scholarly journals Social Status Reflected in Jane Austen's Emma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Mela Krismawati ◽  
Emil Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Love Relationships ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Love Relationship ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This research discusses the social status of society at Highbury in the era of the 19th century. In this research the writer using the qualitative method to analyze social status that reflected in Jane Austen’s Emma and apply the theory of Swingewood (1972), that is the sociology of literature or the sociological approach. The result of this research that obtained the social status is still upheld by the community as a culture that they must preserve. When choosing a life partner, it is often determined by the background of both parties. If both parties do not have a match in their background then their wedding will not be permanent and happy. Because a person's social status is made the key as a part of a relationship, both in love and marriage. Marriage and love relationships are motivated by social class and work. Meanwhile, based on this culture it leads to the opinion that the upper class is not worthy of having a love relationship with the lower class. Keywords: social status, happy, marriage, and love    

scholarly journals SOCIAL CLASS CONFLICT REFLECTED IN “FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD” NOVEL BY THOMAS HARDY

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Manuela Indriati Siahaan ◽  
Tomi Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Social

This research aimed to analyze social class conflict reflected in novel of Far from the Madding Crowd by Tomas Hardy. This descriptive qualitative research focuses on the social class conflict in England which is reflected in this novel. This study uses a sociological approach and analyzes the distribution of social classes in this novel and the social class conflicts that occur in this novel. The method used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method, namely the author describes, memorizes, and analyzes existing data. Quotations from books in libraries and the internet related to this research. The theory used is the theory of sociology with experts Max Weber and Karl Max.. The theory proposed by Karl Marx is an explicit theory, based on Marx's description of the laws of historical development, capitalism and socialism. Theory of sociology is used to analyze the social class divisions that exist in this novel while Maxisme class theory analyzes the conflicts. The results are have featured three male characters who became the main characters are Mr. Boldwood, Mr. Troy and Mr. Oak coming from three different classes of lower classes, middle classes, and upper classes. The social that happen among of three male character are: First, Bribery are shown conflict between Mr. Boldwood and Mr. Troy are representation to Upper Class and Middle Class. Second, Arrogance are shown conflict between Mr. Boldwood and Mr. Troy are representation to Middle Class and Upper Class. Third, are shown conflict between Mr. Troy and Mr. Oak  are representation to Middle Class and Lower Class.

SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUSES OF THE UKRAINIANS: CHANGES OVER TIME (2009–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
ELENA SIMONCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Nominal Categories ◽  
Changes Over Time

The article examines the dynamics of social status self-evaluations of the Ukrainians based on two waves (2009 and 2019) of the Social Inequality module of International Social Survey Programme. Three types of social status self-evaluation in different biographical situations were noted: the current one (at the time of the survey), the retrospective one (of the parents’ family status) and the perspective one (status of oneself in 10 years’ time). They were measured through the respondents’ self-determination of their appropriate status on an imaginary 10-step social ladder. The noticeable changes for the better in the current social status self-evaluations of the Ukrainians are stated, which is visualized in changing the diagram of their distribution from pyramidal shape (where the lower-middle and the lowest positions are the basic ones) to the close to rhombus shape (where the majority is concentrated on the middle levels). The retrospective self-evaluations still demonstrate negative situation: the respondents mostly perceive the social status of parents’ families as higher than their current status. At the same time, the perspective self-evaluations of the Ukrainians are rather optimistic: majority of them hope to significantly increase their own status in the social hierarchy in the next decade. A connection between the class positions (both objectively and subjectively determined) and the status self-evaluations of three kinds was also studied. It is recorded that in both years of the survey this connection remains quite significant and expected in nature. Regarding EGP-classes: representatives of service classes and small owners had significantly higher current, retrospective and prospective self-evaluations than working-class people, primarily unskilled workers and farm labours. Regarding the subjective classes defined by nominal categories (upper middle, middle, lower middle, working, lower class): the higher the subjective class position a person has, the higher he/she evaluates his/her social status.

scholarly journals Kehidupan Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Transmigrasi di Kelurahan Bangun Jaya Tahun 1986-2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Belina Pasriana ◽  
Isbandiyah I ◽  
Sarkowi Sarkowi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

This study aims to determine the development of the social and economic life of transmigrant communities in A Widodo village Tugumulyo District in 1980-2017. The method that researchers use is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in research using interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Technical analysis of data with a step triangulation. Based on the results of research and discussion, it is known that the socio-economic life of the A Widodo village in the Tugumulyo District in 1980-2017 has changed from the beginning of the A Widodo feda in 1937 to the present. This changed can be seen from the field of education. Ranging from opening a business, trading, raising livestock, to fish farming and other, other in the fields of education and economic, also seen in the form of social and religious interactin, where individuals interact with each other and help each other help each other, they repect each other’s religions in the village of A Widodo, namely Islam, Protestantism, Catholic Christianity, Hinduism, they do not mock one another or insult religion. Will determine a person’s social status, the higher the level of education the easier it is to find work and the more respected by the surrounding community.

The Lady Lisle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ifill
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Child

The Lady Lisle features two near-identical boys from different ends of the social spectrum. The possibility of altering the development of their inborn natures through upbringing and education is explored and contested when the two are swapped by the villain, Major Varney. The upper-class child is sent to a middle-class school where he is raised in such a way as to negate detrimental qualities which initially seemed innate. Contrastingly, the lower-class child, James, impersonates the true heir and proves to be selfish, violent and eventually murderous, like his father. Yet it is never entirely clear to what extent James’s behaviour is due to heredity or to his emotionally abusive upbringing. A shift in narrative tone is identified which moves from making allowances for James due to ‘nurture’ towards castigating him as bad by ‘nature’. In this way Braddon raises questions about the malleability or fixity of the personality, about how we define, recognise and value naturalness, but ultimately combines the forces of education and hereditary degeneracy in order to segregate the lower classes, and to bring the morally upright middle classes together with the affluent upper classes.

scholarly journals The social class of the Baptist: Dissident retainer or peasant millennialist?

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Strijdom
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psalms Of Solomon ◽  
The One ◽  
Named Groups

In this article the Baptist is compared with the upper-class/literate millennialists behind the Psalms of Solomon, the Testament of Moses, the Similitudes of 1 Enoch, and the Qumran scrolls on the one hand, and with the lower-class/illiterate millennialist movements in Josephus on the other hand. The argument is developed in constant dialogue with the analyses of John Dominic Crossan. After an initial statement of historical facts about the Baptist, these are compared with the named groups in terms of each one’s (1) criticism of the social-political and religious status quo, (2) depiction of the imagined mediator through whom God was expected to intervene, (3) portrayal of the violent/non-violent intervention of God and the group respectively, and (4) social ethics. It is concluded that John shows closer resemblance to the literate than illiterate millennialists, and should therefore rather be considered as a dissident retainer.

Features of the Social Status of the Rayats in the Kaitag Domain of Dagestan in the Middle of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
T.Ch. Dzhabaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article considers the dependent social categories of the population that existed in the mountainous possessions of Middle and Southern Dagestan in the middle of the 19th century, but occupied an unequal property and legal position in the system of productive forces. This was a consequence of their different origins and features of natural and geographical conditions. Even within individual feudal domains, the rayats of different villages served different duties. The range and volume of duties of the rayats to their feudal lords was quite extensive and voluminous. This was especially evident in the Kaitag domain of Dagestan, where their position in terms of exploitation brought them closer to the serfs of Russia. However, with all the duties performed by the rayats in relation to the becks, they could not be called serfs. The article examines the categories of the dependent class of rayats in the Lower Kaitag, the sources of their formation, and various levels of feudal dependence. On the basis of archival material, all types of duties of the Lower Kaitag rayats are analyzed, however, despite their severity, there are signs of a lack of complete enslavement of this social category.

scholarly journals Gender, Class and Ideology: The Social Function of Virgin Sacrifice in Euripides' Children of Herakles

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kawalko Roselli
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
The Social

Abstract This paper explores how gender can operate as a disguise for class in an examination of the self-sacrifice of the Maiden in Euripides' Children of Herakles. In Part I, I discuss the role of human sacrifice in terms of its radical potential to transform society and the role of class struggle in Athens. In Part II, I argue that the representation of women was intimately connected with the social and political life of the polis. In a discussion of iconography, the theater industry and audience I argue that female characters became one of the means by which different groups promoted partisan interests based on class and social status. In Part III, I show how the Maiden solicits the competing interests of the theater audience. After discussing the centrality (as a heroine from an aristocratic family) and marginality (as a woman and associated with other marginal social groups) of the Maiden's character, I draw upon the funeral oration as a comparative model with which to understand the quite different role of self-sacrifice in tragedy. In addition to representing and mystifying the interests of elite, lower class and marginal groups, the play glorifies a subordinate character whose contradictory social status (both subordinate and elite) embodies the social position of other ““marginal”” members of Athenian society. The play stages a model for taking political action to transform the social system and for commemorating the tragic costs of such undertakings.

scholarly journals Literary words of foreign origin as social markers in Jeffrey Archer’s novels

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-830
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Ivushkina
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Words

The paper is aimed at studying the use of literary words of foreign origin in modern fiction from a sociolinguistic point of view, which presupposes establishing a correlation between this category of words in a speech portrayal or narrative and a social status of the speaker, and verifying that they serve as indices of socially privileged identity in British literature of the XX1st century. This research is the continuation of the diachronic sociolinguistic study of the upper-class speech portrayals which has traced the distinctive features in their speech and has revealed that literary words of foreign origin unambiguously testify to the social position of a character/speaker and serve as social indices. The question arises then whether it holds true for modern upper-class speakers/speech portrayals, given all the transformations a new millennium has brought about. To this end we have selected 60 contexts from two novels by Jeffrey Archer - Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less (2004) and A Prisoner of Birth (2008) , and subjected them to a careful examination. A graduate from Oxford and representative of socially privileged classes, Archer gives a wide depiction of characters with different social backgrounds and statuses. The analysis of the novels based on the contextual and functional approaches to the study enabled us to categorize the selected words into four relevant groups. The first class represented by terms ( commodity, debenture, assets, luminescence, etc.) serves to unambiguously indicate education, occupation, and fields of knowledge or communicative situations in which a character is involved. The second class is formed of words used in conjunction with their Germanic counterparts ( perspiration - sweat, padre - priest, convivial - friendly ) to contrast the social position of the characters: literary words serving as social indices of upper class speakers, whereas their synonyms of Germanic origin characterize middle or lower class speech portrayals. The third class of words comprises socially marked words (verbs, nouns and adjectives), or U-words (the term first coined by Allan Ross and Nancy Mitford), the status acquired in the course of social history development (elegant, excellent, sophistication, authoritative, preposterous, etc .) . The fourth class includes words used in a humorous or ironic meaning to convey the narrators attitude to the characters or the situation itself ( ministrations, histrionic, etc.). Words of this group are perceived as stylistic aliens, as they create incongruity between style and subject matter. The social implication of the selected words is enhanced by French words and phrases often accompanying them.

scholarly journals Gender Discrimination Underlying in Higher Education in Universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Liangfei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Normal Form ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times, sexism has existed in all aspects of people's lives. Women have always been at the bottom of society. Even upper-class women also have to abide by the principle of " obeying father at home, obeying husband after getting married, and obeying son after the husband died" as the social ethics. After the founding of new China, the idea that "women hold up half the sky" gradually spread. On the whole, the social status of Chinese women has been greatly improved. But sexism is still rife. Especially in colleges and universities, the underlying sexism on campus, in its "normal" form, is ignored. In view of this phenomenon, the author conducts in-depth exploration in the hope of attracting people's attention.

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