilla chips ikan Barakuda yang terbaik pada perlakuan ikan segar konsentrasi 7,5% yaitu dengan kadar air 3,76%, kadar abu 4,23%, kadar lemak 36,07%, kadar protein 6,83%, skor mutu kerenyahan 4,3 (renyah-sangat renyah), skor mutu flavor 2,5 (sangat sedikit-sedikit flavor ikan), skoring mutu warna 3,8 (sedikit kuning-kuning), dan skor mutu kesukaan 4,1 (suka-sangat suka).

Cricket (Acheta domesticus) protein hydrolysates’ impact on the physicochemical, structural and sensory properties of tortillas and tortilla chips

Consumer interest towards consumption of more sustainable protein sources has led way towards the adoption of insect protein for human food applications. Research shows that insect proteins utilised as food ingredients are more promising to be accepted by Westerners. In this study, cricket protein hydrolysates (CPH) were produced using Alcalase (AL) and Flavourzyme (FL) proteases. The physicochemical and structural properties, as well as the sensory acceptability of corn tortillas formulated with 20% (w/w) CPH were evaluated. CPH-tortillas contained all essential amino acids, including 40% of the daily lysine requirement. In raw corn masa (dough), AL-CPH increased the elastic modulus (G’), indicating cross-linking between polymers, while FL-CPH decreased G’. Tortillas formulated with AL-CPH resulted in matrices with low hardness and extensibility values, while FL-CPH tortillas developed a strong and flexible structure, indicating differences in intermolecular interactions between the AL- and FL-CPH and the tortilla matrix in the cooked tortillas compared to the raw masa. Sensory evaluation results showed acceptability (scores>6.0) towards tortillas chips formulated with 20% CPH. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cricket protein can create peptides with functional characteristics and sensory acceptability for their use as ingredients in food formulation.

INTRODUKSI ALAT PENGERING DAN PRODUK OLAHAN JAGUNG DI NAGARI SIMPANG, KEC. SIMPANG ALAHAN MATI, KAB. PASAMAN

Kecamatan Simpang Alahan Mati merupakan salah datu dari 12 Kecamatan yang ada di Kab. Pasaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Usaha pertanian yang ada di Kecamatan Simpang Alahan Mati adalah pertanian jagung. Kabupaten Pasaman ditetapkan sebagai sentra tanaman jagung, produktifitas tanaman jagung setiap tahunnya semakin meningkat. Hasil panen jagung kebanyakan dijual oleh petani dalam kondisi basah tanpa melalui proses pengeringan meskipun harga jagung kering jauh lebih mahal dari pada jagung basah. Hal ini karena pengeringan jagung dilakukan hanya mengandalkan sinar matahari secara langsung sehingga akan menjadi kendala apabila musim hujan. Oleh karena itu introduksi atau pengenalan penggunaan mesin pengering melalui penyuluhan sangat diperlukan oleh petani. Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang bersifat perishable atau mudah rusak baik karena kerusakan fisik maupun kontaminasi jamur. Selama ini, petani jagung belum mengolah jagung sebagai aneka produk olahan yang memberikan nilai tambah secara ekonomis. Pemanfaatan jagung diharapkan meningkat tidak hanya dijual sebagai bahan baku saja, tetapi dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk pangan yang bernilai ekonomi seperti aneka camilan seperti tortila chips. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu penyuluhan tentang introduksi alat pengering dan pengolahan produk olahan jagung serta praktek pembuatan olahan jagung yaitu tortilla chips. Kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu memberdayakan masyarakat melalui peningkatan pengetahuan pasca panen dan kemampuan dalam pengolahan aneka produk jagung. Kegiatan ini diharapkan berkokontribusi dalam peningkatan pendapatan bagi keluarga dapat melalui unit-unit usaha rumah tangga yang mampu memproduksi produk olahan jagung untuk meningkatkan ekonomi petani jagung. Kata kunci: Jagung kering, Metode pengeringan, Pascapanen, Produk olahan ABSTRACT Simpang Alahan Mati sub-district is one of 12 sub-districts, Pasaman, West Sumatra Province. The existing farming in Simpang Alahan Mati District is corn farming. Pasaman as one of the center of corn plants, the productivity of corn plants increases every year. The corn crop is mostly sold by farmers in wet conditions without going through a drying process even though the price of dry corn is much more expensive than wet corn. This is because corn drying is done only by relying on direct sunlight so that it will become an obstacle when the rainy season. Therefore, the introduction or introduction of the use of drying machines through counseling is needed by farmers. Corn is one of the agricultural commodities that are perishable or easily damaged either due to physical damage or fungal contamination. During this time, corn farmers have not processed corn as a variety of processed products that provide added value economically. Utilization of corn is expected to increase not only as raw material, but can be processed into various food products of economic value such as various snacks such as tortilla chips. The results of this community service activity are counseling about the introduction of dryers and processing of processed corn products and the practice of making corn preparations, namely tortilla chips. This activity is expected to be able to empower the community through increased post-harvest knowledge and ability in processing various corn products. This activity is expected to contribute to increasing income for families through household business units that are able to produce corn processed products to improve the economy of corn farmers. Keywords: Dried corn, Drying method, Post-harvest, Processed product

Pengaruh Penambahan Jenis Tepung dan Perbandingan Kosentrasi Bubur Jagung (Zea Mays L.) dan Ampas Wortel (Daucus Carota L.) terhadap Tortilla Chips Mutu Sensori

Abstrak : Tortilla chips adalah salah satu makanan khas dari Mexico yang berbahan dasar tepung. Tortilla chips memiliki karakteristik tipis dan mudah hancur. Bahan baku utama pembuatan tortilla ialah tapioka dan tepung terigu, sedangkan untuk sumber proteinnya digunakan jagung dan kacang-kacangan. Beberapa macam proses disusun berdasarkan geografis dan sosial ekonomi salah satu contohnya adalah kosentrasi larutan kapur, jenis jagung, lama pemasakan dan temperatur. Wortel jenis sayuran yang menyehatkan untuk tubuh manusia. Wortel mengandung senyawa β-karoten yang dapat menimbulkan kekebalan terhadap penyakit. Pati jagung dapat dikembangkan menjadi produk-produk olahan bagi industri yang menghasilkan tepung meizena, desktrin dan gula jagung. Meizena yang bermutu baik patinya tidak bauk, tidak apek, rasa normal pati, warna putih normal, tidak terdapat benda asing dan potongan serangga dan jenis pati yang lain selain jagung. Mocaf ialah produk tepung dari singkong (Manihot utilisima) yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi asam laktat. Penerimaan konsumen terhadap tortilla chips akan diukur menggunakan uji sensoris hedonik yang terdiri dari 4 uji atribut yaitu warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) dengan faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu : faktor pertama yaitu perbandingan bubur jagung (B) dengan ampas wortel (A) yang terdiri 3 taraf (P) yaitu: 70:30 %, 75:25 %, 80:20 %. Dan faktor kedua yaitu jenis tepung yang digunakan yang terdiri dari tepung mocaf 100% dan meizena 100%.Abstract : Tortilla chips are one of the typical Mexican foods made from flour. Tortilla chips have thin and crumbly characteristics. The main raw materials for making tortillas are tapioca and wheat flour, while corn and beans are used for their protein sources. Several types of processes are arranged geographically and socio-economically. One example is the concentration of slaked lime, the type of corn, the length of cooking time temperature. Carrots are healthy for the human body. Carrots contain β-carotene compounds that good for bodies immunity. Corn starch can be developed into processed products for industries that produce maizene flour, desktrine and corn sugar. Maizena which is of good quality is not stale, not musty, have normal taste of starch, have normal white color, there are no foreign objects and pieces of insects and other types of starch besides corn. Mocaf is a flour product from cassava (Manihot Utilisima) which is produced from lactic acid fermentation. Consumer acceptance of tortilla chips will be measured using a hedonic sensory test consisting of 4 attribute tests, color, aroma, taste and texture. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial consisting of two factors: the first variabel is the ratio of grits (B) with carrot pulp (A) which consists of 3 levels (P): 70:30%, 75: 25%, 80:20%. And the second variabel is the type of flour used which consists of 100% mocaf flour and 100% meizena.