SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUSES OF THE UKRAINIANS: CHANGES OVER TIME (2009–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
ELENA SIMONCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Nominal Categories ◽  
Changes Over Time

The article examines the dynamics of social status self-evaluations of the Ukrainians based on two waves (2009 and 2019) of the Social Inequality module of International Social Survey Programme. Three types of social status self-evaluation in different biographical situations were noted: the current one (at the time of the survey), the retrospective one (of the parents’ family status) and the perspective one (status of oneself in 10 years’ time). They were measured through the respondents’ self-determination of their appropriate status on an imaginary 10-step social ladder. The noticeable changes for the better in the current social status self-evaluations of the Ukrainians are stated, which is visualized in changing the diagram of their distribution from pyramidal shape (where the lower-middle and the lowest positions are the basic ones) to the close to rhombus shape (where the majority is concentrated on the middle levels). The retrospective self-evaluations still demonstrate negative situation: the respondents mostly perceive the social status of parents’ families as higher than their current status. At the same time, the perspective self-evaluations of the Ukrainians are rather optimistic: majority of them hope to significantly increase their own status in the social hierarchy in the next decade. A connection between the class positions (both objectively and subjectively determined) and the status self-evaluations of three kinds was also studied. It is recorded that in both years of the survey this connection remains quite significant and expected in nature. Regarding EGP-classes: representatives of service classes and small owners had significantly higher current, retrospective and prospective self-evaluations than working-class people, primarily unskilled workers and farm labours. Regarding the subjective classes defined by nominal categories (upper middle, middle, lower middle, working, lower class): the higher the subjective class position a person has, the higher he/she evaluates his/her social status.

The Life-History of Badumna-Candida (Araneae, Amaurobioidea)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Downes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Social Spider ◽  
Social Spiders ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time

A two-year study of the social spider Badumna candida at Townsville, Queensland, provided information on colony size and changes over time, maturation synchrony, temperature effects on development, sex ratio, dispersal, colony foundation, fecundity and oviposition. Key findings were that B. candida outbred, had an iteroparous egg-production cycle between March and October, had an even primary sex ratio and achieved maturation synchrony by retarding the development of males, which matured faster than females at constant temperature. There was no overlap of generations, the cohort of young from a nest founded by a solitary female in summer dispersing the following summer as subadults (females) or subadults and adults (males). These findings confirm the status of B. candida as a periodic-social spider (an annual outbreeder), in contrast to the few known permanent-social spider species whose generations overlap. Cannibalism, normally rare in social spiders, rose to 48% when spiders were reared at a high temperature. This may be evidence that volatile recognition pheromones suppress predatory instincts in social spiders.

scholarly journals Modelling community formation driven by the status of individual in a society

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan E Snellman ◽  
Gerardo Iñiguez ◽  
Tzipe Govezensky ◽  
R A Barrio ◽  
Kimmo K Kaski
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Willingness To Compete ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract In human societies, people’s willingness to compete and strive for better social status, as well as being envious of those perceived in some way superior, lead to social structures that are intrinsically hierarchical. Here, we propose an agent-based, network model to mimic the ranking behaviour of individuals and its possible repercussions in human society. The main ingredient of the model is the assumption that the relevant feature of social interactions is each individual’s keenness to maximize his or her status relative to others. The social networks produced by the model are homophilous and assortative, as frequently observed in human communities, and most of the network properties seem quite independent of its size. However, we see that for a small number of agents the resulting network consists of disjoint weakly connected communities, while being highly assortative and homophilic. On the other hand, larger networks turn out to be more cohesive with larger communities but less homophilic. We find that the reason for these changes is that larger network size allows agents to use new strategies for maximizing their social status, allowing for more diverse links between them.

scholarly journals Gender, Class and Ideology: The Social Function of Virgin Sacrifice in Euripides' Children of Herakles

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kawalko Roselli
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
The Social

Abstract This paper explores how gender can operate as a disguise for class in an examination of the self-sacrifice of the Maiden in Euripides' Children of Herakles. In Part I, I discuss the role of human sacrifice in terms of its radical potential to transform society and the role of class struggle in Athens. In Part II, I argue that the representation of women was intimately connected with the social and political life of the polis. In a discussion of iconography, the theater industry and audience I argue that female characters became one of the means by which different groups promoted partisan interests based on class and social status. In Part III, I show how the Maiden solicits the competing interests of the theater audience. After discussing the centrality (as a heroine from an aristocratic family) and marginality (as a woman and associated with other marginal social groups) of the Maiden's character, I draw upon the funeral oration as a comparative model with which to understand the quite different role of self-sacrifice in tragedy. In addition to representing and mystifying the interests of elite, lower class and marginal groups, the play glorifies a subordinate character whose contradictory social status (both subordinate and elite) embodies the social position of other ““marginal”” members of Athenian society. The play stages a model for taking political action to transform the social system and for commemorating the tragic costs of such undertakings.

scholarly journals Comparison group matters for chronic stress effects of subjective social status

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1923-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M Geiger ◽  
Clemens Kirschbaum ◽  
Jutta M Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Inconsistent associations between health and measures of subjective social status compared to one’s community suggest that how people define community may matter. This study broke down community into status among neighborhood and friends/family to assess the impact of each domain on chronic stress in individuals differing in socioeconomic status (18 employed and 18 unemployed individuals). The findings suggest that for ratings of subjective social status, the social and physical proximity of the reference group matters. Specifically, neighborhood status was affected by unemployment, while friends/family status was associated with perceived stress, emphasizing the importance of the comparison group in assessing subjective status.

XIV. The Social Status of Chaucer's Franklin

PMLA ◽  
1926 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Hall Gerould
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Social ◽  
Edward Iii ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

An uncertainty as to the social position of franklins in general, and of Chaucer's Franklin in particular, has occasionally manifested itself since the early part of the nineteenth century. In 1810, Todd quoted an elaborate note from Waterhous's Commentary on Sir John Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum Angliae, which tended to show that franklins did not belong to the gentry. Todd was unable to square this with the fact that (Chaucer's Franklin was “at sessiouns,” since by a statute of Edward III, which he cited, justices were seigneurs, and that he was “ofte tyme” a knight of the shire, since by another statute members of parliament were “chivalers et serjantz des meulz vaues du paies.”) Todd was thus left in doubt as to the gentility of the Franklin. As a later examination of Fortescue's remarks will show, it is not he but his commentator who must be blamed for lowering the status of Chaucer's sanguine country gentleman. If Todd had been of firmer mind, or if he had studied the subject more deeply, he would not have left the matter in doubt—a trap for unwary feet in later times.

scholarly journals REFLECTION ON THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE ADYGHE WOMAN IN THE RESEARCHES OF THE EUROPEAN AUTHORS OF THE XVII - XIX  ENTURY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.Х. Кумахова
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

В данной статье анализируются исследования европейских путе- шественников, побывавших на Северном Кавказе в XVII–XIX в., затрагивающие статус женщины в традиционном черкесском обществе. Выявленные источники классифицируются по сюжетам, описывающим формирование статуса женщи- ны с младенчества до достижения положения матери семейства. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка комплексно изучить вышеупомянутые источники, выявив стороны жизни адыгской женщины, привлекавшие внимание иностранных исследователей. This article analyzes the research of European travelers who visited the North Caucasus in the 17th - 19th centuries. affecting the status of women in traditional Circassian society. The sources identifi ed are classifi ed by stories describin This article analyses the researches of European travellers who visited the North Caucasus in the period from 17th to 19th centuries, that covered the issue of the status of women in traditional Circassian society. The identifi ed sources are classifi ed according to the plot describing the development of women’s status from infancy to getting the position of the mother of the family. In this article, an attempt has been made to study comprehensively the abovementioned sources, identifying the Adyghe woman’s aspects of life, which attracted the attention of foreign researchers g the formation of the status of women from infancy to the position of the mother of the family. In this article, an attempt was made to comprehensively study the above sources, identifying the sides of the life of the Adyg woman, which attracted the attention of foreign researchers.

scholarly journals WOMEN’S HOUSEHOLD AND POVERTY

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriadi Setyawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poor Woman ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Simple Life

Poverty means the unfulfilled basic needs (food, shelter, health and basic education). Nowadays, women can participate freely in society due to their advancement in education and occupation. Therefore, many women whose social status is household head don’t rely on men. Meanwhile, the social status of traditional women is still considered relying on men. The violence tends to occur in a poor woman household. Women have work hard and overtime in a poor woman household. The woman emancipation cannot make the status of man equal to woman. When the woman is oppressed, their creativity comes up. The poor women household tries hard to survive. In the worst condition, they often look for a loan and perform a simple life. This is the strategy to survive.Keywords: household, women, poverty

Up Close: Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France: Materials Science in the Service of Art History

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Maurice Bernard ◽  
Jean-Michel Dupouy
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Art History ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Until the 18th century, the word “art” meant the product of the artisan (not the artist) and, by extension, also meant the product itself. Objects manufactured by craftsmen had, first of all, a useful function, although they might also have had a symbolic or aesthetic meaning. The concept of aesthetics is actually much older, considering the antiquity of Rome and Greece. And in Egypt, 3,500 years ago, at Saqqara, the first stone pyramid was engraved by scribes expressing their admiration for it.These artisans were famous for the quality of their work, for their genius in mastering their knowledge. One is reminded of Phidias in Athens, Michelangelo and Julius II, or Leonardo da Vinci and Francois the 1st.However, the social status of such artists was probably not very different from the status of other exceptional artisans in fields such as jewelry, metallurgy, clothing, music, etc. “Ĺart pour l'art,” a tenet which ignored the function of the object, arose only during the last century. In other words, almost all objects or artifacts in museums were originally devised and built to achieve a very specific and useful function.

scholarly journals A Decline in the Social Status of the Working Class? Conflicting Evidence for 8 Western Countries, 1987–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402110474
Author(s):  
Daniel Oesch ◽  
Nathalie Vigna
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unskilled Workers

The consensus view among political scientists is that the subjective social status of low-skilled workers has declined over the last decades, and this status loss of the working class is seen as contributing to the rise of the radical right. We examine the micro-foundation of this claim by tracing the evolution of subjective status for different social classes in Europe and the US. We use all available survey rounds of the International Social Survey Programme 1987–2017 and replicate findings with the European Social Survey 2002–2016. While unskilled workers perceive their status to be lower than members of the middle class everywhere, we find no relative or absolute fall in their subjective social status over time. Unskilled workers were at the bottom of the status hierarchy in the 1990s and 2010s. Our findings throw doubt on the narrative that sees workers’ falling subjective social status as a prominent driver behind the rise of the radical right.

scholarly journals Modernism and Record Covers: Raising the Status of Jazz in Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 174997552110523
Author(s):  
Mischa van Kan
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1950S

By introducing a wider understanding of the discourse of modernism at the time that record covers were introduced, this article investigates record covers as a means through which various actors in the Swedish jazz scene connected jazz with modernist art forms. In the 1950s, specific designs for record sleeves became integrated into the ways in which jazz was mediated in Sweden, which coincided with wider debates about whether jazz could be seen as an art form. The main question of this article is: How did the artwork on record covers influence the acceptance of jazz as an art form in Sweden? In responding to this question, the article aims to demonstrate that, in addition to written discourse, visual objects – in this case record covers – were of great importance to the rising status of jazz in Sweden in the 1950s and 1960s. More broadly, I argue that the visual elements in music cultures can be just as important, if not more so, than written forms of discourse, for negotiating the social status of music.

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