scholarly journals The meaning of the relationship between bale nyungcung roof and inner room in architectural design of Mosques at Sunda Tatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Roza Rahmadjasa Mintaredja ◽  
Purnama Salura ◽  
Bachtiar Fauzy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
The West ◽  
West Java ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

There has been a decline in the form and function of Sundanese vernacular architecture for large buildings due to the absence of artifacts in village houses. The data on palace or keraton and terraced roofs are only found in lontar and from outside observers in the XVI century. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of the bale nyungcung roof emerged on the mosque in the XVI-XIX centuries at West Java after disappearing for more or less two centuries. The reappearance makes it interesting to study this concept, especially with the focus on its relationship with the inner room of the mosque. This research was conducted on the Great Mosque spread in Sunda Tatar such as the West Java and Banten Provinces with buildings of Majalaya, Manonjaya, and Banten used as case studies. It was conducted qualitatively and interpretatively using the building anatomical theory to analyze the scope of shape and the Bale Nyungcung roof. The results showed the relationship between the roof and the inner space is a reflection of the adjustment in the mosque's basic reference with the Bale Nyungcung roof used as one of the Sundanese local building features.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Function-Form in The Expression of Architectural Creation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Trisno ◽  
Fermanto Lianto
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Concept Of Function ◽  
Single Method ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

<div>In the Postmodern era there are diverse forms of architecture, which is also related to. structural and material technology that is developing so rapidly. The method used is the analysis of architectural theories to find the relationship between Function‐Form, whether: </div><div>1) The concept of Form follows Function; </div><div>2) The concept of Function follows Form; </div><div>3) The concept of Form and Function runs together. </div><div><br></div><div>The relation between the concept of Function and Form will result in the meaning of the architectural work itself. The conclusion is: in architectural design there is no exact rule whether the Function must follow the Form, or Form must follow the Function, or Function and Form run side by side, but the relationships between Function and Form merge into a single method towards the expression of architectural Form, so that this Function‐Form relationship will be interpreted by the observer towards the expression of the architectural creation itself. The findings in this study are to give architectural designers freedom regarding the relationship between Function‐Form. However, the most important thing from this relationship is that the meaning must be reflected in the expression of the form that corresponds to the relationship to be achieved. The benefit of this research is that architectural students can know more deeply the relationship between the Function‐Form that will be used in the design, and also for architect practitioners in designing the building.</div>

scholarly journals Two Traditional Central Transylvanian Dances and Their Economic and Cultural/Political Background

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Sándor Varga
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Political Background ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study focuses on a theme that until now has only been addressed to a lesser degree in dance folkloristics, namely the relationship between dance and politics. I examine two types of Central Transylvanian folk dance, the local variations of the dance group called eszközös pásztortánc (Herdsmen’s Dance with implement) and the local variations of the dance group called lassú legényes (slow male dance), attempting to study their transformation in terms of form and function during the 20th century in a traditional and revival context.1 Using two case studies, I also reflect on the unique system of relations between folklorism and folklorisation in an attempt to illustrate Hungarian and Romanian socio-economic factors and cultural policy underlying the transformation of these dances.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Function-Form in The Expression of Architectural Creation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Trisno ◽  
Fermanto Lianto
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Concept Of Function ◽  
Single Method ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

<div>In the Postmodern era there are diverse forms of architecture, which is also related to. structural and material technology that is developing so rapidly. The method used is the analysis of architectural theories to find the relationship between Function‐Form, whether: </div><div>1) The concept of Form follows Function; </div><div>2) The concept of Function follows Form; </div><div>3) The concept of Form and Function runs together. </div><div><br></div><div>The relation between the concept of Function and Form will result in the meaning of the architectural work itself. The conclusion is: in architectural design there is no exact rule whether the Function must follow the Form, or Form must follow the Function, or Function and Form run side by side, but the relationships between Function and Form merge into a single method towards the expression of architectural Form, so that this Function‐Form relationship will be interpreted by the observer towards the expression of the architectural creation itself. The findings in this study are to give architectural designers freedom regarding the relationship between Function‐Form. However, the most important thing from this relationship is that the meaning must be reflected in the expression of the form that corresponds to the relationship to be achieved. The benefit of this research is that architectural students can know more deeply the relationship between the Function‐Form that will be used in the design, and also for architect practitioners in designing the building.</div>

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Cities-Before-Cities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

Foundation myths are a crucial component of many Greek cities’ identities. But the mythic tradition also represents many cities and their spaces before they were cities at all. This study examines three of these ‘prefoundational’ narratives: stories of cities-before-cities that prepare, configure, or reconfigure, in a conceptual sense, the mythic ground for foundation. ‘Prefoundational’ myths vary in both form and function. Thebes, before it was Thebes, is represented as a trackless and unfortified backwater. Croton, like many Greek cities in south Italy, credited Heracles with a kind of ‘prefounding’, accomplished on his journey from the West back to central Greece. And the Athenian acropolis was the object of a quarrel between Athena and Poseidon, the results of which gave the city its name and permanently marked its topography. In each case, ‘prefoundational’ myth plays a crucial role in representing ideology, identity, and civic topography.

scholarly journals The iron-responsive genome of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Varney ◽  
Daniel I. Speiser ◽  
Carmel McDougall ◽  
Bernard M. Degnan ◽  
Kevin M. Kocot
Keyword(s):  
Iron Transport ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Major Clade ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Molluscan Evolution ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTMolluscs biomineralize structures that vary in composition, form, and function, prompting questions about the genetic mechanisms responsible for their production and the evolution of these mechanisms. Chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) are a promising system for studies of biomineralization because they build a range of calcified structures including shell plates and spine- or scale-like sclerites. Chitons also harden the calcified teeth of their rasp-like radula with a coat of iron (as magnetite). Here we present the genome of the West Indian fuzzy chiton Acanthopleura granulata, the first from any aculiferan mollusc. The A. granulata genome contains homologs of many biomineralization genes identified previously in conchiferan molluscs. We expected chitons to lack genes previously identified from pathways conchiferans use to make biominerals like calcite and nacre because chitons do not use these materials in their shells. Surprisingly, the A. granulata genome has homologs of many of these genes, suggesting that the ancestral mollusc had a more diverse biomineralization toolkit than expected. The A. granulata genome has features that may be specialized for iron biomineralization, including a higher proportion of genes regulated directly by iron than other molluscs. A. granulata also produces two isoforms of soma-like ferritin: one is regulated by iron and similar in sequence to the soma-like ferritins of other molluscs, and the other is constitutively translated and is not found in other molluscs. The A. granulata genome is a resource for future studies of molluscan evolution and biomineralization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChitons are molluscs that make shell plates, spine- or scale-like sclerites, and iron-coated teeth. Currently, all molluscs with sequenced genomes lie within one major clade (Conchifera). Sequencing the genome of a representative from the other major clade (Aculifera) helps us learn about the origins and evolution of molluscan traits. The genome of the West Indian Fuzzy Chiton, Acanthopleura granulata, reveals chitons have homologs of many genes other molluscs use to make shells, suggesting all molluscs share some shell-making pathways. The genome of A. granulata has more genes that may be regulated directly by iron than other molluscs, and chitons produce a unique isoform of a major iron-transport protein (ferritin), suggesting that chitons have genomic specializations that contribute to their production of iron-coated teeth.

scholarly journals Ontological modelling of form and function for architectural design

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehul Bhatt ◽  
Joana Hois ◽  
Oliver Kutz
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

Egyptian Life, by and with Literary Texts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig D. Morenz
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
Egyptian Literature ◽  
And Function ◽  
Writing Errors ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Middle Egyptian

This chapter discusses aspects of Egyptian ‘fine literature’ (belles-lettres), and combines general literary and cultural-scientific theoretical considerations with specific case studies from both Middle Egyptian and Late Egyptian literature. It addresses questions of form and function, producers and recipients, as well as discussing the search for empirical readers. Also discussed are the question of original manuscripts and the potential significance of writing errors.

Relationship of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy to Functional Status: A Systematic Research Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Michael
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the realm of muscle atrophy research, many studies address minute details of molecular function but few examine the effects of atrophy in terms of mobility, strength, endurance, and performance of activities of daily living. The relationship between impairment and functional limitation is the focus of this research review. A wide array of studies constitute this area of inquiry, including investigations as diverse and widely disparate as molecular chemistry and space travel and populations as different as rats, healthy young men, and elderly women. Thirty-four studies were selected based on their fit with the Enabling-Disabling Model. Three paradigms of atrophy and function emerged. Adaptation reflects the plastic nature of muscle when placed under certain conditions, ranging from disuse to high-resistance exercise. Injury/loss describes damage to muscle tissue from ischemia, medications, or reloading or reperfusion trauma. Also in this category is the loss of muscle that is seen with aging. Integrity relates to the muscle’s tendency to protect itself and maintain structural adjacencies and cellular proportions. Based on the 3 muscle research paradigms, the relationship of muscle atrophy to function is portrayed as a bidirectional interaction wherein form and function have an influence on each other by way of physical changes, including those of adaptation, injury/loss, or integrity. A conceptual model is constructed to reflect this relationship.

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