Nicasius Ellebodius and the “otium litterarum” The Vicissitudes of a Flemish Humanist in Pozsony (1571–77)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Áron Orbán
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Academic Elite ◽  
Res Publica

Abstract This study reviews Nicasius Ellebodius’s Pozsony (today: Bratislava) period (1571–77) from a biographical and intellectual historical perspective. Ellebodius (1535–1577) was a Flemish philologist of vast erudition, one of the finest Graecists of his day. His biography and character are much less discussed in scholarship than his works, although his letters provide us with invaluable information about his life, as well as about the participation of the academic elite of 16th-century Hungary in the international res publica litteraria. The article will revisit the problem of how far he could realize the otium litterarum that he yearned for so much, and what challenges he had to face in his everyday life in Pozsony.

scholarly journals The Concept of “Internal Colonization” and Its Application in a Comparative Analysis of (Post)Soviet States

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Rasa Čepaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Political System ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Colonization

This article discusses a direction of sociocultural studies – the cultural history of natural resources – and the possibilities of its application in examining the causes of inequality and social exclusion in post-Soviet Lithuania. This theoretical-methodological approach assumes a strong interdependence shared between the extraction of natural resources, a state’s political system and institutions as well as certain sociocultural provisions. In exploring the concept of “internal colonization,” developed by historian of culture Alexander Etkind and other authors, this article sets guidelines for a comparative analysis of the sociopolitical structure of post-Soviet countries (especially Russia and Lithuania). Some initial hypotheses regarding the trends, differences, and similarities of post-Soviet societies in the long historical perspective, from the 16th century up to our time, are presented for further analysis. This article concludes that this methodological approach could be sufficiently promising in explaining the specifics of the socioeconomic development of independent Lithuania, in particular by applying the hypothesis of a “secondary internal colonization,” which has been raised during the course of the investigation.

Evolution of opera at early stages of development as a musical theater

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
Zhanbolat Zhumagazin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Dramatic Action

The opera originated in Italy. Researchers, right up to the exact date, say the time, when the first piece of music, called the opera today, was written. Nevertheless, the opera form has its own history, despite the fact that it was still a new art form at that time. The roots of this musical style go back to the musical everyday life of ancient Italian village entertainments, so-called «May» games, accompanied by songs and dramatic performances. Around the middle of the 13th century, in Umbria on the squares, people began to hold lauds, religious chants on the plots of gospel themes, which became in the next two centuries the basis for sacred performances (sacre rappresentazioni), a genre close to the mystery. In it, the music was also closely associated with the dramatic action. Thus, the opera, having arisen at the end of the 16th century as a kind of theatrical performance, accompanied by music, has its roots deep into the centuries of the Italian folk art. So, in the vocal class, it is necessary to acquaint students with the works of great composers, genres of musical art, theatrical productions and acting. At the same time, vocals, plastic, dance, acting – all this should be present in the future specialist at the highest professional level.

WORK AND GLOBALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 560-561 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Witold Morawski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
Different Parts

My aims are to analyze some aspects of work and globalization in historical perspective with the intention to better understand challenges of the recent 30-40 years of the neoliberal globalization. After the trade globalization which had connected the world in the 16th century, came the industrial one with decisive transformation of the sphere of work, for example, sending the agriculture to the margins. The globalization after 1945 is more complex, although based on technological-scientific revolutions, it has other important dimensions: geopolitical, economic (financial), social-cultural, ecological, and some of them have disturbing ramifications for the field of work. Among them I discuss the Trump rejection of neoliberal globalization which exported millions of workplaces from USA to China, the end of middle class and populist reactions. The world of work is full of uncertainty, but it looks different in different parts of the globe.

From Lullus to Cognitive Semantics

1998 ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolgang Wildgen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Memory System ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Field Linguistics ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Work Done

The domain of cognitive semantics-insofar as it deals with semantic neighborhood and semantic fields-is discussed from a historical perspective. I choose four distinct stages in the evolution in philosophy of language: Raymundus Lullus and his Ars Magna (14th century); Giodano Bruno and his artificial memory system (16th century); Charles Sanders Peirce and his diagrammatic logic (19th century); and, Kurt Lewin and his topological psychology (20th century). Their proposals furnish steps toward a kind of space-oriented model of semantic neighborhood and semantic fields. Linguistic developments since 1920 (field linguistics) and more recently in cognitive semantics are compared to the evolution in the frame of philosophy as put forth above. The result is that we criticize cognitive semantics insofar as the field does not reflect the philosophical work done since Raymundus Lullus, which is highly relevant for contemporary cognitive science.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o pleonazmach i tautologiach z perspektywy historyka języka

2021 ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Entire History

Some remarks about pleonasms and tautologies from the point of view of a historian of language Summary The problems associated with redundance constitute an object of interest among the researchers of the modern Polish language. From the point of view of a historian, all of these problems are, or perhaps “should be” crucial, for redundance is a conditio which facilitates the existence of such an entity as language – in time. However, a historical perspective which could demonstrate at least the scale of this phenomenon in the entire history of the Polish language heretofore has not been provided. The article is devoted to instances of pleonasm and tautological structures, their variability and stability. As it turns out, many of them are relatively permanent; they have functioned in the Polish language for centuries. Even though they have received criticism in e.g. dictionaries of modern Polish usage, treated as erroneous in various teaching-related publications, they continue to appear in the spoken language and in texts which represent various styles, e.g: w dniu dzisiejszym (which has been a part of the Polish lexicon since at least the 16th century), cofać się do tyłu, miesiąc kwiecień etc. This fact prompts us to re-evaluate their status.

THUS FATE KNOCKS AT THE DOOR: PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER’S ‘THE FAT KITCHEN’ AND ‘THE THIN KITCHEN’ AS A METAPHOR OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Dilshat Sánchez Harman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Pieter Bruegel ◽  
Pieter Bruegel The Elder

The engravings "The Fat Kitchen" and "The Thin Kitchen" (1563), based on drawings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (circa 1525-1569), immediately became very popular in the Netherlands and remained popular throughout the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th centuries. They were copied and served as a source of inspiration; their composition and individual motives were borrowed both in graphics and in painting. The secret of their success was a combination of an original and vivid artistic program with already known motives, tackling urgent problems of society alongside with scenes from the everyday life of peasants and ordinary townspeople that were growing ever more popular then. In this article, I show that the iconographic analysis of engravings based on drawings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder enables us to interpret them as a metaphor for social mobility. The artist shows us how a person's actions affect his social status. The engravings were designed both for those who could identify themselves with those depicted (wealthy peasants or artisans), and for those who belonged to the new bourgeois elite of the Netherlands. By placing “The Fat Kitchen” and “The Thin Kitchen” in the context of the contemporary and subsequent visual tradition and identifying iconographic borrowings, allusions and innovations, it is possible to clarify the form in which the the mid-16th century Netherlandish art expressed the values and norms of the emerging middle class.

The Consumption of Technology in Everyday Life: Car, Telephone, and Television in Sweden and America in Comparative-Historical Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Social Constructivist ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Technology And Culture ◽  
Social Shaping

This essay examines the consumption of technology in everyday life by considering three major technologies - car, telephone, and television. The argument attempts to go beyond technological determinism, which is typically not grounded in the study of everyday life, as well as beyond social shaping/social constructivist views that are tied to particular times and places, and thus unable to recognize broader and more long-term patterns of change. To make this argument, Sweden and America, two countries for which detailed evidence is available for different periods of time, including several studies of ‘typical’ small towns, are compared in historical perspective. In addition to synthesizing this evidence, the essay draws on neo-functionalist and Weberian ideas about technology and culture to argue that there is an overall pattern whereby the consumption of technology in everyday life simultaneously homogenizes leisure and sociable activities and at the same time makes them more diverse.

The Waqf of Muhammad Bey Abu Al-Dhahab in Historical Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crecelius
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Agricultural Lands

Whoever builds a mosque for God, even like the nest of a bird to lay her eggs, God will build for him an abode in paradise.1.In 1774, the Mamluk shaykh al-balad Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab began the construction of a large mosque-madrasa-takiyya in one of central Cairo's prime locations. The complex bearing the name of the donor lies within a rough triangle formed by the main gate of al-Azhar, the Khan al-Zarakisha, and the wikāla of the 16th-century Mamluk ruler Qansuh al-Ghawri and forms the most important part of Muhammad Bey's waqf. Extensive agricultural lands and urban properties were included in the waqf by the donor to support the personnel of the mosque, school, and rakiyya, to pay for the religious activities stipulated by the terms of the waqf, and for the upkeep of the buildings.

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