Factors affecting germination of great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica) seeds

Great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica) invades riparian plantings in New Zealand but little is known about the factors influencing seed germination of this species, the number of seeds produced per flower or whether seed banks build up in the soil below infested sites. Dormancy-breaking treatments involving scarification and/or pre-chilling of seeds were evaluated. The effect of temperature on germination was also studied. The presence of viable seeds in capsules on vines and in the soil beneath established stands was quantified. Great bindweed seeds needed scarification but not a period of cold temperature to germinate. Germination occurred from 5oC to 25oC but germination was greater and more rapid at higher temperatures. Seed capsules contained an average of only 2.3 seeds, and the soil beneath plants had, on average, only 21.9 seeds/m2. Seeds were large with one thousand seeds weighing 43.4 g. Once the hard seed coat is broken, seeds will germinate readily at warmer times of the year, but seed production is not prolific so seeds might not be that important for spread of the species.

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Factors Affecting Seed Germination of Cadillo (Urena lobata)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-08-092.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jingjing Wang ◽

Jason Ferrell ◽

Gregory MacDonald ◽

Brent Sellers

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Wide Range ◽

Hard Seed Coat ◽

Effect Of Light

Cadillo is an invasive species commonly found in pastures, rangelands, and disturbed areas. It is becoming a significant problem weed in Florida pastures and natural areas. The objectives of this research were to determine effective techniques to break seed dormancy and the effect of light, temperature, pH, water stress, and depth of seed burial on Cadillo germination. Cadillo seeds had significant levels of innate dormancy imposed by a hard seed coat; chemical scarification was the most effective technique for removing dormancy. Seeds germinated from 15 to 40 C, with an optimal temperature of 28 C. Germination was unaffected by pH levels. Water stress below −0.2 MPa reduced seed germination. Cadillo germination was not light-dependent and seeds emerged from depths up to 9 cm, with the greatest occurring emergence near the soil surface. Considering that Cadillo seed can germinate under a wide range of environmental conditions, it is not surprising that it has become a serious invasive weed in Florida.

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Factors Affecting Seed Dormancy and Germination of Greater Bur-Parsley (Turgenia latifolia)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Author(s):

M. REZVANI ◽

S.A. SADATIAN ◽

H. NIKKHAHKOUCHAKSARAEI

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Planting Depth ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Drought And Salt Stresses

ABSTRACT: Our knowledge about seed dormancy breaking and environmental factors affecting seed germination of greater bur-parsley (Turgenia latifolia) is restricted. This study has addressed some seed dormancy breaking techniques, including different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), leaching duration, physical scarification as well as some environmental factors effective on seed germination such as salt and drought stresses, pH and seed planting depth. Seed germination was promoted with lower concentrations of KNO3 (0.01 to 0.02 g L-1), while higher concentrations reduced germination percentage. Seed dormancy was declined by low concentrations of GA3 up to 100 ppm. Seeds of greater bur-parsley germinated in a range of pH from 3 to 7. With enhancement of drought and salt stresses, seed germination decreased. Also, there was no seed germination in a high level of stresses. Seedling emergence reduced as planting depth increased. Use of GA3, KNO3, leaching and physical scarification had a positive effect on seed dormancy breaking of greater bur-parsley. The information from the study increases our knowledge about seed dormancy breaking techniques, response of germination to drought and salt stresses and also determination of distribution regions of greater bur-parsley in the future.

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Experimental seed germination for ex situ conservation of Mexican Podostemaceae

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valeria Flores-Enríquez ◽

Guillermo Castillo ◽

Margarita Collazo-Ortega

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Storage Time ◽

Light Quality ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Collection Site

Background: Podostemaceae are extremely susceptible to local extinction by habitat loss. Since ~70 % of the river systems in Mexico show some degree of water contamination, it is relevant to generate information about seed storage and germination behavior to design germplasm conservation strategies (e.g., ex situ seed banks) of Mexican podostemads.Hypotheses: Seed germination decreases as seed storage time increases. Further, light quality, temperature and collection site influence similarly the germination response of both species.Studied species: Marathrum foeniculaceum Humb. & Bonpl., Noveloa coulteriana (Tul.) C. PhilbrickStudy site and years of study: 13 different seeds collections (1996-2013), at four locations in the rivers Horcones and Arroyo del Rincon Jalisco, México. Methods: A germination chamber experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of temperature, light quality and storage time on the germination of both species.Results: Seeds lose viability after nine years of storage. In both species, the time to reach the highest Accumulated Germination Percentage (AGP) was faster in seeds of one-two yr compared to seeds of six-seven yr. N. coulteriana have significant differences in Final Germination Percentage (FGP) between collection rivers. Storage time affects AGP of N. coulteriana more than in M. foeniculaceum.Conclusions: Both species can form ex situ seed banks up to 8 yr age in paper bags storage. N. coulteriana is more susceptible to variation in storage conditions compared to M. foeniculaceum. Collection site affect seed germination after storing. Long-term conventional ex situ seed germination storage is not a viable strategy to conserve germplasm of Podostemaceae.

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Kluwek Seed (Pangium edule Reinw) Germination Response to Soaking Time and Concentration of Gibberellin Acid (GA3)

Jurnal ILMU DASAR ◽

10.19184/jid.v22i2.9437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Tri Ratnasari ◽

Daniar Alfi Ana ◽

Hari Sulistiyowati ◽

Dwi Setyati

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Immersion Time ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Soaking Time ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hard Seed Coat ◽

Range Test

Kluwek seeds (Pangium edule Reinw.) have a low germination percentage caused by dormancy due to hard seed coat. Kluwek seed germination takes about 1 month. The purpose of this study was to obtain a combination of treatments that were effective in increasing the percentage of kluwek seed germination and reducing the intensity of kluwek seed dormancy. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial design. The first factor was immersion time (H) consisting of five levels, namely H0: Control (0 hour), H1: 6 hours, H2: 12 hours, H3: 18 hours, and H4: 24 hours and the second factor was giberellin concentration (G) with five levels namely G0: 0 ppm, G1: 25 ppm, G2: 50 ppm, G3: 75 ppm and G4: 100 ppm. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (Anava) and further tested with Duncans' Multiple Range test (DMRT) at a significant level of 5%. The results obtained showed that the percentage of seed germination without immersion is 6.67%. Soaking using aquades produces an average germination percentage of 28.33%. The most effective treatment was GA3 75 ppm for 24 hours with seed germination of 60%, while the value of dormant intensity is 40%.Keywords: dormancy, germination, gibberellin, kluwek.

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Factors Affecting Seed Production in Transgenic Ethylene-insensitive Petunias

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.129.3.0401 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 401-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Donna J. Clevenger ◽

James E. Barrett ◽

Harry J. Klee ◽

David G. Clark

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Flower Senescence ◽

Paternal Effects ◽

Factors Affecting

Pollen viability, in-vivo pollen tube growth, fruit ripening, seed germination, seed weight, whole plant vigor, and natural flower senescence were investigated in homozygous and heterozygous transgenic ethylene-insensitive CaMV35S::etr1-1 petunias (Petunia ×hybrida `Mitchell Diploid'). Homozygous or heterozygous plants were used to determine any maternal and/or paternal effects of the CaMV35S::etr1-1 transgene. All experiments except for those used to determine natural flower senescence characteristics were conducted in both high and low temperature greenhouses to determine the effect of temperature stress on transgenic plants when compared to wild-type. Results indicated that ethylene-insensitive plants had a decrease in pollen viability, root dry mass, seed weight, and seed germination. Fruit ripening, seed germination, and seed weight were maternally regulated. In contrast, the CaMV35S::etr1-1 transgene is completely dominant in its effect on natural flower senescence.

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Dormancy breakage in Cercis chinensis seeds

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2019-0229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 666-673

Author(s):

Yunpeng Gao ◽

Mingwei Zhu ◽

Qiuyue Ma ◽

Shuxian Li

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Optimal Method ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Hard Seed Coat

The seeds of Cercis chinensis Bunge are important for reproduction and propagation, but strong dormancy controls their germination. To elucidate the causes of seed dormancy in C. chinensis, we investigated the permeability of the hard seed coat and the contribution of the endosperm to physical dormancy, and we examined the effect of extracts from the seed coat and endosperm. In addition, the effectiveness of scarification methods to break seed dormancy was compared. Cercis chinensis seeds exhibited physical and physiological dormancy. The hard seed coat played an important role in limiting water uptake, and the endosperm acted as a physical barrier that restricted embryo development in imbibed seeds. Germination percentage of Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt] seeds was reduced from 98% (control) to 28.3% and 56.7% with a seed-coat extract and an endosperm extract, respectively. This demonstrated that both the seed coat and endosperm contained endogenous inhibitors, but the seed-coat extract resulted in stronger inhibition. Mechanical scarification, thermal scarification, and chemical scarification had positive effects on C. chinensis seed germination. Soaking non-scarified seeds in gibberellic acid (GA3) solution did not promote germination; however, treatment with exogenous GA3 following scarification significantly improved germination. The optimal method for promoting C. chinensis seed germination was soaking scarified seeds in 500 mg·L−1 GA3 for 24 h followed by cold stratification at 5 °C for 2 mo.

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Factors Affecting Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) Seed Germination

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00040720 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 727-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

John V. Altom ◽

Don S. Murray

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Eclipta Prostrata ◽

Water Ph

Controlled environmental chamber experiments were conducted for a 14-d incubation period to measure the effect of temperature, light, light intensity, water potential, and pH on eclipta seed germination. In full light, seed germinated over a range of 10 to 35 C; however, germination was highest at 83% at 35 C. Seeds were strongly photoblastic with none germinating in the dark. Seeds germinated in light intensities between 6 and 100% of full light. Seeds germinated 78 to 88% in water potentials of 0.0, −0.1, and −0.2 MPa. In distilled water (pH ∼ 5.5) and a buffered solution pH 6 and 7, seeds germinated 85 to 89%; however, some seeds germinated in a buffered solution pH range of 5 to 8. After the first 14-d incubation period, ungerminated seeds were transferred to distilled water and incubated at 35 C in full light for 4 to 6 d as a second incubation period. Seeds germinated 89 to 96% after this second incubation period when first incubation was at temperatures 10 to 35 C in full light or darkness, light intensities 0 to 100% of full light, water potentials 0.0 to −0.8 MPa, and buffered solution pH levels of 5.5 to 7.

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Sheep rumen digestion and transmission of weedy Malva parviflora seeds

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea05285 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

P. J. Michael ◽

K. J. Steadman ◽

J. A. Plummer ◽

P. Vercoe

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Weed Management ◽

Seed Transmission ◽

Management Program ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Malva Parviflora ◽

Hard Seed Coat ◽

In Sacco

The effect of sheep digestion and mastication on Malva parviflora L. seed transmission, viability and germination was investigated. Mature M. parviflora seeds were subjected to 2 seed treatments: ‘scarified’, where the hard seed coat was manually cut to allow imbibition, and ‘unscarified’, where the hard seed coat was not cut. Seeds were placed directly into the rumen of fistulated sheep and removed at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of rumen digestion. After 12 h of in sacco exposure to digestion in the rumen, the germination of seeds that were initially scarified dropped from 99.2 to 1.4% and longer exposure periods produced no germinable seeds. In contrast, seeds that were unscarified when placed in the rumen produced over 92% germination regardless of in sacco digestion time, although manual scarification after retrieval was essential to elicit germination. In a second experiment, unscarified seeds (29 000) were fed in a single meal to fistulated sheep and feces were collected at regular intervals between 6 and 120 h after feeding. Fecal subsamples were taken to determine number of seeds excreted, seed germination on agar and seed germination from feces. Major seed excretion in the feces commenced after 12 h and continued until 144 h, with peaks between 36 and 72 h after consumption. Although mastication and gut passage killed the majority of unscarified seeds, about 20% were recovered intact and over 90% of these recovered seeds were viable and could, thus, potentially form an extensive seed bank. A few excreted seeds (1%) were able to germinate directly from feces, which increased to a maximum of 10% after subsequent dry summer storage (3 months). Through information gained in this study, there is a potential to utilise livestock in an integrated weed management program for the control of M. parviflora, provided additional measures of weed control are in place such as holding periods (>7 days) for movement of livestock from weed infested areas.

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In vitro Plant Regeneration of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.: A Threatened Medicinal Plant

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v30i1.47789 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 33-45

Author(s):

Rabbi Hoque ◽

Rita Sarah Borna ◽

M Imdadul Hoque ◽

RH Sarker

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Root Induction ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Poor Seed ◽

Seed Propagation ◽

Hard Seed Coat

Poor seed germination is the main obstacle for seed propagation of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. in nature. The high viability (83.1%) of seeds in nature and the presence of viable embryo indicate that viability is not the only reason behind poor seed germination of this valuable medicinal plant. However, to overcome the problem of poor seed propagation, an efficient protocol has been developed for R. tetraphylla. Among the various treatments the maximum rate of ex vitro seed germination (13.33%) was found when the seeds were treated with 100 ppm of GA3. Response of in vitro germination was found to vary under different conditions. Not only that the rate was much higher compared to ex vitro germination. The rate of seed germination was found to be 78% in MS without PGR (plant growth regulator) supplements, while it was 70 and 78% in cotton bed under light and dark, respectively. It was 80% in incubator at 37ºC. In R. tetraphylla the hard seed coat is regarded as one of the barriers for germination and it can be easily eliminated by removing the hard seed coat. In vitro raised plantlets were reared in nature following proper acclimatization where they produced flowers as well as seeds. Apart from the said investigation, a method for in vitro shoot formation was also developed. Best response (90.7%) towards in vitro shoot regeneration was obtained from nodal segment when they were cultured on MS supplemented with 2.2 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. It took about 10-12 days to initiate shoots. About 9.9 ± 0.87 shoots were obtained per explants and their length was recorded as 2.28 ± 0.21 cm after six weeks. Various concentrations of IBA and NAA were used for in vitro root induction, but the in vitro raised shoots did not produce roots. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 33-45, 2020 (June)

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Phenology and seed germination behaviours of some wetland macrophytes at Biratnagar, Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.3126/njbs.v6i1.41792 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Bhabindra Niroula ◽

Praju Panta

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Wetland Plants ◽

Seed Maturation ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

Number Of Seeds

Phenology, seed morphology, seed viability and germination behabiour of some wetland plants in control at moist filter paper in petridishes was carried out in wetland plants-Aeschynemone asper L. (Fabaceae); Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees exsteudel (Poaceae); Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine (Acanthaceae); Pesicaria barbatum (L.) Hara (Polygonaceae); and Rumex dentatus L. (Polygonaceae) were studied at Biratnagar. Number of seeds per gram ranged between161-12722. Viable seeds of A. asper (98%) and P. barbatum (55%) had no germination but E. unioloides had cent percent germination; H. auriculata, and Rumex dentatus showed 96% germination. A.asper and E. unioloides germinated in early rainy; spent vegetative phase up to August- September; and completed flowering, fruiting and seed maturation before winter.

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