scholarly journals Colonisation of renovated pastures in Waikato by four coleopteran species

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Dispersal Behaviour ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Farm Scale

In autumn 1998 a farm scale replicated field trial was established in Waikato New Zealand to measure the productivity of combinations of old and new ryegrass and white clover cultivars Colonisation in the first two years of the trial by Costelytra zealandica Heteronychus arator Naupactus leucoloma and Sitona lepidus was monitored By the end of winter 2000 no difference in densities of any of the pest species monitored could be attributed to cultivar treatments However dispersal behaviour and soil type did have a significant effect on pest densities Naupactus leucoloma which disperses by walking was found in greatest densities on the edges of the trial Costelytra zealandica which disperses by flying was initially aggregated in paddocks with shelterbelts Heavy infestations of H arator which also disperses by flying were associated with good soil drainage Sitona lepidus which disperses by flying was evenly distributed across the trial

scholarly journals Initial establishment of the irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
T.M. Eden ◽  
S. Hardwick ◽  
C.F. Mercer ◽  
M.W.A. Slay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Microctonus Aethiopoides ◽  
Made In

Four experimental releases of the parthenogenetic strain of Microctonus aethiopoides from Ireland were made in early 2006 in the Waikato Manawatu (two sites) and Hawkes Bay By early winter establishment was confirmed at all sites with parasitism levels exceeding 10 in the target host Sitona lepidus a serious pest of white clover in New Zealand Subsequent monitoring revealed considerable betweensite variation At the Hawkes Bay and Manawatu Feilding sites where overwintering weevil adults were still present in October over 30 parasitism was found in newly emerged weevils in December 2006 In contrast at the Waikato and Manawatu Bulls sites where there was no overlap of host generations parasitism was below detectable levels during spring and early summer but recovered subsequently The Irish M aethiopoides appears to have four generations a year and diapauses over winter as a first instar larva Following the initial success releases have commenced in other regions

scholarly journals Modelling the farm scale impacts of clover root weevil herbivory

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. White ◽  
P.J. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus CRW) is a major New Zealand pasture pest This study used computer simulation and decision support modelling to simulate CRW herbivory estimate the longterm consequences on clover abundance pasture production and quality and financial implications to a typical sheep and beef farmer Three farm scenarios were explored the absence of CRW and the presence of CRW with and without additional nitrogen (N) For a hypothetical 325 ha Waikato sheep and beef farm CRW decreased mean clover abundance from 21 to 13 pasture production from 9200 to 7900 kg DM/ha/year pasture quality from 105 to 102 MJME/kg DM and N fixation from 60 to 42 kg N/ha/year This resulted in a 16 reduction in the annual gross margin However assuming current prices and costs and that an N response could be consistently achieved urea could be used to replace the reduction in N fixation without affecting profits

The bionomics of an invasive speciesSitona lepidusduring its establishment in New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard ◽  
S.L. Goldson ◽  
S. Hardwick ◽  
P.J. Addison ◽  
B.E. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Exotic Pest ◽  
Boom And Bust Cycle ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Adult Abundance

AbstractThe egg, larval, pupal and adult abundance of the clover root weevilSitona lepidusGyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was monitored at three sites for the first ten years following the discovery of this exotic pest in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The species went through an initial boom and bust cycle at two sites, with populations reaching up to 1800 larvae m−2. Thereafter, winter larval populations were relatively stable, ranging between 450–750 m−2. Unlike in the Northern Hemisphere,S. lepiduswas found to have two generations a year in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Pasture white clover content at the time of peak adult numbers was positively related to the subsequent peak larval populations for each generation. The factors contributing to the emergence ofS. lepidusas one of the most important pasture pests in New Zealand are discussed.

Pasture renovation: interactions of vegetation control with slug and insect infestations

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Herbicide Use

SUMMARYIn a field trial at Rukuhia, New Zealand, ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed was direct drilled into pasture (i) without herbicide suppression of the resident sward, (ii) with banded application of glyphosate or paraquat herbicide at drilling to remove 50% of the resident sward and (iii) after complete removal of the grass and weed components of the old sward with glyphosate or paraquat before drilling. These treatments were compared with the untreated old swards. Where the old sward was removed by herbicide before drilling, pests moved onto the drilled seedling rows, but, where herbicide was sprayed in bands over the drill rows, the pests remained in or moved into the residual bands of the old sward. Significant beneficial interactions between herbicide use and in-furrow applications of molluscicides and insecticides resulted in reductions in the numbers of pests on the seedling rows. The influence of vegetation control on the pest burden is discussed in the context of current pasture renovation practices.

scholarly journals Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) - a threat to the sustainability of white clover in New Zealand pastures?

1997 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Willoughby ◽  
P. Addison
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Clover Pasture

Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) is established in Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty provinces. A pasture survey in 1997 estimated that the rate of its spread at about 35 km annually. Adults feed on the foliage and larvae on roots and nodules of white clover. Pasture populations appear to be 10 times higher in New Zealand than in the UK. New Zealand's temperate climate and high clover content in pastures may offer a very favourable environment for S. lepidus, with serious implications for New Zealand's pastoral farming. Keywords: clover root weevil, pasture pests, Sitona lepidus, Trifolium repens, white clover

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

White clover sensitivity to UV-B radiation - biochemical relationships and interaction with drought

2003 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
R.W. Hofmann ◽  
B.D. Campbell ◽  
E.E. Swinny ◽  
S.J. Bloor ◽  
K.R. Markham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Population Comparisons ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Balance Trade

During summertime in New Zealand, white clover experiences high levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. This frequently coincides with periods of summer drought. We investigated responses to UV-B and to the combination of UV-B and drought in various white clover populations, including New Zealand cultivars and ecotypes as well as overseas germplasm. The results were obtained under controlled environmental conditions in three independent trials. Overall, white clover growth was reduced by UV-B. The population comparisons indicated that low growth rate and adaptation to other forms of stress may be related to UV-B tolerance under well-watered conditions, but not during extended periods of drought. Flavonoid pigments that are involved in stress protection were strongly increased under UV-B and were further enhanced in the combination of UV-B and drought. The responses among these flavonoids were highly specific, with more pronounced UV-B-induced increases in quercetin glycosides, compared to their closely related kaempferol counterparts. UV-B toler ance of the less productive white clover populations was linked to the accumulation of quercetin compounds. In conclusion, these studies suggest (i) that slow-growing white clover ecotypes adapted to other stresses have higher capacity for biochemical acclimation to UV-B under well-watered conditions and (ii) that these biochemical attributes may also contribute to decreased UV-B sensitivity across white clover populations under drought. The findings alert plant breeders to potential benefits of selecting productive germplasm for high levels of specific flavonoids to balance trade-offs between plant productivity and stress tolerance. Keywords: Drought, flavonoids, genetic variation, HPLC, kaempferol, quercetin, str ess, Trifolium repens L., ultraviolet-B, white clover

EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

1977 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
L.B. Anderson ◽  
B.M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

scholarly journals Dispersal and spatiotemporal distribution of Protapion fulvipes in white clover fields: implications for pest management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Hederström ◽  
Franklin N. Nyabuga ◽  
Olle Anderbrant ◽  
Glenn P. Svensson ◽  
Maj Rundlöf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Clover Seed

AbstractYield loss caused by insect pests remains a substantial problem in agriculture. Chemical control, with potential negative effects on non-target organisms, is still the main tool for pest management. For pest species with limited dispersal capacity, rotation of the crop in time and space has potential as an alternative management measure. This is particularly important in organic farming, where most agrochemicals are prohibited, but also relevant as a complementary pest management strategy in conventional agriculture. Clover is an important crop used for animal feed and as green manure; however, seed-eating weevils can severely limit the seed yield. We hypothesized that the previous year’s clover seed fields constitute the major sources of weevil pests. Consequently, a greater distance to, and a smaller pest load from, this source should reduce the number of weevils colonizing the new seed fields. To map population dynamics and dispersal range of Protapion fulvipes, an economically important seed weevil specialized on white clover, we conducted field studies over four years in 45 white clover seed fields. We found that P. fulvipes overwinters close to its source field and disperses to new fields in early spring the following year. Pest abundance increased with pest load in the previous year’s seed field, but decreased by 68% per km distance to the previous year’s field. Thus, separation of seed production fields between years by 2–3 km would create a spatiotemporal pest management tool to reduce the pest infestation below the estimated economic injury level.

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