scholarly journals Kilka uwag o pleonazmach i tautologiach z perspektywy historyka języka

2021 ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Entire History

Some remarks about pleonasms and tautologies from the point of view of a historian of language Summary The problems associated with redundance constitute an object of interest among the researchers of the modern Polish language. From the point of view of a historian, all of these problems are, or perhaps “should be” crucial, for redundance is a conditio which facilitates the existence of such an entity as language – in time. However, a historical perspective which could demonstrate at least the scale of this phenomenon in the entire history of the Polish language heretofore has not been provided. The article is devoted to instances of pleonasm and tautological structures, their variability and stability. As it turns out, many of them are relatively permanent; they have functioned in the Polish language for centuries. Even though they have received criticism in e.g. dictionaries of modern Polish usage, treated as erroneous in various teaching-related publications, they continue to appear in the spoken language and in texts which represent various styles, e.g: w dniu dzisiejszym (which has been a part of the Polish lexicon since at least the 16th century), cofać się do tyłu, miesiąc kwiecień etc. This fact prompts us to re-evaluate their status.

scholarly journals PERIPHERAL GENRES OF CHUVASH LITERATURE: TESTAMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Валентина Владимировна Геворкян ◽  
Эдуард Валентинович Фомин ◽  
Лия Васильевна Чернова ◽  
Екатерина Романовна Якимова
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Ethnic Literature ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Frequent Episodes ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Работа посвящена осмыслению завещания как жанра чувашской художественной литературы в историческом аспекте. Анализируемые в статье тексты входят в состав классической чувашской словесности. Им посвящено значительное число научных работ, однако пока еще данные произведения не становились объектом специального рассмотрения с точки зрения жанровой специфики, которая выделяет их в одно целое. Основу завещания в первую очередь составляют инолитературные аналоги и затем - фольклорные тексты (благословения и собственно предсмертные завещания). В литературе чаще встречаются эпизоды, описывающие акт духовного завещания, в частности, в произведениях П. Хузангая, В. Митты, Е. Лисиной, но сам жанр за всю историю современной письменной культуры чувашского народа в чистом виде был реализован лишь считанное количество раз - в виде завещания чувашскому народу просветителя И. Я. Яковлева и стихотворения «Как умру…» М. Сеспеля. Отличительными чертами завещания как жанра являются императивность и высокий пафос, формируемые особыми условиями создания завещательных текстов в ожидании скорой кончины. Остальные параметры носят идиостилевой характер и варьируются в широких пределах - достаточно сказать, что имеющиеся в чувашской литературе завещания написаны в разных формах: эпической и лирической. The work is devoted to understanding the testament as a genre of the Chuvash fiction in historical perspective. The authors analyzed the texts of the Chuvash classical literature. A significant number of scientific works has been devoted to the texts of the Chuvash classical literature. However, those texts have never been investigated from the point of view of genre specificity, which distinguishes them as a whole. The testamentis primarily based on analogue ethnic literature and also on folklore texts (blessings and testaments as such). The most frequent episodes describing the testament are in the works of P. Khuzangay, V. Mitta, E. Lisina. Nevertheless, the genre itself in its pure form was implemented only a few times in the entire history of the modern written culture of the Chuvash people:in the testament to the Chuvash people by I. Yakovlev and the poem «When I die ...» by M. Sespel. The distinguishing features of the testament as a genre are the imperative and high pathos, due to the peculiar conditions for creating the texts of the testament in anticipation of impending death. Otherfeatures are individual and vary widely. The testaments in the Chuvash literature are written in different forms: epic and lyrical.

scholarly journals The School Culture Heritage of the Reformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
László Trencsényi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
College Culture ◽  
Educational Innovations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Education ◽  
The Church

Abstract On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, this essay analyses those educational innovations in the history of central European education that were introduced by the Church reform in the 16th century, following these modernizations and their further developments through the spreading of the universal school systems in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Drawing examples from the innovations in the college culture of the period, the author emphasises that those pedagogical values established in the 16th century are not only valid today, but are exemplary from the point of view of contemporary education. From these the author highlights: pupils’ autonomy (in the form of various communities), cooperation with the teachers and school management and the relative pluralism of values.

scholarly journals The Concept of “Internal Colonization” and Its Application in a Comparative Analysis of (Post)Soviet States

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Rasa Čepaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Political System ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Colonization

This article discusses a direction of sociocultural studies – the cultural history of natural resources – and the possibilities of its application in examining the causes of inequality and social exclusion in post-Soviet Lithuania. This theoretical-methodological approach assumes a strong interdependence shared between the extraction of natural resources, a state’s political system and institutions as well as certain sociocultural provisions. In exploring the concept of “internal colonization,” developed by historian of culture Alexander Etkind and other authors, this article sets guidelines for a comparative analysis of the sociopolitical structure of post-Soviet countries (especially Russia and Lithuania). Some initial hypotheses regarding the trends, differences, and similarities of post-Soviet societies in the long historical perspective, from the 16th century up to our time, are presented for further analysis. This article concludes that this methodological approach could be sufficiently promising in explaining the specifics of the socioeconomic development of independent Lithuania, in particular by applying the hypothesis of a “secondary internal colonization,” which has been raised during the course of the investigation.

scholarly journals Historical Surgical Treatments in Polish Veterinary Medicine

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Slawomir Gonkowski ◽  
Liliana Rytel ◽  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Jaroslaw Calka
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Humoral Theory ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Several methods of surgical treatments have been used in the history of Polish veterinary medicine, many of which have now been forgotten. In the present study, a review was conducted of Polish-language veterinary medicine books published from the 16th century (when the first books in Polish were printed) to the 20th century. The article contains a description of the most popular surgical methods used in animal treatment in Poland over the centuries including, among others, bloodletting, setons, fonticulus and cauterization. This article reviews historical veterinary methods and traces the development of Polish veterinary medicine from ancient cures often based on humoral theory to a modern branch of biologic science.

scholarly journals O biegunie – językoznawczo (rozważania w kontekście tytułu powieści Olgi Tokarczuk Bieguni)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Marcin Maciołek
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Insight Into

The paper contains a historical linguistic analysis of the noun biegun. It was prompted by the inflectional form of the plural nominative bieguni, the title of one of Olga Tokarczuk’s novels, a form unusual from the point of view of the contemporary Polish grammatical system. Tokarczuk used the form ending in -i, typical of masculine personal nouns, while the word biegun is commonly known to be used nowadays only in meanings that do not refer to people. This is why the paper attempts to gain insight into the semantics of the lexeme biegun in the history of the Polish language. The research carried out made it possible to determine that the examined unit used to function in many personal meanings in the past, meanings that would eventually become obsolete with the gradual lexicalization of the word biegun and in relation the appearance of its derivational synonyms in the Polish language. Tokarczuk thus revived some of the old meanings of the word biegun referring to people, and at the same time brought out new, metaphorical meanings embedded in it in potentia – thus delexicalizing the examined unit.

Jeffersonian Democracy: a Dual Tradition

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-851
Author(s):  
Charles M. Wiltse
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abstract System ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Mass

From the great mass of Jefferson's writings, letters, and public utterances, it is possible to select isolated fragments in justification of almost any course one chooses to pursue; and the history of his forty years in the service of his country offers almost as various a pattern. Taking his career and his writings as a whole, however, and piecing together from both the broad outlines of a political philosophy, one is struck by what appears to be a dual emphasis: two diverging streams of thought, which seem at first glance to be incompatible, and which have rendered the great democrat vulnerable to the charge of inconsistency so often repeated in his own day as in ours. One of these emphases, and that most apt to be quoted by campaign orators, is on individualism; but the direction and purpose of the other is socialistic.Both in the abstract system of the philosopher and in the concrete events of the world of action, time has a way of reconciling apparent contradictions. Historical perspective will do much to reveal unsuspected unities, and the point of view from which the inquiry is approached will do the rest.

scholarly journals Invasion of the Ryazan Land by Batu Khan in the 16th Century Miniatures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Чернецов
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ivan The Terrible

Статья посвящена рассмотрению серии миниатюр Лицевого летописного свода Ивана Грозного – многотомного создания книжной культуры. Анализируемые миниатюры посвящены начальному этапу монголо-татарского нашествия на русские земли – завоеванию Рязанского княжества. Особенности композиций содержат дополнительную «сверхтекстовую» информацию об отношении книжников и миниатюристов XVI в. к изображаемым событиям. На миниатюрах изображены боевые эпизоды и полевые фортификационные сооружения. Подробно отражена история осады и взятия Старой Рязани. Сцены разрушений и разграбления древнерусских городов позволяют понять, какие потери в глазах потомков представлялись наиболее важными. The paper explores a series of miniatures from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible, which is a compilation of hand-written texts in many volumes. The miniatures analyzed depict the initial stage of the Tatar and Mongol invasion of Russian lands, i. e. the capture of the Ryazan principality. Specific features of the compositions contain additional ‘supertext’ information on 16th century scribes’ and miniature painters’ attitude to portrayed events. The miniatures feature combat episodes and field fortification constructions. The history of Staraya Ryazan siege and capture is presented in details. The scenes of destruction and sacking help understand what losses and damage, from the point of view of succeeding generations, were the most significant.

scholarly journals The Notion of Disability and Related Research Terminology: Discussion Points

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Stroganov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Related Research ◽  
History Of

The history of civilization is also the history of incapacitation and the use of new artificial appliances and practices gradually introduced at every stage of humanity’s development in order to help people survive regardless of the laws of natural selection. This article considers the terminology related to the sphere of disability and bodily deviation through a historical perspective while also focusing on forms of representation and their comprehension by society. The author demonstrates that the term “deviation” serves to classify people with disabilities and forms of their representation. People with a bodily deviation can be easily portrayed from the point of view of the visual, with artistic attention to them reaching its climax between the seventeenth and the early nineteenth centuries. In such works, disabled people try to overcome the stigma and start being perceived like everyone else. Starting with the early nineteenth century, works of fiction refer to deviant sense organs. Only in the twentieth century did writers start focusing on deviant psyches and minds, which were previously associated with deviations in social behaviour. The author maintains that the terminology of disability relies on the existing universal bodily norm describing it and its deviations. A person with a bodily deviation is perceived as a disabled one when they are perceived as ‘the other’. When compared with a ‘healthy’ person, a deviant is taken as a disabled one; when considered separately, a deviant is a person with alternative possibilities. From this perspective, disability is part of a paradigm of otherness (age, gender, and nationality).

scholarly journals Między nauką a biblioteką? Profesor Józef Przyborowski, bibliotekarz Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamojskiej, i jego publikacje o dawnej literaturze i książce

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Marta Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Library Collections

In 1872 Józef Przyborowski (1823−1896) was appointed the director of the Zamoyski Family Fee Tail Library (Biblioteka Ordynacji Zamojskiej, BOZ) in Warsaw. This philologist, historian, numismatist, and archaeologist, former professor of Polish language in the Main School (Szkoła Główna) in Warsaw and the director of its Library, was an expert in the life and works of Jan Kochanowski and the 16th century prints. When working in BOZ (until his death), Przyborowski not only arranged and developed the collections of books and manuscripts, but also transformed it into a workshop for his editorial works and his studies as a historian of literature and bibliography. Przyborowski’s academical and educational publications in the periodicals, encyclopaedias and editions of Old Polish literature were popularising the knowledge of Polish history, literature, culture and library collections. The article presents Przyborowski’s publications, based on the collections of Zamoyski Family Fee Tail Library, and their importance in the history of old books and literature.

scholarly journals USING SYNTACTIC UNITS IN THE LANGUAGE OF FILM ACTORS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafayev Fizuli Najmaddin
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Large Format ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extract Information

The article is devoted to the use of syntactic units in the language of film actors. The article draws attention to various ideas and considerations regarding the use of syntactic units in all areas of the cinematic language. The reader is presented about themes, genres, style problems in Azerbaijani cinema, screen artists, large-format publishing, a variety of styles in the director’s work, various problems of cinema and theater poetry, the history of television poetry and style. The differences in some cases between the written language and its oral form, innovation, accent, facial expressions and gestures of the actors by the setting of the pavilion and the fact that the dramatic point of view of the film is conveyed to the reader only by word. Since thought is known in dialogical speech, the narrative of some members of a sentence, complex sentences requiring details are omitted. The film pavilion, structure, actor’s movements, images form the basis of the article. Readers can extract information from all this, especially since directors and actors choose syntactic units that are more suitable for spoken language. The article also provides tips from individual films and presents ideas for any explanation.

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