The Influence of Mineralogy and Cation Exchange Capacity toward Electrical Resistivity Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Izzat Shaffiq Azmi ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Khairul Abd Malik ◽  
Aziman Madun ◽  
Faizal Pakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Water Resistivity ◽  
Lower Resistivity

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a method used for subsurface profiling in soil to characterize soil thickness, fracture zones, soil saturation, salinity and groundwater based on the electrical resistivity value (ERV). There are multiple factors that influence the electrical resistivity value, such as the porosity, degree of saturation, mineralogy, density, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water resistivity. For this study, the effect of CEC towards resistivity value is studied via controlling the mineralogy factor, saturation, porosity and water resistivity. Thus, via understanding the CEC factor able to relate the resistivity and mineralogy of soil. This study is using a few common minerals in soil and rock, such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, quartz, mica, and feldspar. The particle sizes of all tested minerals were passing 0.063mm sieve. The basic index properties of minerals such as particle size distribution, specific gravity, and Atterberg limit were tested. The instruments of Terrameter LS2 and resistivity box were used to determine the resistivity value of minerals. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) machine was used to analyze the CEC of minerals via dilute with the ammonium acetate solution. The porosity and degree of saturation of minerals mixed with distill water were controlled between the range of 0.5 to 0.6 and 20% to 100%. The CEC of each mineral has different value, where the lowest and the highest minerals CEC in this study were Kaolinite and Montmorillonite at 1 and 70, respectively. The electrical resistivity values decrease with the increasing of CEC value and degree of saturation. The mineral that has higher CEC indicates lower resistivity value. Meanwhile, via increasing the degree of saturation of minerals were decrease its resistivity values.

scholarly journals Number of extractionsin determination of effective cation-exchange capacity

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The number of successive extractions with 1 M KCI needed for adequate estimation of effective cation-exchange capacity was studied with four mineral soils. The effective CEC estimated as the sum of equivalents of exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, H and Al extracted by four successive treatments ranged from 57 to 206 meq/kg soil. In three cultivated soils, 63—90 % of CEC was saturated by Ca and Mg, in the fourth soil (a deeper layer virgin soil), 60 % of CEC by exchangeable H and Al. By two successive treatments often minutes duration with 50ml of 1 M KCI, the equivalent sum of exchangeable cations extracted amounted to 83—92 % of effective CEC in cultivated soils and 67 % of that in virgin soil; >90 % of exchangeable Ca and Mg, 78—97 % of Al, 48—62 % of H and 28—64 % of Na were extracted. By three successive treatments the equivalent sum amounted to 79—96 % of effective CEC, by the single treatment of 30 minutes duration with 100ml of 1 M KCI to 57—79 %. Two successive extractions with 1 M KCI may be enough for estimation of effective CEC in cultivated mineral soils with high degree of saturation by exchangeable Ca and Mg. Soils with high degree of saturation by exchangeable acidity require three successive extractions.

scholarly journals ALTERATIONS IN ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF SANDY SOIL IN CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT BY INFLITRATION OF STILLAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto MOREIRA ◽  
José Ricardo Melges BORTOLIN ◽  
Walter MALAGUTTI FILHO ◽  
João Carlos DOURADO
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Low Resistivity

The sugar and alcohol sector represents one of the most profitable economic activities in Brazil, being ethanol one of the main products. Among the residues related to the production of ethanol, it is highlighted the stillage, a liquid substance generated in the approximate proportion of 13 liters for each liter of ethanol produced. This paper presents the results of a stillage infiltration experiment, in various proportions, through trenches in sandy soil, with the aim to evaluate possible alterations in electrical properties in the geological materials, in individual experiments, with 60L, 300L and 900L of effluent. The initial proportion was defined based on a standard stipulated by the Environmental Agency of the State of São Paulo, which considers the cation exchange capacity of the soil, while the other quantities were defined from ratios of 4 and 15 times higher than those defined by legislation. The experiment was monitored by means of electrical resistivity measurements by indirect means through the geophysical method of Electroresistivity. The data indicate the absence of alterations in electrical properties in the soil below the point of infiltration in the experiment for 60L of stillage. The data for infiltrations with 300L and 900L revealed a zone of low resistivity below the infiltration point, basically limited to the 1m layer of sandy soil and with tendency for lateral flow supported by the soil/rock interface. The results demonstrate that the infiltration of inorganic solutions, in a proportion inferior to the cation exchange capacity of the soil, does not perceptibly alter its electrical properties in studies using the geophysical method of Electro resistivity, whereas proportions that exceed natural absorption capacity are characterized by the geoelectric signature of low resistivity.

Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Ash Through an Innovative Technology to Produce Commercial Zeolite Material of High Cation Exchange Capacity

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysson Sallam ◽  
Robert P. Carnahan ◽  
Abla Zayed ◽  
Sermin Sunol
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Solid Waste Ash

Municipal solid waste ash (MSW ash) samples, obtained from a local incinerator in Florida, were converted via a chemical process into zeolite material. The conversion process was performed by applying a two step treatment. The ash samples were fused at 550°C under alkaline conditions and then the fused ash samples were treated hydro-thermally at 60 °C and 100°C for different periods. This innovative technology involves adjusting the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the ash from 13.9 to 2.5 by adding sodium aluminates and by using a solid to liquid ratio of 10. The fusion step formed sodium silicate and sodium aluminum silicate phases. These phases acted as precursors to the formation of zeolite A. Zeolite A was successfully formed within the ash matrix when samples were fused and SiO2/Al2O3 was adjusted. The maximum cation exchange capacity, CEC, was measured by using ammonium acetate solution. The CEC of the produced zeolitic ash material has increased significantly from 17 meq/100g for non-treated ash up to 212 meq/100g for the treated ash. The cation exchange capacity of the produced zeolite ash material is close to that available from commercial zeolite materials which have a CEC of 245meq/100g. Zeolite A formation within the ash matrix increased the potential of using the ash as an adsorbent for industrial and environmental applications including ammonia removal from waste water or any other similar application that involves cation exchange.

scholarly journals Cation-Exchange Capacity Distribution within Hydrothermal Systems and Its Relation to the Alteration Mineralogy and Electrical Resistivity

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Tobias Björn Weisenberger ◽  
Heimir Ingimarsson ◽  
Gylfi Páll Hersir ◽  
Ólafur G. Flóvenz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Pore Fluid ◽  
Alteration Zones ◽  
Resistivity Logs ◽  
Mineral Alteration ◽  
Fluid Conductivity

Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) measurements are widely used to quantify the smectite content in altered rocks. Within this study, we measure the CEC of drill cuttings in four wells from three different high-temperature geothermal areas in Iceland. The CEC measurements in all four wells show similar depth/temperature related pattern, and when comparing the CEC with electrical resistivity logs, we could show that the low resistivity zone coincides with CEC values >5 meq/100 g. The measurements show, in general, an exponential decrease of the CEC with increasing depth. At the facies boundary between the mixed-layer clay and epidote-chlorite zone, the CEC reaches a steady state at about 5 meq/100 g and below that it only decreases slightly within a linear trend with increasing depth. The facies boundary overlaps with the transition where the electrical resistivity logs show an increase in resistivity. It is shown that the measured CEC can be related to the clay mineral alteration within the geothermal system and the CEC reflects the smectite component within the interstratified chlorite/smectite minerals for similar alteration degree. Furthermore, CEC was measured in seven core samples from different alteration zones that had previously been studied in detail with respect to petrophysical and conductivity properties. The results show a clear correlation between CEC and the iso-electrical point, which describes the value of the pore fluid conductivity where transition from surface conductivity to pore fluid conductivity occurs. The presented study shows that the CEC within hydrothermal altered basaltic systems mimics the expandable clay mineral alteration zones and coincides with electrical logs. The presented method can, therefore, be an easy tool to quantify alteration facies within geothermal exploration and drilling projects.

Electrical Conductivities in Oil-Bearing Shaly Sands

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Waxman ◽  
L.J.M. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shaly Sand ◽  
Log Interpretation

ABSTRACT A simple physical model was used to develop an equation that relates the electrical conductivity of a water-saturated shaly sand to the water conductivity and the cation- exchange capacity per unit pore volume of the rock. This equation fits both the experimental data of Hill and Milburn and data obtained recently on selected shaly sands with a wide range of cation-exchange capacities. This model was extended to cases where both oil and water are present in the shaly sand. This results in an additional expression, relating the resistivity ratio to water saturation, water conductivity and cation-exchange capacity per unit pore volume. The effect of shale content on the resistivity index- water saturation function is demonstrated by several numerical examples. INTRODUCTION A principal aim of well logging is to provide quantitative information concerning porosity and oil saturation of the permeable formations penetrated by the borehole. For clean sands, the relationships between measured physical quantities and porosity or saturation are well known. However, the presence of clay minerals greatly complicates log interpretation, particularly the electrical resistivity and SP logs, and considerably affects evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing formations. The conductance and electrochemical behavior of shaly sands and their relation to log interpretation have been studied by many workers. Wyllie and Lynch reviewed this work in some detail. Virtually all laboratory measurements of electrical resistivity and electrochemical potential of shaly sands published to date are the work of Hill and Milburn.

EVALUASI PERUBAHAN KUALITAS TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN NIKEL DI PULAU GEBE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Evaluation Activity ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Environment Quality

Since year 1977 until 2005, PT. ANTAM has been exploited nickel ore resources at Gebe Island – Center ofHalmahera District – North Maluku Province. Mining activity, beside give economically advantages also causedegradation of environment quality espicially land quality. Therefore, it need evaluation activity for change ofland quality at Gebe Island after mining activity.From chemical rehabilitation aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indacate very lack and lackfertility (base saturated 45,87 – 99,6%; cation exchange capacity 9,43 – 12,43%; Organic Carbon 1,12 –2,31%). From availability of nutrirnt element aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indicate verylack and lack fertility (nitrogen 0,1 – 1,19%). Base on that data, it can be concluded that land reclamationactivity not yet achieve standart condition of chemical land.Key words : land quality, post mining lan

scholarly journals Attributes of the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo R. Zuba Junio ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
Altina L. Nascimento ◽  
Luiz A. Fernandes ◽  
Natália N. de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Sewage Sludge Compost ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Inceptisol cultivated with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), variety ‘BRS Energia’, fertilized with sewage sludge compost and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate. The experiment was conducted at the ICA/UFMG, in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of two doses of Ca-Mg silicate (0 and 1 t ha-1) and four doses of sewage sludge compost (0, 23.81, 47.62 and 71.43 t ha-1, on dry basis). Soil organic matter (OM), pH, sum of bases (SB), effective cation exchange capacity (CEC(t)), total cation exchange capacity (CEC(T)), base saturation (V%) and potential acidity (H + Al) were evaluated. There were no significant interactions between doses of sewage sludge compost and doses of Ca-Mg silicate on soil attributes, and no effect of silicate fertilization on these attributes. However, fertilization with sewage sludge compost promoted reduction in pH and increase in H + Al, OM and CEC. The dose of 71.43 t ha-1 of sewage sludge compost promoted the best soil chemical conditions.

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