scholarly journals Volcano observatories and monitoring activities in Guatemala

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Amilcar Roca ◽  
Edgar Roberto Mérida Boogher ◽  
Carla Maria Fernanda Chun Quinillo ◽  
Dulce María Esther González Domínguez ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Chigna Marroquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Monitoring Equipment ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Acoustic Signal Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volcano Observatories

The tectonic and volcanic environment in Guatemala is large and complex. Three major tectonic plates constantly interacting with each other, and a volcanic arc that extends from east to west in the southern part of the country, demand special attention in terms of monitoring and scientific studies. The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) is the institute in charge of executing these actions at the national and civil level.In recent years, INSIVUMEH has formed a volcanology team consisting of multi-disciplinary personnel that conducts the main volcanological monitoring and research activities. These activities include: seismic and acoustic signal analysis, evaluation and analysis of the volcanic hazards, installation and maintenance of monitoring equipment, and the socialization and dissemination of volcanic knowledge. Of all the volcanic structures in Guatemala, three volcanoes (Fuego, Pacaya, and Santiaguito) are in constant eruption and require all of the available resources (economic and human). These volcanoes present a wide range of volcanic hazards (regarding type and magnitude) that make daily monitoring a great challenge. One of the greatest goals achieved by the volcanology team has been the recent development of a Relative Threat Ranking of Guatemala Volcanoes, taking into account different parameters that allow improved planning in the future, both in monitoring and research. El ambiente tectónico y volcánico de Guatemala es extenso y complejo. Tres grandes placas tectónicas, que interactúan constantemente entre sí, y un arco volcánico, que se extiende de este a oeste en la parte sur del país, exigen especial atención en términos de monitoreo y estudios científicos. El Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) es el instituto encargado de ejecutar estas acciones a nivel nacional y civil. En los últimos años, INSIVUMEH ha formado un equipo de vulcanología conformado por personal multidisciplinario que realiza las principales actividades de seguimiento e investigación vulcanológica. Estas actividades incluyen: análisis de señales sísmicas y acústicas, evaluación y análisis de peligros volcánicos, instalación y mantenimiento de equipos de monitoreo, y socialización y difusión del conocimiento volcánico. De todas las estructuras volcánicas de Guatemala, tres volcanes (Fuego, Pacaya y Santiaguito) están en constante erupción y requieren todos los recursos disponibles (económicos y humanos). Estos volcanes presentan una amplia gama de peligros volcánicos (en cuanto a tipo y magnitud), haciendo que el monitoreo diario sea un gran desafío. Uno de los mayores logros del equipo de vulcanología ha sido el desarrollo reciente de un Ranking de Peligrosidad Relativa de los Volcanes de Guatemala, tomando en cuenta diferentes parámetros que permitan una mejor planificación en el futuro, tanto en el monitoreo como en la investigación.

Microbubble generation and trapping induced by femtosecond laser and acoustic signal analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Kun YANG ◽  
Linyan XUE ◽  
Kang YIN ◽  
Shuang LIU ◽  
Jie MENG
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Signal Analysis

scholarly journals Transfer of Plasmid DNA to Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Pathogens by Using a Unique Bacteriophage

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2481-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Bernhard Krismer ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Holger Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Barriers

ABSTRACTGenetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a uniqueStaphylococcus aureusstrain via a specificS. aureusbacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.

scholarly journals Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mancuso ◽  
Grazia Federica Bencresciuto ◽  
Stevo Lavrnić ◽  
Attilio Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

The implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) can be a suitable and sustainable approach to coping with environmental issues related to diffuse water pollution from agriculture. NBSs exploit natural mitigation processes that can promote the removal of different contaminants from agricultural wastewater, and they can also enable the recovery of otherwise lost resources (i.e., nutrients). Among these, nitrogen impacts different ecosystems, resulting in serious environmental and human health issues. Recent research activities have investigated the capability of NBS to remove nitrogen from polluted water. However, the regulating mechanisms for nitrogen removal can be complex, since a wide range of decontamination pathways, such as plant uptake, microbial degradation, substrate adsorption and filtration, precipitation, sedimentation, and volatilization, can be involved. Investigating these processes is beneficial for the enhancement of the performance of NBSs. The present study provides a comprehensive review of factors that can influence nitrogen removal in different types of NBSs, and the possible strategies for nitrogen recovery that have been reported in the literature.

Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eva Cendon ◽  
John Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Further Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Sector ◽  
The Uk

This general edition of the journal provides insights and results of research employing a wide range of approaches and perspectives on widening participation and lifelong learning. Studies from across the UK and international sector utilise different methodological approaches, and as such are particularly interesting, with diverse methods and ways of analysis, including phenomenographic, narrative, and thematic analysis. Overall, the articles range from exploratory case studies and small-scale research to wider range and broad scale studies, highlighting different facets and perspectives. Furthermore, the articles in this volume cover a broad spectrum of institutions and places involved in widening participation, with an emphasis on the (higher) education sector in the UK balanced by international perspectives. The first seven empirical articles are based on research activities in a secondary school, a youth centre, in further education colleges (usually focusing on post-compulsory secondary or pre-university education), in so-called post-92 universities (new(er) universities, formerly Polytechnics and teacher training colleges), and last but not least in a research intensive Russell Group university. They reported challenges from the specific local contexts of different regions in England, from the South (Chichester) to London to the North (Carlisle), and can usefully be framed in the context of international discussions appearing later in the journal.

scholarly journals INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: LEVELS AND WAYS OF REALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (194) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Olha Lilik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Interdisciplinary Integration

The author of article analyzes the peculiarities of the professional training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature on the base of interdisciplinary integration. Lilik O. O. explores the problem of the definition of integration in scientific literature, she describes different levels and ways of interdisciplinary integration in vocation training. The author of the article considers interdisciplinary integration within the framework of professional training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature at three levels, namely: as integration of content (level of separate disciplines (historical-literary and theoretical-literary, as well as pedagogical and methodical) and educational material); as an integration of methods of activity (ability and skills to operate with material during training, as well as further professional activity); as an integration of values ​​and worldviews (the level of personal and professional worldview of students), the result of which are formed general and professional competencies. The first way is interdisciplinary integration within the classroom (lectures, practical, and laboratory). The second way is integration within the independent work of students. The third way for interdisciplinary integration is the research activities of students, including the writing of term papers and qualifications, which can be performed at the intersection of several scientific and educational disciplines. The fourth way of implementing interdisciplinary integration is the students’ participation in additional forms of organization of the educational process - special seminars, trainings, workshops, master classes, round tables, which can be held within grant activities or be a form of self-education of future vocabulary teachers. The fifth way is educational work at the faculty or the university in general, which involves the organization of various activities. On the basis of the conducted researches Lilik O. О. comes to the conclusion that interdisciplinary integration can be a catalyst for the educational process in higher education, provide comprehensive and thorough training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature for professional activities, as it covers a wide range of issues: from theoretical knowledge and practical skills to their personal and professional worldview.

Volcanic Hazards in Southeast Asia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Nossin
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Oceanic Plates ◽  
Definition Of

Active volcanism in Southeast Asia is associated with marked zones of activity in the Earth’s crust that run through south and east Indonesia and the Philippines. These zones are also characterized by frequent earthquakes and a measurable movement of tectonic plates, often in the order of 5 cm yr−1. The underlying mechanism is that of subduction of oceanic plates below continental plates; the rigidity of the moving plates causes ruptures and shockwise adjustments (earthquakes). The oceanic plate, while being under thrust, sinks down to great depths below the continental plate and in the process loses its rigidity owing to heating and part assimilation into the underlying magma. Earthquakes are caused in the zone where the subducted plate is still rigid. Chapter 1 in this book puts this phenomenon in the regional context. Volcanism in this zone is marked by frequent eruptions, mostly violent and of an explosive nature. It is manifest in distinct belts that comprise all (or nearly all) of the Philippines, and large parts of Indonesia with the exception of, roughly speaking, Kalimantan and Papua. The violence of the eruptions poses threats to human settlements in the surroundings of the volcanoes, to the cultivated lands, and the infrastructure. These threats may occur during and after the actual eruption, and they may indirectly cause other hazards as well. Moreover, volcanoes in apparent dormancy that have not erupted in historical times may still come to life as the interval between eruptions may be very long. In the present chapter these hazards will be discussed. Natural hazards have been defined in four ways, of which the 1982 definition of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator (UNDRO) seems appropriate to follow in the context of volcanic hazards (Alexander 1993). UNDRO defines natural hazards as ‘the probability of occurrence within a specific period of time and within a given area of a potentially damaging phenomenon’. A hazard therefore may represent a situation with the possibility of a disaster that may affect the population and the environment which are in some degree of vulnerability.

1. What is geophysics?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
William Lowrie
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Deep Interior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geophysical Investigations

Geophysics is a field of earth sciences that uses the methods of physics to investigate the complex physical properties of the Earth and the natural processes that have determined and continue to govern its evolution. ‘What is geophysics?’ explains how geophysical investigations cover a wide range of research fields—including planetary gravitational and magnetic fields and seismology—extending from surface changes that can be observed from Earth-orbiting satellites to complex behaviour in the Earth’s deep interior. The timescale of processes occurring in the Earth also has a very broad range, from earthquakes lasting a few seconds to the motions of tectonic plates that take place over tens of millions of years.

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