scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПИТНИХ ВОД З РІЗНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ

2022 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
OLENA OLEKSIENKO ◽  
VITA POPOVA
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Slight Excess ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Almost All

Purpose. Monitor different sources of water supply in a particular region of Ukraine. Methodogy. To monitor the drinking water of the selected settlement of Cherkasy region, water from the water supply network (10 samples), water from the pump room (1 sample) and water from wells (26 samples) were selected and analyzed for 20 main chemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10 and DSTU 7525: 2014. Findings. It was found that tap water has a slight excess of iron and turbidity in 5 samples. The water does not contain aluminum, ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, residual amounts of free and bound chlorine and chlorination by-products. The sample of water from the pump room has a slight excess of silicon and salts of general hardness – calcium and magnesium ions. Water from the pump room in chemical composition (pH, dry matter, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates, sodium) and the content of microcomponents is very similar to tap water, it has a slightly higher "color" and "turbidity", but the content of petroleum products and iron does not exceed drinking standards. water – 0.1 mg / dm3 and 0.2 mg / dm3, respectively. In this case, well water is the most unsuitable for drinking purposes. It was found that the largest excess of normalized values in these waters was observed when determining the dry residue (up to 4 standards), hardness (up to 5 standards), nitrate concentration (up to 9 standards).Originality. Monitoring of drinking water in the selected settlement of Cherkasy region and the analysis of the suitability of tap water, pump room water and well water for drinking needs.Practical value. The peculiarities of the chemical composition of drinking water supply facilities of this settlement have been established, in particular, much attention is paid to the determination of microelements and persistent organic toxicants at the level of their maximum permissible concentrations. The analysis of the obtained results testifies that the quality of tap water and pump room meets the current hygienic standards in terms of organoleptic parameters, general mineralization, hardness, alkalinity, content of organic components, and water in almost all wells does not meet.

ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
V.V. Lapenko ◽  
L.N. Bikbulatova ◽  
E.M. Ternikova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

Interactions of 2-PPM Lead in the Water Supply with Food Deprivation upon Maze-Swimming Behavior of Mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kowalski ◽  
G. H. Parker ◽  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Food Condition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mice that had been given either tap water or 2 ppm lead in their drinking water and either severely food deprived (3 days before testing) or allowed food ad libitum demonstrated significant interactions of lead treatment by day by food condition and lead by block. Although not statistically significant, the food deprived-lead treated mice displayed more errors and longer latencies than the ad libitum-water controls. The food deprived-water controls and ad libitum-lead-treated mice displayed intermediate values. The importance of using multivariate statistical techniques that can evaluate dynamic repeated behavioral measurements is emphasized.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AND RISKS FOR THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF THE PRIMORYE TERRITORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel F. Kiku ◽  
L. V. Kislitsyna ◽  
V. D. Bogdanova ◽  
K. M. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Individual

Ntroduction. The assessment of water quality and safety of centralized water supply systems in the Primorsky Krai was carried out in order to assess hygiene levels of public health risks associated with drinking water from the distribution network. Material and methods. The data of laboratory studies on sanitary and chemical parameters in drinking water of the distribution network of the Primorsky region were used. Hygienic assessment of drinking water was carried out according to regulatory requirements, the effect of summation of biological effect was calculated. The work used methodological recommendations for calculating the index of chemical water pollution and the utility coefficient, as well as a guide for assessing the health risks of the population when exposed to chemicals of a non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic nature. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated for all potable water of centralized water supply based on the average daily intake dose and the reference dose of chemicals supplied with drinking water. The risk profile for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects was achieved by comparing exposure levels with reference concentrations (safe) for human health. The risk profile for the combined effects of chemical compounds is based on the calculation of the hazard index (HI). A study on carcinogenic risk was carried out for substances that are identified as carcinogens according to the classification of an international agency for the study of cancer. For the analysis and statistical processing of information, the program "MS Excel" was used. Results. An assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological safety of centralized systems of domestic and drinking water supply in the region showed that the highest contribution to poor health is made by the content of arsenic, nitrates, iron, silicon, and petroleum products in drinking water. According to the values of hazard indices, the skin and mucous membranes, the central nervous system, the immune system, the endocrine system, the circulatory and digestive organs are exposed to adverse effects from chemicals in drinking water. The individual carcinogenic risk ranges from negligibly small to the upper limit of acceptable carcinogenic risk. Assessment of the potable water value indicator revealed a deficit situation in calcium, sodium, fluorine and general mineralization of water. The risk assessment for arsenic, tetrachlorethylene, and chloroform, which have carcinogenic properties and are the most important pollutants of drinking water, has shown that the individual risk levels for these substances are within the first and second ranges, which corresponds to the allowable and maximum allowable risk. Discussion. Arsenic concentration in adults was found to be not detected with risks greater than one, while for children, the non-carcinogenic risk from arsenic exceeded the level of safe exposure (HQ> 1), because children are more susceptible to toxic substances due to their relatively large volume of respiration and the rate of gastrointestinal absorption (due to greater permeability of the intestinal epithelium), and also due to the immature system of detoxification enzymes and a relatively lower rate of excretion of toxic chemicals. According to the level of non-carcinogenic risk for children, nitrates follow arsenic. Nitrates have a hypoxic effect, increasing the concentration of the irreversible form of hemoglobin - methemoglobin. The toxicity of nitrates is related to their transformation into the human body into nitrosamines. As a result, the child's organism responds more sharply than in adults to the presence of chemicals in the water. The general mineralization of drinking water is one of the integral index of the quality of drinking water. Calcium and magnesium deficiency can be an independent risk factor for the development of various diseases and manifest pathologies of the cardiovascular system: coronary heart disease, hypertensive disease, myocardial infarction, etc. The tap water is known to be is not overloaded with carbonates, since they can lead to spoilage of water pipes. Therefore, to enrich the water with calcium and magnesium, the technology of creating bottled water uses mineral additives, which means that such water can become an additional source of minerals. Conclusion. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of centralized systems of domestic and drinking water supply in the Primorsky Territory has shown that the quality of drinking water depends on the concentration of arsenic, nitrates, iron, silicon and petroleum products. It should be noted that with the daily use of water from the distribution network throughout life, the likelihood of developing harmful effects on the health of adults and children is insignificant.

scholarly journals Application of model fitting technique to enhance bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) measurement for drinking water supply monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjin Xue ◽  
Christopher W. K. Chow ◽  
John van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth

Abstract The bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) method was utilised to indirectly measure the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) as an indicator for the assessment of the microbial regrowth potential in drinking water distribution systems. A model using various microbial growth parameters was developed in order to standardise the experimental interpretation for BRP measurement. This study used 82 experimental BRP data sets of water samples collected from the water treatment plant to locations (customer taps) in the distribution system. The data were used to model the BRP process (growth curve) by a data fitting procedure and to obtain a best-fitted equation. Statistical assessments and model validation for evaluating the equation obtained by fitting these 82 sets of data were conducted, and the results show average R2 values were 0.987 for treated water samples (collected at the plant prior to chlorination) and 0.983 for tap water (collected at the customer taps). The F values obtained from the F-test are all exceeded their corresponding F critical values, and the results from the t-test also showed a good outcome. These results indicate this model would be successfully applied in modelling BRP in drinking water supply systems.

Polyvalent fingerprint based molecular surveillance methods for drinking water supply systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Henne ◽  
L. Kahlisch ◽  
J. Draheim ◽  
I. Brettar ◽  
M. G. Höfle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Supply Systems

Despite the relevance for public health, surveillance of drinking water supply systems (DWSS) in Europe is mainly achieved by cultivation based detection of indicator bacteria. The study presented here demonstrates the use of molecular analysis based on fingerprints of DNA extracted from drinking water bacteria as a valuable monitoring tool of DWSS and was exemplified for a DWWS in Northern Germany. The analysis of the bacterial community of drinking water was performed by a set of 16S rRNA gene based fingerprints, sequence analysis of relevant bands and phylogenetic assignment of the 16S rRNA sequences. We assessed the microflora of drinking water originating from two reservoirs in the Harz Mountains. The taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities from both reservoirs was very different at the species level reflecting the different limnological conditions. Detailed analysis of the seasonal community dynamics of the tap water revealed a significant influence of both source waters on the composition of the microflora and demonstrated the relevance of the raw water microflora for the drinking water reaching the consumer. According to our experience, molecular analysis based on fingerprints of different degrees of resolution can be considered as a valuable monitoring tool of DWSS.

scholarly journals Assessment of carcinogenic risk from exposure to chlororganic compounds of water of systems of centralized water supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Boris I. Marchenko ◽  
Petr V. Zhuravlev ◽  
Nina K. Plugotarenko ◽  
Aleksandra I. Yuhno
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The problem of providing the population with drinking water with guaranteed quality, safety, and physiological usefulness is highly relevant for many regions of Russia. The use of chlorination for disinfection of the water is a potential cause of the formation of excess concentrations of organochlorine compounds in it, including trihalogenomethanes, which leads to elevated levels of carcinogenic risk. The study’s object was: data on the content in water of centralized water supply systems of carcinogenic organochlorine compounds - chloroform, dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane. Material and methods. information on the incidence of the population of malignant neoplasms; the results of an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the preliminary ammonization method. The paper used methods of health risk assessment, variation statistics, and mathematical modeling. Results. The use of preliminary ammonization in Taganrog prevents the formation of trihalogenomethanes and ensures the maintenance of an individual multi-route carcinogenic risk at an acceptable level (9.933 · 10-6). Systematic unreasonable hyper chlorination of river water without prior ammoniation is the main reason for the excess content of chlororganic compounds and the high level of individual carcinogenic risk in the Primorsky rural settlement of the Neklinovsky District - up to 3.234 · 10-3 in 2015. Modeling on the basis of experimental chlorination of natural water indicates the high efficiency of preliminary ammonization in the disinfection mode, which ensures the content of free total active chlorine in tap water in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 mg/l. Conclusion. The high efficiency of the application of preliminary ammonization of natural water to prevent the formation of trihalogenomethanes and reduce carcinogenic risk has been confirmed. The priority factor for the formation of excess amounts of organochlorine compounds in drinking water is its hyper chlorination. Promising measures to reduce the carcinogenic risk of trihalogenomethanes in tap water include the systematic monitoring of their content, the use of preliminary ammonization, the exact dosage of chlorine, the deep purification of the source water before chlorination, the replacement of primary chlorination with ultraviolet disinfection, and others.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in the bottled mineral water, well water and tap water from the municipal supplies

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise de Oliveira Scoaris ◽  
Fernando Cezar Bizerra ◽  
Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta ◽  
Benício Alves de Abreu Filho ◽  
Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Artesian Water ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Aeromonas sp in the bottled mineral water, well water and tap water from the municipal supplies. Positive samples were found for Aeromonas spp. 12.7% from the mineral water, 8.3% from the artesian water and 6.5% from the tap water. The recovery of Aeromonas spp. was significantly higher in the bottled mineral and artesian water than in the tap water from municipal supplies. The occurrence of the Aeromonas spp. did not correlate significantly with the contamination indicator bacteria (i.e. total coliforms) in the artesian water samples. However, a significant correlation was found between Aeromonas spp. and total coliforms in the both mineral water and tap water samples. The presence or absence of a correlation between the indicator bacteria and Aeromonas could reflect the occasional appearance of the pathogen in the drinking water and the different rates of survival and recovery of these agents compared with those fecal indicators. The finding that 41.6, 14.8 and 9.0 % of the artesian water, bottled mineral water and tap water, respectively, sampled in the current study failed to meet the Brazilian standard for total coliforms in the drinking water should therefore be of concern.

scholarly journals Many-year Dynamics and Current Trends of the Pavlovsk Reservoir Area Water Chemical Composition Changes

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Chemical Studies

At present, changes have occurred in the basin and water area of the Pavlovsky reservoir, affecting the chemical composition of the reservoir water. The combination of many factors (series of low-water years, termination of milk alloy, increase of recreational load, change of the share of diffuse contamination, etc.) do not allow to predict the modern trend of transformation of chemical composition of water. Considering that no gydro/chemical studies of Pavlovsky reservoir have been carried out in recent decades, studies of modern processes of transformation of chemical composition of this reservoir are relevant. For this purpose BashNIIVKh in 2018-2019 carried out hydro/chemical studies of the reservoir, in two years water samples were taken from the surface and from the bottom, as well as bottom deposits. In 2018 samples were taken according to 30 chemical indicators on 10 struts, and in 2019 – according to 10 chemical indicators on 7 struts. Also, the results of previous studies have been analyzed. Due to the large volume of the obtained material, this work only considered the results of studies of multi-year dynamics and modern trend of change of chemical composition of water (concentration of chemicals) in the water area of the Pavlovsky reservoir for 10 chemical indicators of water on 7 branches. Concentrations of Sr, Mn, petroleum products are shown to decrease along the length of the reservoir in the water; Increasing - Zn, Hg, phenols of organic substances; evenly distributed – Fetotal, Ptotal, Cu. In the many-year dynamics, Fetotal, Mn, petroleum products, phenols (in the inlet), COD show a trend of decrease of chemical indicators in water; Upward trend – Ptotal, Cu, Zn, phenols (in the exit). It has been established that the average annual concentrations of chemical indicators in the water of the Pavlovsky reservoir are related to the average annual inflow. The chemical values of Fe and Mn have a direct link (when the inflow increases, the concentration of the chemical index increases), and Ptotal, Cu, Zn, phenols and COD have a feedback (when the inflow increases, the concentration of the chemical index decreases).

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF USING SOURCES OF DECENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY IN THE SOUTH OF THE TOMSK REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kolubaeva ◽  
◽  
I. S. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Fe And Mn

Introduction. Sources of non-centralized water supply are the most important resource of drinking water for the population of rural areas. As a rule, water is taken from small depths, which makes it vulnerable to pollution. This type of water use is characterized by the absence of any preliminary water treatment. The constant use of groundwater for drinking can negatively affect the health of the local population since the indicators of its chemical and microbiological composition are not controlled in any way and do not always meet the quality standards. All this determines the relevance of the research conducted in the territory of the Tomsk District (Tomsk Region). Methods. Groundwater quality was assessed by comparing the concentrations of substances in the studied water samples with the background values established for the given territory in relation to Sanitary Norms and Regulations as well as microbiological indicators. Changes in the chemical and microbiological composition of the studied water, caused by economic activity, were taken as “pollution” as compared to the natural (background) state for this territory as well as sanitary and hygienic standards. Results. According to the results of studying the chemical composition of water, high levels of the following components were observed: total hardness, Na+, K+, SO42–, Cl–, NO3–, Fe, and Mn. As for NO3–, Fe, and Mn, their concentrations exceed manifold not only the background values but also the maximum allowable concentrations for drinking water. Microbiological analysis showed a large number of microorganisms from various physiological groups, which indicates a high degree of bacterial contamination of water. We present possible reasons for the input of pollutants into the water and review briefly the adverse health effects. Conclusion. In order to prevent the possible negative impact of excessive contents of various components in the chemical composition of water on the health of the local population, preliminary water treatment using available methods is recommended.

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