Specifics of functional activity of the immune system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese children with biliary dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Hrabovska ◽  
O. M. Tatarchuk ◽  
N. Y. Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objective — to evaluate functional activity of the immune system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in children with biliary dysfunction against the background of overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. At the SI «Institute Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» observations were performed on 108 children with the mean age 12.5 ± 2.51 years. Based on the results of investigation of motor and evacuator gallbladder (GB) function and body mass index, the pediatric patients were divided into three groups: group I included 52 overweight children with gallbladder hypofunction and obesity; group II consisted of 42 overweight children with normal gallbladder function and obesity; group III (comparison group) included 14 children with normal weight and biliary normokinesia. Investigations included anthropometric measurements and ultrasound imaging of the abdomen. ELISA was used to determine blood serum levels of insulin, interleukin‑6 (IL), IL‑10, tumour necrosis factor‑a (TNF‑a). Results. The following augmentation of the median levels was established when compared with group III: IL‑6 in 2.2 times (p < 0.05) and TNF‑a in 4.5 times (p < 0.05) in patients of group I, levels of IL‑6 in 2.3 times (p < 0.05) and TNF‑a in 4.3 times (p < 0.05) in patients of group II. The IL‑10 level in group I patients was lower in 2.5 times than in group II patients (p < 0.05), and in 4.4 times vs group III patients (p < 0.05). The serum insulin levels in children of groups I and II were in 2.2 times (p < 0.05) and 1.5 times (p < 0.05) lower, and HOMA‑IR index in 2.3 times (p < 0.05) and in 1.8 times (p < 0.05), respectively, in comparison with group III patients. The following blood serum levels vs group III were established: triglycerides (TG) increased in group I in 1.4 times (p < 0.001) and in group II in 1.5 times (p < 0.001); low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were increased both in I and II groups in 1.2 times, (p < 0.01) and 1.5 times, (p < 0.001), respectively. The atherogenic index (AI) raised in 1.6 times (p < 0.001) in group I patients and in 1.5 times (p < 0.05) in group II patients compared to group III, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were decreased in the I and II groups in 1.2 times (p < 0.01) in comparison with group III patients. Conclusions. Regardless of the gallbladder functional state in overweight and obese pediatric patients, the abnormalities of the immune system indices have been established and, consequently, carbohydrate metabolism disorders (increased levels of insulin and index HOMA‑IR). The lipid metabolism disturbances have been established in the overweight and obese children with gallbladder hypofunction (significant increase in the levels of TG, LDL, VLDL, AI and decreased HDL levels). Correlation analysis in the groups of overweight and obese children with gallbladder hypofunction showed the presence of significant relationships between biliary sludge and IL‑6, TNF‑a levels, gallbladder volume and insulin and glucose levels, gallbladder hypofunction and levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and as well as between the gallbladder dimensions and atherogenic index.  

scholarly journals The usefulness of melatonin supplementation in postmenopausal women with Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Chojnacki ◽  
Marta Mędrek-Socha ◽  
Paulina Konrad ◽  
Jan Chojnacki ◽  
Aleksandra Błońska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Dyspeptic syndrome in the form of epigastric pain are particularly frequent in postmenopausal women. The aim of the study was to assess the role of melatonin in chronic dyspepsia in this group of women, with consideration of Helicobacter infection.Methods The study comprised 152 subjects Including 30 healthy women (group I), 60 women with asymptomatic H.pylori infection (group II), and 64 women H. pylori infected with chronic dyspepsia (group III). Endoscopic examination, histological assessment of gastric end duodenal mucosa, urease breath test (UBT-13C), and serum levels of 17-β-estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, melatonin and urinary concentration of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were determined by immunoenzymatic method. In group III – 14-day antibacterial treatment was introduced with pantoprazole, amoxicillin and levofloxacin. Afterward, in 32 women was administered placebo(group IIIa), and in 32 women (group IIIb) melatonin at a dose 1 m/morning and 3 mg/at bedtime, for six months.Results No significant differences were assessed between serum level of female hormone. Serum level of melatonin in group I and in group II was similar – 12,5 ± 2,72pg/ml and 10,5±3,73 pg/ml (p>0,05), whereas in group III was lesser – 5,72±1,42 pg/ml (p<0,001). Eradication of H.pylori was obtained in 75,0% women in group IIIa, and in 84,3% in group IIIb (p>0,05). After 6 months dyspeptic symptoms resolved in 43,7% patients in group IIIa and in 84,3% in group IIIb (p<0,001). Conclusion Melatonin supplementation is useful to complex therapy of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia, particularly in postmenopausal women at whom secretion of this hormone is decreased.

scholarly journals Serum level of il-6 in patients of type-ii diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy: a comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529
Author(s):  
Nadeem Afzal ◽  
Rasheed Anjum ◽  
Ahmed Nadeem ◽  
Khursheed Javed ◽  
Faheem Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: Pakistan has 6.9 million people with diabetes mellitus (DM) that will be doubled by 2025. A study was designed to determine serum levels of IL-6 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: It was a cross-sectional case-control study of 212 subjects. Group-I included 30 subjects without DM, Group-II had 30 T2DM without retinopathy and Group-III had 152 T2DM with retinopathy. IL-6 was determined by ELISA technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.0.Results: More females were in Group-II (83%) and Group-III (66%) compared to Group-I (30%). Higher age was in Group-II (49yrs) and Group-III (50yrs) compared to Group-I (34yrs). Mean duration of disease (in years) was more in Group-III (10.51) than Group-II (7.76). Highest mean level of IL-6 was in Group-II, followed by Group-I and Group-III. On comparison, gender, age, duration of disease and the level of IL-6, there was a significant difference while there was no significant difference between percentages of HbA1c. The logistic regression model suggested low levels of IL-6 in patients of diabetic retinopathy was an independent predictor of retinopathy in patients with T2DM.Conclusion: Serum level of IL-6 was low in patients of diabetic retinopathopathy as compared to patients with T2DM without retinopathy.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.525-529

Altered Leydig cell function in patients with testicular cancer: evidence for a bilateral testicular defect

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. B. Willemse ◽  
D. Th. Sleijfer ◽  
W. J. Sluiter ◽  
H. Schraffordt Koops ◽  
H. Doorenbos
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Testicular Carcinoma ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

Abstract. In search of an abnormality in Leydig cell function in patients with testicular cancer, serum levels of testosterone, oestradiol, LH and FSH were compared in 3 groups of men. Group I comprised 26 patients studied after recent orchidectomy for a testicular carcinoma, group II 8 patients operated for benign testicular lesions and group III 8 normal controls. In group II normal testosterone values were found as a result of increased LH release. In group I patients, however, testosterone levels often were low, despite elevated LH levels and increased LH capacity. Evidently, in these patients a partial Leydig cell insufficiency may be present, which does not recover within one year of orchidectomy. After removal of one testis for benign disease, normal testosterone levels are maintained by increased LH levels. After orchidectomy for testicular carcinoma a partial Leydig cell insufficiency may be revealed, which seems to have a permanent character. A pre-existent Leydig cell insufficiency of the remaining testis in patients with testicular cancer indicates a bilateral testicular defect.

scholarly journals Immune and metabolic beneficial effects of Beta 1,3-1,6 glucans produced by two novel strains of Aureobasidium pullulans in healthy middle-aged Japanese men: An exploratory study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobunao Ikewaki ◽  
Tohru Sonoda ◽  
Gene Kurosawa ◽  
Masaru Iwasaki ◽  
Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immune Enhancement ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Imbalances in glucose and lipid metabolism in the background of a declining immune system, along with aging, make one prone to glucolipotoxicity-related diseases such as hepatic steatosis and to high risk of infection-related mortality, as with COVID-19, warranting a safe prophylactic measure to help regulate both metabolism and the immune system. Based on the beneficial effects of the AFO-202 strain of black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans-produced beta 1,3-1,6 glucan in balancing of blood glucose and immune enhancement, and that of the N-163 strain of the same species in lipid metabolism and immune modulation, in this pilot study, we have evaluated their specific benefits in healthy human subjects. Methods: Sixteen healthy Japanese male volunteers (aged 40 to 60 years) took part in this clinical trial. They were divided into four groups (n = 4 each): Group I consumed AFO-202 beta glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each per day), IA for 35 days and IB for 21 days; Group II consumed a combination of AFO-202 beta glucan (2 sachets of 1 g each) and N-163 beta glucan (1 sachet of 15 g gel each per day), IIA for 35 days and IIB for 21 days. Investigations for immune stimulation, anti-glycaemic, and anti-cholesterolemia biomarkers were undertaken in all four groups. Results: In terms of metabolic control of glucose, the decrease in HbA1C and glycated albumin (GA) was significantly better in Group I compared with the other groups. Immune enhancement in terms of a significant increase of eosinophils and monocytes and marginal decrease in D-dimer levels, decrease in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), with an increase in the lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) and leukocyte-to-CRP ratio (LeCR) was observed in Group I. Regulation of lipids by decrease in total and LDL cholesterol was better in Group II, and immunomodulation of coagulation-associated and anti-inflammatory markers by a decrease of CD11b, serum ferritin, galectin-3, fibrinogen was profound in Group II. Conclusion: A. pullulans, a polythermotolerant black yeast - produced AFO-202 beta glucan has balanced blood glucose with marginal immune enhancement in healthy individuals, which when combined with N-163 beta glucan, balanced the lipid profile and immunomodulation. This outcome warrants larger clinical trials to understand the mechanisms and explore the potentials of these safe food supplements in prevention and prophylaxis of diseases due to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, such as fatty liver disease, and infections such as COVID-19 in which a balanced immune activation and immunomodulation are of utmost importance, besides their administration as an adjunct to existing therapeutic approaches of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals The Effects of Armillarisin A on Serum IL-1β and IL-4 and in Treating Ulcerative Colitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wu ◽  
Yonggao Guo ◽  
Fangyuan Jia ◽  
Xiuli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract To study the therapeutic effect of Armillarisin A on patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and on serum IL-1β and IL-4, sixty patients with UC were randomly divided into three groups: Armillarisin A treatment group (Group I), Armillarisin-combined hormone therapy group (Group II), and hormones treatment as the control group (Group III). Patients in Group I received Armillarisin A 10 mg enema in 100 ml saline. Patients in Group II received Armillarisin A 10 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg enema in 100 ml saline. Patients in Group III received only dexamethasone 5 mg enema in 100 ml saline. The therapeutic efficacy and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-1β were observed. After 4 week treatment, the total effective rates were 90.0 % in Group I and 95.0 % in Group II. Both are higher than it in control group, which was 70.0 %. The serum levels of IL-4 in Groups I and II were significantly higher than it in control group. Compared to IL-4 levels before treatment, the levels of IL-4 after treatment were significantly higher in both Groups I and II. The serum levels of IL-11β were significantly decreased in Groups I and II in comparison to it in control group. Compared to the levels of IL-1β before treatment, the levels of IL-1β were significantly decreased. Armillarisin A shows a significant effect in treating UC. It helps increase IL-4 and lower IL-1β and the mechanism may be related to the body’s immunity regulation.

scholarly journals The usefulness of melatonin supplementation in postmenopausal women with Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Chojnacki ◽  
Marta Mędrek-Socha ◽  
Paulina Konrad ◽  
Jan Chojnacki ◽  
Aleksandra Błońska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background Dyspeptic syndrome in the form of epigastric pain are particularly frequent in postmenopausal women. The aim of the study was to assess the role of melatonin in chronic dyspepsia in this group of women, with consideration of Helicobacter infection.Methods The study comprised 152 subjects including 30 healthy women (group I), 60 women with asymptomatic H.pylori infection (group II), and 64 women H. pylori infected with chronic dyspepsia (group III). Endoscopic examination, histological assessment of gastric end duodenal mucosa, urease breath test (UBT-13C), and serum levels of 17-β-estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, melatonin and urinary concentration of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were determined by immunoenzymatic method. In group III – 14-day antibacterial treatment was introduced with pantoprazole, amoxicillin and levofloxacin. Afterward, in 32 women was administered placebo (group IIIa), and in 32 women (group IIIb) melatonin at a dose 1 mg/morning and 3 mg/at bedtime, for six months.Results No significant differences were assessed between serum level of female hormone. Serum level of melatonin in group I and in group II was similar – 12,5 ± 2,72pg/ml and 10,5±3,73 pg/ml (p>0,05), whereas in group III it was lesser – 5,72±1,42 pg/ml (p<0,001). Eradication of H.pylori was obtained in 75,0% women in group IIIa, and in 84,3% in group IIIb (p>0,05). After 6 months dyspeptic symptoms resolved in 43,7% patients in group IIIa and in 84,3% in group IIIb (p<0,001).Conclusion Melatonin supplementation is useful to complex therapy of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia, particularly in postmenopausal women at whom secretion of this hormone is decreased.Trial registration: NCT04352062, date of registration: 15.04.2020.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 098
Author(s):  
Cem Arıtürk ◽  
Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽  
Behiç Danışan ◽  
Hasan Karabulut ◽  
Fevzi Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Background:</strong> The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO<sub>2</sub>) to reach hyperoxemic levels (&gt;180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO<sub>2</sub> levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO<sub>2</sub> during cardiac surgery.</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods:</strong> After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO<sub>2</sub> adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO<sub>2</sub> levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean PaO<sub>2</sub> was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (<em>P</em> = .0001 and <em>P</em> = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (<em>P</em> = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 <br /> (<em>P</em> = .0001 for all). </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjustment of FiO<sub>2</sub> according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO<sub>2</sub> between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in concordance with the body temperature in the <br /> rewarming period.</span></p>

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

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