scholarly journals Study on digestive tract contents of fish : Preliminary step for identification of indigenous species in mosquito larval control

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
N. Pemola Devi ◽  
R. K. Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Larval Control ◽  
Larvivorous Fish ◽  
Selection Of

The present study is based on screening of food preference by the indigenous fish under its natural condition. The gastrointestinal contents as an indicative of effective bioregulatory activity envisage the selection of a larvivorous fish. As many as 32 species of fishes were collected from their natural habitats at Imphal and Bishenpur districts in Manipur State between August 2007 to February 2008. Faecal drops of active fishes revealed remains of larvae / pupae of mosquitoes. However, the food types in 26 species of fish comprised larvae / pupae of mosquito, algae, weeds, tadepole fishes, crustaceans, insects, gastropods, worms and detritus / debris. On the basis of food preference Aplocheilus panchax, Polyacanthus fasciatus and Puntius manipurensis have been considered as most potent larvivorous fish of the study area.

scholarly journals Water-use dynamics of an alien-invaded riparian forest within the Mediterranean climate zone of the Western Cape, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4551-4562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Scott-Shaw ◽  
Colin S. Everson ◽  
Alistair D. Clulow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In South Africa, the invasion of riparian forests by alien trees has the potential to affect the country's limited water resources. Tree water-use measurements have therefore become an important component of recent hydrological studies. It is difficult for South African government initiatives, such as the Working for Water (WfW) alien clearing program, to justify alien tree removal and implement rehabilitation unless hydrological benefits are known. Consequently, water use within a riparian forest along the Buffeljags River in the Western Cape of South Africa was monitored over a 3-year period. The site consisted of an indigenous stand of Western Cape afrotemperate forest adjacent to a large stand of introduced Acacia mearnsii. The heat ratio method of the heat pulse velocity sap flow technique was used to measure the sap flow of a selection of indigenous species in the indigenous stand, a selection of A. mearnsii trees in the alien stand and two clusters of indigenous species within the alien stand. The indigenous trees in the alien stand at Buffeljags River showed significant intraspecific differences in the daily sap flow rates varying from 15 to 32 L day−1 in summer (sap flow being directly proportional to tree size). In winter (June), this was reduced to only 7 L day−1 when limited energy was available to drive the transpiration process. The water use in the A. mearnsii trees showed peaks in transpiration during the months of March 2012, September 2012 and February 2013. These periods had high average temperatures, rainfall and high daily vapor pressure deficits (VPDs – average of 1.26 kPa). The average daily sap flow ranged from 25 to 35 L in summer and approximately 10 L in the winter. The combined accumulated daily sap flow per year for the three Vepris lanceolata and three A. mearnsii trees was 5700 and 9200 L, respectively, clearly demonstrating the higher water use of the introduced Acacia trees during the winter months. After spatially upscaling the findings, it was concluded that, annually, the alien stand used nearly 6 times more water per unit area than the indigenous stand (585 mm a−1 compared to 101 mm a−1). This finding indicates that there would be a gain in groundwater recharge and/or streamflow if the alien species are removed from riparian forests and rehabilitated back to their natural state.

scholarly journals A Framework for Compiling Quantifications of Marine Biosecurity Risk Factors Associated With Common Vessel Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi W. Tzeng ◽  
Oliver Floerl ◽  
Anastasija Zaiko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Selection Of

Globally, movements of commercial vessels can facilitate the spread of marine non-indigenous species (NIS) beyond their current biogeographic ranges. Authorities at potential destination locations employ a number of biosecurity risk assessment strategies to estimate threat levels from potential origin locations, vulnerability levels of specific destination regions, or the consequences of successful establishment of particular NIS species. Among the many factors and processes that have an influence on the probability that NIS will survive transport and establish successfully at new locations, vessel type has been identified as an important risk factor. Different vessel types have different structural and operational characteristics that affect their overall level of marine biosecurity risk. Several recent studies have examined subsets of vessel types or vessel characteristics for their ability to spread NIS. While high-quality information is available via these endeavors, it is fragmented and not readily available as an integrated resource to support biosecurity regulators or other end-users. In this study, we synthesize available empirical data on a wide range of vessel types and characteristics to develop a framework that allows systematic quantification of the relative risk of NIS transfer by common commercial vessel types. We explain our approach for constructing the framework, from selection of key risk factors for inclusion, to selection of which datasets to use for those risk factors. The framework output is a set of risk scores which denote the relative biosecurity risk of common commercial vessel types. To demonstrate a potential application of our framework, we applied the risk scores to vessel visit data for commercial ports around New Zealand and assigned a relative risk level per port based on the arrival frequencies of different vessel types. The resulting per-port risk levels matched closely with the results of a prior benchmark study that employed state-of-the-art risk modeling approaches. Our framework is based on globally relevant data, is simple to implement, and is adaptable as new empirical information arises. It can serve as a simple tool to determine the relative levels of vessel-related biosecurity risk associated with geographic shipping hubs, or it can be used as a vessel-specific “risk mask” for maritime transport models. It can be applied to any scientific or policy question that requires information on vessel type differences in relation to marine biosecurity risk.

Preferential analysis of street food amongst the foreign tourists: a case of Delhi region

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Kavita Khanna ◽  
Raj Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and analyse the street food preferences of foreign tourists in Delhi. It will also try to find out the reasons for the selection of these foods by the tourists. Design/methodology/approach The data collection was done from 670 foreign tourists at the departure gates of Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. This study involved location intercept technique through face-to-face interviews and filling of structured questionnaire for taking the responses. The street food preference of the tourists is analysed using analytical hierarchy process model. Findings This study identified 17 street foods which were amongst the most preferred by the foreign tourist, with chicken tikka being the most favoured and paddu being least preferred. It was also found that tourists usually prefer street foods which are mild in taste and are hygienically prepared. Practical implications This study suggests that Indian street food presents a huge market for the foreign tourists that needs to be nurtured. It will help the stakeholders in the street food businesses in Delhi to devise strategies to promote food tourism, modify and align tourism products, enhance farming techniques and ultimately improve the destination image and branding of the place. Originality/value This is the first attempt to try to explore tourists’ street food preference and will help in maximising the influx of foreign tourists, as the concept of culinary tourism is on rise in India.

scholarly journals Selection of Lactobacillus fermentum strains able to durably colonize the digestive tract of mice harboring a complex human flora

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hautefort ◽  
A Roels ◽  
P Tailliez ◽  
M Ladiré ◽  
P Raibaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Human Flora ◽  
Selection Of

Probiotics conventional benefits and cautions in intake- A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Priya Sugandhi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Studies

Probiotics are friendly bacteria benefit the health which occur naturally in the digestive tract of human beings. Prebiotics, act as ‘food’ for these beneficial probiotic bacteria, promoting their activity. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are widely used probiotics which generally regarded as safe. They are adhesive to mucosal and epithelial surfaces and enhance immunity by preventing pathogen adhesion in the digestive system. Although infections with probiotics are very rare, few research studies have been reported in children and also in elderly suffering from diseases due to supplementation of few types of species which may be due to immunodeficiency and immunosuppression. The familiarity of probiotics is still uncertain in many and they doubt whether to consume or not. This review provides the information based on research studies and gives clarity on the intake of probiotics. However, caution need to be exercised in the selection of genus and strains of particular probiotics genera.

scholarly journals Host Selection of Symbiotic Cyanobacteria in 31 Species of the Australian Cycad Genus: Macrozamia (Zamiaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Gehringer ◽  
Jasper J. L. Pengelly ◽  
William S. Cuddy ◽  
Claus Fieker ◽  
Paul I. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Selection Of

The nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc is a commonly occurring terrestrial and aquatic cyanobacterium often found in symbiosis with a wide range of plant, algal, and fungal species. We investigated the diversity of cyanobacterial species occurring within the coralloid roots of different Macrozamia cycad species at diverse locations throughout Australia. In all, 74 coralloid root samples were processed and 56 endosymbiotic cyanobacteria were cultured. DNA was isolated from unialgal cultures and a segment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Microscopic analysis was performed on representative isolates. Twenty-two cyanobacterial species were identified, comprising mostly Nostoc spp. and a Calothrix sp. No correlation was observed between a cycad species and its resident cyanobiont species. The predominant cyanobacterium isolated from 18 root samples occurred over a diverse range of environmental conditions and within 14 different Macrozamia spp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that endosymbionts were not restricted to previously described terrestrial species. An isolate clustering with Nostoc PCC7120, an aquatic strain, was identified. This is the first comprehensive study to identify the endosymbionts within a cycad genus using samples obtained from their natural habitats. These results indicate that there is negligible host specialization of cyanobacterial endosymbionts within the cycad genus Macrozamia in the wild.

Influence of morphological, chemical and physical leaf traits on food selection of a herbivorous iguana from The Bahamas

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Knapp ◽  
Silvia Alvarez-Clare
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Leaf Toughness ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract:Herbivores are predicted to forage on a variety of plants in order to obtain a nutritionally sufficient diet. Most herbivores, however, forage non-randomly and may be influenced by morphological, chemical and physical traits in their food. We examined the influence of several leaf traits on food selection for the Exuma rock iguana (Cyclura cychlura figginsi). We expected the iguana to prefer leaves with higher nutrient concentration and lower physical defences, such as reflected by high N, P, Ca, K, Mg concentrations and low leaf density and per cent concentrations of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively. We quantified selection by examining 30 faecal samples and analysing traits of leaves from the 10 most common plants on the island. Our results showed substantial variability in all measured traits among species but food preference only for less-dense leaves, a good indicator of low leaf toughness. Our results are the first to demonstrate that physical leaf traits can influence food selection in a true herbivorous lizard and offer a basis for future testing.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonistic Effect of Gut Bacteriota Isolated from Indigenous Honey Bees and Essential Oils against Paenibacillus Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Margarita Terentjeva ◽  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of study was to isolate and identify the gut bacteria of Apis mellifera and to evaluate antagonistic effect of the bacteriota against Paenibacillus larvae, which causes American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees. The dilution plating method was used for the quantification of selected microbial groups from digestive tract of bees, with an emphasis on the bacteriota of the bees’ intestines. Bacteria were identified using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS Biotyper). Overall, five classes, 27 genera and 66 species of bacteria were identified. Genera Lactobacillus (10 species) and Bacillus (8 species) were the most abundant. Gram-negative bacteria were represented with 16 genera, whereas Gram-positive with 10 genera. Delftia acidovorans and Escherichia coli were the most abundant in the digestive tract of honey bee. Resistance to a selection of antimicrobials was assessed for the bacterial isolates from bee gut and confirmed against all antimicrobials included in the study, with the exception of cefepime. Lactobacillus spp., especially L. kunkeei, L. crispatus and L. acidophilus. showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against P. larvae, the causal pathogen of AFB. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against isolated bacteria and two isolates of P. larvae were assessed. Application of a broad selection of plant essential oils indicated that Thymus vulgaris had the highest antimicrobial activity against P. larvae.

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