THUS FATE KNOCKS AT THE DOOR: PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER’S ‘THE FAT KITCHEN’ AND ‘THE THIN KITCHEN’ AS A METAPHOR OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Dilshat Sánchez Harman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Pieter Bruegel ◽  
Pieter Bruegel The Elder

The engravings "The Fat Kitchen" and "The Thin Kitchen" (1563), based on drawings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (circa 1525-1569), immediately became very popular in the Netherlands and remained popular throughout the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th centuries. They were copied and served as a source of inspiration; their composition and individual motives were borrowed both in graphics and in painting. The secret of their success was a combination of an original and vivid artistic program with already known motives, tackling urgent problems of society alongside with scenes from the everyday life of peasants and ordinary townspeople that were growing ever more popular then. In this article, I show that the iconographic analysis of engravings based on drawings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder enables us to interpret them as a metaphor for social mobility. The artist shows us how a person's actions affect his social status. The engravings were designed both for those who could identify themselves with those depicted (wealthy peasants or artisans), and for those who belonged to the new bourgeois elite of the Netherlands. By placing “The Fat Kitchen” and “The Thin Kitchen” in the context of the contemporary and subsequent visual tradition and identifying iconographic borrowings, allusions and innovations, it is possible to clarify the form in which the the mid-16th century Netherlandish art expressed the values and norms of the emerging middle class.

Bruegel's The Triumph of Death Reconsidered

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thon
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Massacre Of The Innocents ◽  
Pieter Bruegel ◽  
Pieter Bruegel The Elder ◽  
Do So

'In all his works more is always implied than is depicted.'—Abraham Ortelius, ‘Epitaph’ for Pieter BruegelIf, in a sense, all artists comment on their times, only a few do so deliberately. Pieter Bruegel the Elder is the first great example of the latter type, the artist as social observer and critic. His detailed scenes of everyday life, his illustrations of proverbs and moral lessons in contemporary settings are all well known. Recently, however, art historians have become increasingly aware of less obvious social and political overtones in Bruegel's work. Paintings from the last ten years of his life, ranging from the tiny Chained Monkeys to vast scenes like The Suicide of Saul, The Conversion of Saint Paul, and The Massacre of the Innocents, have all been interpreted as veiled but pointed commentaries on conditions and events in the Netherlands during the mid-sixteenth century. The facts of history, it appears, may be highly pertinent to Bruegel's art.

Everyman in Motion: From Bosch to Bruegel

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH LEO KOERNER
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Genre Painting ◽  
Hieronymus Bosch ◽  
The World ◽  
Pieter Bruegel ◽  
Pieter Bruegel The Elder

This chapter discusses the rise of a painting in everyday life in Northern Europe. It focuses on the representations of ‘everyman’ in the art of the early pioneers of genre painting: Pieter Bruegel the Elder and Hieronymus Bosch. It considers the figure of ‘trapping’ in these artists, as a model both of everyman's relation to the world and of the picture's relation to the viewer.

scholarly journals A travelling speculator (CIL III 1650)a glimpse of the everyday life of the principales through the window of Roman funerary art

Balcanica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Sanja Pilipovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Funerary Art ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Everyday

The focus of the paper is on the travel scene depicted on the funerary stele of L. Blassius Nigellio (CIL III 1650), a speculator of legio VII Claudia, from Viminacium. Seeking to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this scene from the everyday professional life of a Roman speculator, it draws attention to an iconographic pattern shared by a group of monuments of Roman principales (speculatores, frumentarii, beneficiarii consularis) among which the scene from Viminacium holds a very important place. It also takes a look at the origin and social status of the Upper Moesian speculator who could afford such a costly tombstone.

scholarly journals Memoirs of a socialist childhood in China: socialism, nationalism and getting ahead

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Middle Class Family ◽  
Upward Social Mobility

In this memoir, I accounted several episodes of my childhood of a middle class family in early 1990s in a Chinese urban city. Two major discourses permeated my account: the nationalism and socialism discourse and the upward social mobility discourse. While my family and I cherish the comfort and joy of everyday life enjoyed in the era of “socialism with Chinese characteristics”, the suffering past is like a ghost, peeking out behind the curtain.

Summer Retreats, Travel, and Family in the Life of František Lexa (1876–1960), The First Czechoslovak Egyptologist

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-64
Author(s):  
Adéla Jůnová Macková
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Scientific Life

The study will explore the family and the family milieu of the first Czechoslovak Egyptologist František Lexa, founder and first director of the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology, expert on Egyptian philology, especially demotic languages, and mentor of two important Egyptologists, Jaroslav Černý, professor at Oxford University, and Zbyněk Žába, professor at Charles University, Prague. The study will analyse the social status of Lexa’s family and the importance of his marriage in shaping his scientific life and consider the everyday routines of this scientist’s household, including the claims demanded by the requirements of bringing up three children. As a specific focus, we will try to introduce the everyday life of a travelling scientist, particularly during holidays spent with family abroad, and illuminate the significance of summer retreats in shaping a scientists’ familial travel experience.

scholarly journals Sufisme dan Warung Kopi: Dialog “Pengajian Sufi” dengan “Masyarakat Warung Kopi” di Yogyakarta

ESOTERIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Aflahal Misbah
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">This paper seeks to depict a reciprocal dialogue between the religious gathering of Sufism that is typical with piety and the social activities in the coffeehouse given to take pleasure and leisure occurring in one place in Yogyakarta. This depiction intends for reconsidering deeply how Sufism influences to society. Despite the gathering going on weekly, the everyday life of coffeehouse society from January to July in 2018 will present here to support the picture of dialogue. In result, there is a change of social formation in the coffeehouse by virtue of an encounter between piety and pleasure and leisure. However, this change is not as simply as Misbah (Misbah, 2018b) sketch before consisting of <em>followers (Jama’ah), coffee drinkers, and visitors. </em>It is due to the main characteristics<em> </em>of coffeehouse society that tends to be freely from what social status is, thereby becoming difficult enough to formulate precisely. Of this, there is thus a question in relation with what the harmonious landscape in coffeehouse described by Misbah (Misbah, 2018b) is completely generated from Sufism or a product of the social life of coffeehouse.</p>

scholarly journals Shaping “New Man”, Reconstructing “New Woman”: A Return to Albanian Totalitarian Socialist Past

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Aida Goga ◽  
Ardita Prendi ◽  
Brunilda Zenelaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
New Woman ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
New Man ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Education Work

The totalitarian socialist regime, which was installed in Albania in 1945, lasting until 1990, was expressed and articulated as a consistent effort led to modernism or civilization, as a kind of “social engineering” incarnated to the inner individual and society dimensions. Fighting old and traditional mentality, the totalitarian socialist countries created the infrastructure for spreading the model of the “new man” according to new principles, aiming to make everyday life productive and disciplined. Under the implementation of the “new man” approach, especially the image of woman was reconstructed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the ideal of the “new man” and “new woman” were socially constructed and how they have influenced the everyday life of people, under the totalitarian socialist regime, referring to the case of the Albania. 18 in depth semi structured interviews with woman and men from 55 until 85 years old have been conducted and the poetry and text songs of that time have been explored. The research showed that through the trinomen “education-work-tempering”, the “new man” and “new woman” was socially constructed. People’s social status, during the socialist regime in Albania influences their perceptions and their attachment to the “new man” and “new woman” portraits   Received: 4 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Robert Benchley and Dorothy Parker ‘In Broadway Playhouses’: Middlebrow Theatricality and Sophisticated Humour

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-154
Author(s):  
Catherine Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Dorothy Parker ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Independence

This essay proposes that humorists Robert Benchley and Dorothy Parker cast the middlebrow professional as a modern performer in their drama reviews and fiction. Under the sign of sophistication, their work champions individual identity and social status based on professionalism, public performance, and wit. The article traces sophistication as an ideal on the Broadway stage of the 1920s and 1930s, analyzes the skeptical personae that Benchley and Barker create in their drama reviews for middlebrow magazines, and follows the trope of performance (monologue, song, stage) in fiction by Benchley and Parker. In their drama reviews, Benchley and Parker reclaim the tonal extremes of modernist drama for the alienated middle-class professional, and they insist that even artistic avant-gardes derive their techniques from low-cultural spectacle and mass media people-pleasing. In so doing, they encouraged their readers to view themselves as consumers and producers of modern performances. In their fiction, Benchley and Parker use the roles of the beleaguered businessman and the world-weary divorcée to advocate social mobility, professional independence, and hedonistic choice over self-abnegating duty.

scholarly journals Sleep pattern in the US and 16 European countries during the COVID-19 outbreak using crowdsourced smartphone data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H Lee ◽  
Jan Marek ◽  
Petr Nálevka
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Mobility Pattern ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background To stop the spread of the new coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), many countries had completely locked down. This lockdown restricted the everyday life of the affected residents and changed their mobility pattern, but its effects on sleep pattern were largely unknown. Methods Here, utilizing one of the largest crowdsourced database (Sleep as Android), we analyzed the sleep pattern of 25 217 users with 1 352 513 sleep records between 1 January and 29 April 2020 in the US and 16 European countries (Germany, UK, Spain, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, Hungary, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Czech, Sweden, Austria, Poland and Switzerland) with more than 100 records in all days of 2020. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sleeping pattern before and after the country-level lockdown largely differed. The subjects increased their sleep duration by an average of 11.3 to 18.6 min on weekday nights, except Denmark (4.9 min) and Finland (7.1 min). In addition, subjects form all 16 European countries delayed their sleep onset from 10.7 min (Sweden) to 29.6 min (Austria). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, residents in the US and 16 European countries delayed their bedtime and slept longer than usual.

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