The development and validation of a revised Friendship Activity Scale and Adjective Checklist for use in the Indonesian Unified Sports program

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Erick Burhaein ◽  
Diajeng Tyas Pinru Phytanza ◽  
Nevzat Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Adjective Checklist ◽  
Tests And Measurements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Development And Validation

The Friendship Activity Scale and the Adjective Checklist were initially developed in the USA for the purpose of measuring children’s attitudes towards intellectual disability (Siperstein, 1980). This research reports the development and validation of an Indonesian revision of these instruments, the Friendship Activity Observation Test (FAOT) and the Adjective Observational Checklistl (AOT) for use in its unified sports program (Special Olympics). Nine experts, with national and international level experience of 12-30 years, participated in this research. They comprised a psychometry expert, a sports psychology expert, a children with intellectual disability (ID) expert, a sport tests and measurements expert, and five unified sports trainers of children with ID. Content validity ratio (CVR) was used to assess the validity of the revised items. Following the formula proposed by Lawshe, the provision of a minimum value of CVR 0.78 was established as the criterion. Following the Delphi process, the average validity value of the items in each instrument was 0.945 for the FAOT and 0.941 for the AOT. The resulting drafts were then further tested and refined to check the content, construct, and rationale using the expert panel. The FAOT and AOT instruments when compared to the original versions were found to have increased utility in the Indonesian context as a result of increased balance in the number of indicators and items defining each factor, adjusting to the socio-cultural context of Indonesia, corresponding the instrument items and indicators to the context of unified sports for ID children, and the provision of implementation instructions, lattices instruments, as well as an observation-based rating rubric.

Emigrant Psychoanalysts in the USA and the FBI Archives

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Goggin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Nation

Interest in the fate of the German psychoanalysts who had to flee Hitler's Germany and find refuge in a new nation, such as the United States, has increased. The ‘émigré research’ shows that several themes recur: (1) the theme of ‘loss’ of one's culture, homeland, language, and family; and (2) the ambiva-lent welcome these émigrés received in their new country. We describe the political-social-cultural context that existed in the United States during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. Documentary evidence found in the FBI files of three émigré psychoanalysts, Clara Happel, Martin Grotjahn, and Otto Fenichel, are then presented in combination with other source material. This provides a provisional impression of how each of these three individuals experienced their emigration. As such, it gives us elements of a history. The FBI documents suggest that the American atmosphere of political insecurity and fear-based ethnocentric nationalism may have reinforced their old fears of National Socialism, and contributed to their inclination to inhibit or seal off parts of them-selves and their personal histories in order to adapt to their new home and become Americanized. They abandoned the rich social, cultural, political tradition that was part of European psychoanalysis. Finally, we look at these elements of a history in order to ask a larger question about the appropriate balance between a liberal democratic government's right to protect itself from internal and external threats on the one hand, or crossover into the blatant invasion of civil rights and due process on the other.

scholarly journals Creating a Framework for Medical Professionalism: An Initial Consensus Statement From an Arab Nation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abdel-Razig ◽  
Halah Ibrahim ◽  
Hatem Alameri ◽  
Hossam Hamdy ◽  
Khaled Abu Haleeqa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Consensus Definition

ABSTRACT  Medical professionalism has received increased worldwide attention, yet there is limited information on the applicability and utility of established Western professionalism frameworks in non-Western nations.Background  We developed a locally derived consensus definition of medical professionalism for the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which reflects the cultural and social constructs of the UAE and the Middle East.Objective  We used a purposive sample of 14 physicians working in the UAE as clinical and education leaders. This expert panel used qualitative methods, including the world café, nominal group technique, the Delphi method, and an interpretive thematic analysis to develop the consensus statement.Methods  The expert panel defined 9 attributes of medical professionalism. There was considerable overlap with accepted Western definitions, along with important differences in 3 aspects: (1) the primacy of social justice and societal rights; (2) the role of the physician's personal faith and spirituality in guiding professional practices; and (3) societal expectations for professional attributes of physicians that extend beyond the practice of medicine.Results  Professionalism is a social construct influenced by cultural and religious contexts. It is imperative that definitions of professionalism used in the education of physicians in training and in the assessment of practicing physicians be formulated locally and encompass specific competencies relevant to the local, social, and cultural context for medical practice. Our goal was to develop a secular consensus statement that encompasses culture and values relevant to professionalism for the UAE and the Arab region.Conclusions

scholarly journals Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The article introduces the modern understanding of intellectual disability as a diagnostic category. It is based on the description of the structure, recommended for professional use in the USA. The necessity of intellect testing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders is discussed alongside with its place among other diagnostic measures

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LOWER-EXTREMITY ACTIVITY SCALE

2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALED J. SALEH ◽  
KEVIN J. MULHALL ◽  
BORIS BERSHADSKY ◽  
HASSAN M. GHOMRAWI ◽  
LAURA E. WHITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Development And Validation

The social and cultural context of well-being and physical activity in later life in the USA

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha ◽  
Karin Volkwein-Caplan ◽  
Amarachi Akwarandu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa

Promoting Social Inclusion in High Schools Using a Schoolwide Approach

Inclusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary N. Siperstein ◽  
Lauren A. Summerill ◽  
Holly E. Jacobs ◽  
Jeffrey E. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the impact of the Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools program in high schools across the country. Data were analyzed from 2,774 students from 11 high schools implementing the program concerning their perceptions and attitudes toward including students with intellectual disability (ID). Students participating in 1 or more program activities reported increased visibility of and social interactions with students with ID in school. This, in turn, promoted more positive perceptions and attitudes regarding school and classroom inclusion. Participation in different activities had unique effects on students' perceptions of their school's inclusive environment and on their attitudes toward classroom inclusion. These findings support an ecological approach to social inclusion and for structured, schoolwide interventions embedded within normative school contexts.

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