Erforschung der kritisch bedrohten Süßwasserfauna des Vorderen Orients

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Krupp
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Freshwater Fauna

Im oberen Miozän kollidierte die afroarabische Platte mit Eurasien. So entstand die Gomphotherium- Landbrücke, welche Paläarktis, Orientalis und Afrotropis miteinander verband und einen Faunenaustausch zwischen diesen Regionen über ständig wechselnde Gewässernetze ermöglichte, der jedoch mit zunehmender Aridität immer mehr eingeschränkt wurde. In den 1970er Jahren initiierte Ragnar Kinzelbach mit einer Serie von Forschungsreisen die systematische Erforschung der Hydrofauna der Levante, die er und seine Schüler*innen später auf den gesamten Vorderen Orient ausweiteten. Die umfangreichen, in Museen deponierten Sammlungen, die aufgrund fortschreitender Umweltzerstörung und bewaffneter Konflikte in der Region heute nur eingeschränkt zusammengetragen werden können, bilden eine wichtige Grundlage für fortlaufende Forschungsarbeiten und Naturschutzinitiativen. Anhand einiger Beispiele werden die rezente Biodiversität der Binnengewässer der Region und die Geschichte ihrer Besiedlung mit Süßwasserorganismen umrissen. Research into the Critically Endangered Freshwater Fauna of the Middle East Abstract: During the Upper Miocene, the Afro-Arabian Plate collided with Eurasia, giving rise to the Gomphotherium land bridge, which connects the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical realms, allowing for an exchange of faunal elements among these realms via an ever-changing network of freshwater connections. This migration, however, was soon restricted by increasing aridity. In the 1970s, Ragnar Kinzelbach initiated research activities on the freshwater fauna of the Levant, which he and his students later on extended to the entire Middle East. Extensive collections were deposited in museums, serving scientific research and conservation initiatives. Given increasing degradation of freshwater ecosystems and armed conflicts in the region, most of these collecting activities would no longer be possible today. The extant biodiversity of the region’s inland waters and its historical biogeography are briefly outlined.

Refugees’ dehumanization in the Spanish media: A corpus-assisted study within the semantic preference framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Alcaraz-Mármol ◽  
Jorge Soto-Almela
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Manual Analysis ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
The Media

AbstractThe dehumanization of migrants and refugees in the media has been the object of numerous critical discourse analyses and metaphor-based studies which have primarily dealt with English written news articles. This paper, however, addresses the dehumanizing language which is used to refer to refugees in a 1.8-million-word corpus of Spanish news articles collected from the digital libraries of El Mundo and El País, the two most widely read Spanish newspapers. Our research particularly aims to explore how the dehumanization of the lemma refugiado is constructed through the identification of semantic preferences. It is concerned with synchronic and diachronic aspects, offering results on the evolution of refugees’ dehumanization from 2010 to 2016. The dehumanizing collocates are determined via a corpus-based analysis, followed by a detailed manual analysis conducted in order to label the different collocates of refugiado semantically and classify them into more specific semantic subsets. The results show that the lemma refugiado usually collocates with dehumanizing words that express, by frequency order, quantification, out-of-control phenomenon, objectification, and economic burden. The analysis also demonstrates that the collocates corresponding to these four semantic subsets are unusually frequent in the 2015–16 period, giving rise to seasonal collocates strongly related to the Syrian civil war and other Middle-East armed conflicts.

COLLEGE SCIENCE IN BASHKIRIA IN THE 1960-1980S

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
SH.N. ISYANGULOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
State University ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
College Science ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic

The article deals with the development of science in higher educational institutions of Bashkiria in the 1960- 1980s, also the problem of the growth of the number of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. The paper shows the dynamics of creating of research sections (departments), research industrial branch and problem laboratories, research production units in the universities of the republic. Thus, the first research laboratory in the higher educational institutions of the republic appeared in 1960, and the first research sections (departments) in 1963. The paper shows that in institutional terms, research activities were particularly intensively developed in the Ufa Oil and Aviation Institutes, the Bashkir State University. For some time, from 1963 to 1967, the former research institutes of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences were part of the BSU; namely the Institute of Organic Chemistry and the Institute of Biology. However, the most rapid emergence of research laboratories in most universities of the republic dates back only to the 1980s, when they were established in the Bashkir State University, Medical and Agricultural Institutes. The article describes peculiarities of the formation of scientific trends and schools in various higher education institutions of the region. Thus, in the Bashkir Agricultural Institute, scientific research was closely related to agricultural production, in the Medical Institute - with medical and preventive practice in the republic. The Ufa Aviation and Petroleum Institutes, partly the University, served the production interests of large industrial enterprises. The article reveals that during the period under review, there occurred a certain integration of college science with academic and branch science, production, also increase the volume of contractual self accounting work took place The problem publication the results of scientific research remained acute during the study period. The issue of the implementing of the results of scientific activity in to production is touched upon. A number of difficulties in the development of science in higher educational institutions of the republic are identified in the article: the weakness of the experimental and production base, its inefficient use, the increase in the time of implementation of developments in to production, the low level of cooperation and coordination of scientific activities.

scholarly journals Microbiology and risk factors associated with war-related wound infections in the Middle East

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 2848-2857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. T. SAHLI ◽  
A. R. BIZRI ◽  
G. S. ABU-SITTAH
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

SUMMARYThe Middle East region is plagued with repeated armed conflicts that affect both civilians and soldiers. Injuries sustained during war are common and frequently associated with multiple life-threatening complications. Wound infections are major consequences of these war injuries. The microbiology of war-related wound infections is variable with predominance of Gram-negative bacteria in later stages. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among isolates affecting war-related wound injuries is a serious problem with major regional and global implications. Factors responsible for the increase in multidrug-resistant pathogens include timing and type of surgical management, wide use of antimicrobial drugs, and the presence of metallic or organic fragments in the wound. Nosocomial transmission is the most important factor in the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Wound management of war-related injuries merits a multidisciplinary approach. This review aims to describe the microbiology of war-related wound infections and factors affecting their incidence from conflict areas in Iraq, Syria, Israel, and Lebanon.

scholarly journals ACADEMIC CULTURE AS A COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL INNOVATION SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Олена Семеног
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Academic Culture ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

The article describes the essence and content of academic culture as a significant component of national innovation security. The semantic and terminological analysis of the key concepts of the research like «national security», «human security», «human security of humanity», «human capital» were carried out. The concept of «innovative security» is described as a stable, effective provision of country’s innovations in the economy, creation of conditions for modernization of industries, development of priority areas of fundamental and applied scientific research, technical and technological developments that ensure the competitiveness of the country.It was proved that main features of academic culture are the culture of study at the university, ethical values, traditions, norms, rules for conducting scientific research; scientific linguistic culture, professional subculture of the scientific community; social, moral responsibility for the process and results of the research which is formed in the cultural and educational space of higher education institution. The cultural and educational space of the university is described as a component of the development of human capital and one of the factors of national innovation safety. It is noted that universities must clearly show the values of educational services, be centers of academic culture, act on the principles of academic freedom, public responsibility, respect for human dignity and support adherence to academic integrity in research activities. The formation of the researcher’s academic culture in the conditions of the university’s cultural and educational space is defined as a complex, multidimensional, phased process of qualitative changes in the psychological sphere of the individual, taking into account the main provisions of the theory of activity, intercultural communication; the ideas of a humanistic, acmeological paradigm; concept of continuous pedagogical education.

scholarly journals Graphic design and scientific research: the INGV experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Riposati ◽  
Giuliana D'Addezio ◽  
Francesca Di Laura ◽  
Valeria Misiti ◽  
Patrizia Battelli
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Product Package

Abstract. Part of the INGV activity is focused on the production of resources concerning Educational and Outreach projects on Geophysics and natural hazard topics. The forefront results of research activity, in fact, are periodically transferred to the public through an intense and comprehensive plan of scientific dissemination. In the past 15 years, graphic and visual communication has become an essential point of reference supporting institutional and research activities. Positive experiences are the result of a strict relationship between graphic design and scientific research, in particular the process concerning the collaborative work between designers and researchers. In projects such as the realization of museum exhibition or the production of illustrative brochures, generally designed for broad-spectrum public, the goal is to make easier the understanding and to support the scientific message, making concepts enjoyable and fruitful through the emotional involvement that visual image can arouse. The graphics and editorial products, through composition of signs and images by using different tools (colors, form, lettering) on different media (print, video, web), link to create a strong identity INGV style, in order to make them easily recognizable in Educational and Outreach projects. A project product package might include a logo or other artwork, organized text and pure design elements such as shapes and color, which unify the piece. Color is used not only to help the logo stand out from the international overview, but in our case to have a unifying outcome across all the INGV sections. A recent and stimulating experience has been the collaboration between INGV project design and its reference scientific community in order to create edu-games, products specifically designed for scientific dissemination. The edu-games have been designed to be an efficient combination of educational content and playful communicative aspects, with the aim therefore to learn while having fun.

Geographic Information Technologies in Epidemiology – An Up-to-Date Research Direction of Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
MV Vyushkov ◽  
NN Zaitseva ◽  
EI Efimov ◽  
LS Kitaeva ◽  
GG Pobedinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction: Studying the possibility of using geoinformation technologies to analyze the epidemiological situation in the Volga Federal District (VFD) dates back to early 2000s. The experience of creating and maintaining the electronic epidemiological atlas of the Volga Federal District confirmed the relevance of this research direction for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population and showed the importance of its results for activities of healthcare and Rospotrebnadzor institutions. The purpose of our work was to consider the main stages of formation and development of geoinformation technologies in epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases as a research direction of Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Materials: The article describes the development of medical geography and gives characteristics of classical scientific schools and some of their results. It presents main results of research work carried out within the framework of the Rospotrebnadzor Sectoral Research Program for 2016–2020 as well as methodology and main stages of development of the geographically distributed geoinformation software complex “Electronic Epidemiological Atlas of the Russian Federation” (GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”) and its structure. Conclusions: Geographic information systems in epidemiological surveillance as an up-to-date scientific direction of research activities of the Institute enabled implementation of the geoinformation project “Epidemiological Atlas of the Volga Federal District”, the development of which began in 2000–2005 by specialists of the Institute and JSC Upper Volga Air Geodetic Enterprise, and development of GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”.

Scientometric Indicators and Assumptions

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Keyword(s):  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientometric Indicators ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Broad Overview

To better understand all the aspects and components of scientific research activities, this book explores and discusses the research indicators applied for research evaluation and their categorization. The present chapter provides a broad overview of what this book comprises and its main assumptions.

scholarly journals Marine and freshwater taxa: some numerical trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semyon Ya. Tsalolikhin ◽  
Aldo Zullini
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Freshwater Fauna

Most of the freshwater fauna originates from ancient or recent marine ancestors. In this study, we considered only completely aquatic non-parasitic animals, counting 25 phyla, 77 classes, 363 orders for a total that should include 236,070 species. We divided these taxa into three categories: exclusively marine, marine and freshwater, and exclusively freshwater. By doing so, we obtained three distribution curves which could reflect the marine species’ mode of invasion into continental waters. The lack of planktonic stages in the benthic fauna of inland waters, in addition to what we know about the effects of the impoundment of epicontinental seas following marine regressions, lead us to think that the main invasion mode into inland waters is more linked to the sea level fluctuations of the past than to slow and “voluntary” ascents of rivers by marine elements.

scholarly journals Geological Map of a Treasure Chest of Geodiversity: The Lavagnina Lakes Area (Alessandria, Italy)

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Scarsi ◽  
Laura Crispini ◽  
Cristina Malatesta ◽  
Chiara Spagnolo ◽  
Giovanni Capponi
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
Treasure Chest

The aim of this work is to present a new georeferenced geological map of an area in the Ligurian Western Alps (Lavagnina Lakes area) that includes both a unique geodiversity and great biodiversity, a peculiar geological heritage, and cultural features. The study area is located in the northern part of the Capanne di Marcarolo Regional Natural Park, occurring in the southern Piedmont Region (Alessandria, NW Italy) and close to the suburbs of Genoa. This area has been studied by multi-disciplinary scientific researchers who, so far, have focused their attention on the occurrence of alkaline springs and investigation of different endemic floral species. Moreover, in the past, the Lavagnina Lakes area has been exploited due to the presence of gold mineralization, and several mining records are still visible. We performed detailed geological mapping at a 1:10,000 scale, and collected data that were later integrated into a digital GIS map. The database associated with the map contains information that may be interesting from different points of view: (i) scientific research; (ii) outreach and dissemination activities; and (iii) geotourism (i.e., trail networks and panoramic viewpoints). The area represents a section of the Jurassic Piedmont Ligurian oceanic lithosphere, showing several geologic processes on different scales, such as the serpentinization process and intense and widespread carbonation of ultramafic rocks; the area is, moreover, characterized by fault systems showing paleoseismic structures. Beyond scientific research activities (i.e., geology, geoarchaeology, and mining archaeology), the area can also be promoted for geotourism, outreach and dissemination activities, field trips for schools, and gold panning activities. Hence, our new digital map and our 3D model could be a useful tool to illustrate the main characteristics of the area, leading a non-expert public to explore different geological features in a relatively “small” area. In this way, our map could help to improve geotourism, be used as a tool for educational activities, and, finally, could also help the Capanne di Marcarolo Regional Natural Park to be recognized as a geopark.

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