scholarly journals Compatibility of fungal bioagent for bacterial leaf blight of rice with chemical pesticides, commonly used in rice cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokil Prasad Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Though the pesticides have adverse effects but they still are very important in crop protection. Hence, present study on compatibility of fungal bioagent (Trichoderma harzianum) of bacterial leaf blight of rice with chemical pesticides which are commonly used in rice cultivation was carried out with aim to look the possibilities of integrating biological control with chemical control to manage bacterial leaf blight of rice effectively. All the chemical pesticides (fungicides, antibiotic, insecticides and herbicides) exhibited varying adverse effect on mycelial growth of T. harzianum but none of these was antisporulant. Among fungicides and antibiotic, copper oxychloride and streptocycline was compatible with T. harzianum at all concentrations (2000, 1000, 500 and 250 ppm) but mancozeb exhibited compatibility only on lower concentrations (500 and 250 ppm). All insecticides and herbicides were compatible with T. harzianum at all concentrations (2000, 1000, 500 and 250 ppm). Further studies are required in this area of research.

Chemical Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Singh ◽  
B. Das ◽  
K. M. Ahmed ◽  
V. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight

MICROBIAL CONTROL AND INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Lacey ◽  
James D. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Insect Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Although chemical pesticides are still the principle component of pest control efforts, microbial control agents are increasingly becoming useful in IPM programs. This paper reviews the mechanisms through which pathogens could be used in such programs. In general the strategies of introduction (inoculative or inundative), augmentation, and conservation, recognized for achieving biological control of pests with parasites and predators, are applicable to insect pathogens. Examples of these strategies for microbial control agents and their integration with cultural and chemical control methods in agricultural systems and public health programs are presented.

scholarly journals Biological control in crop protection: Problems and perspectives

Pesticidi ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Filajdic ◽  
Petar Vuksa ◽  
Mirko Ivanovic ◽  
Emil Rekanovic
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The idea of fighting pathogens, pests, and weeds by biological measures is not new. Only recently, however, has the need for this aspect of crop protection and related bioproducts arisen. Increasingly stricter legislation concerning pesticides and new information about their potential harmfulness have narrowed the scope of products, offered by large agrochemical companies, thus reducing the prospects of successful and profitable crop protection. In addition, there has been a high risk of resistance of harmful organisms to classical pesticides which throws new light on problems that the industry of chemical pesticides encounters. The control of harmful insects by bioproducts has been a matter of utmost interest, mainly due to a relative success of products, based on Bacillus thuringiensis. However there has been a few more successful attempts of developing biological fungicides, nematocides, and herbicides in the last decade. Still, crop protection products, based on living organisms, represent a small portion of total pesticide industry which amounts to approximately 32 billion dollars per year (Warrior, 2000). The majority of living organisms, been investigated with purpose of biological control, belongs to fungi, bacteria, or arthropods. Commercially, the number of those applied in biopesticides is small, especially because of limitations, imposed on reproduction and stability of organisms in storage and formulation of biopesticides. The aim of this paper is to describe the status of biological control in crop protection, problems encountered, and perspectives of its future development.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Cocoyam and Characterisation of the Causal Organism in Northern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. Abdullahi ◽  
S. E. L. Alao ◽  
O. O. Banwo ◽  
O. Alabi ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Rdna Gene

Aim: To determine the occurrence of bacterial leaf blight of cocoyam and to characterize isolates of the causal organism in Northern Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in cocoyam farmers’ fields in Kaduna and Kano States, Department of Crop Protection, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria and the Mississippi State University, USA in 2015. Methodology: Field surveys were conducted in Kaduna and Kano States of northern Nigeria to determine occurrence of bacterial leaf blight of cocoyam. Sampling was done using quadrat. Incidence and severity of the disease was assessed on the field. Bacterial isolates obtained from the diseased samples were used for pathogenicity and hypersensitive reaction (HR) tests. Biochemical tests such as Gram, catalase, oxidase, pectolytic, amylolytic and production of acid from glycerol were carried out on the isolates. A nearly full length of the 16S rDNA gene of selected isolates was PCR amplified using 16S rRNA primers. The resulting amplicons were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The 16S rDNA gene sequences were aligned along with other Xanthomonas sequences imported from the NCBI database using muscle tool from MEGA6. Results: The results showed Kaduna State had higher incidence and severity (50.2%, 13.5%) than Kano State (20.5%, 5.1%) and that bacterial isolates induced blight symptoms on cocoyam and elicited HR reactions on tobacco. Isolates were Gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase negative, amylolytic, pectolytic and produced no acids from glycerol. BLAST search of sequenced genes showed 98-100% homology to Xad. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees constructed for the 16S rDNA gene sequences revealed isolates were identical to the Xad reference strains KP247494, KM576803 and EU203153. Generally, all the isolates obtained were Xad. Conclusion: Bacterial leaf blight of cocoyam occurred in Kaduna and Kano States and the bacterial isolates were identical to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae.

scholarly journals Characterization of New Races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Mali Informs Resistance Gene Deployment

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
C. Tekete ◽  
S. Cunnac ◽  
H. Doucouré ◽  
M. Dembele ◽  
I. Keita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
New Races

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae represents a severe threat to rice cultivation in Mali. Characterizing the pathotypic diversity of bacterial populations is key to the management of pathogen-resistant varieties. Forty-one X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates were collected between 2010 and 2013 in the major rice growing regions in Mali. All isolates were virulent on the susceptible rice variety Azucena; evaluation of the isolates on 12 near isogenic rice lines, each carrying a single resistance gene, identified six new races (A4 to A9) and confirmed race A3 that was previously reported in Mali. Races A5 and A6, isolated in Office du Niger and Sélingué, were the most prevalent races in Mali. Race A9 was the most virulent, circumventing all of the resistance genes tested. Xa3 controlled six of seven races (i.e., 89% of the isolates tested). The expansion of race A9 represents a major risk to rice cultivation and highlights the urgent need to identify a local source of resistance. We selected 14 isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae representative of the most prevalent races to evaluate 29 rice varieties grown by farmers in Mali. Six isolates showed a high level of resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae and were then screened with a larger collection of isolates. Based on the interactions among the six varieties and the X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates, we characterized eight different pathotypes (P1 to P8). Two rice varieties, SK20-28 and Gigante, effectively controlled all of the isolates tested. The low association observed among races and pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae suggests that the resistance observed in the local rice varieties does not simply rely on single known Xa genes. X. oryzae pv. oryzae is pathogenically and geographically diverse. Both the races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae characterized in this study and the identification of sources of resistance in local rice varieties provide useful information to inform the design of effective breeding programs for resistance to bacterial leaf blight in Mali.

Evaluation of Improvement Effect of Restorer Lines on Pyramiding Genes Re-sistant to Rice Blast, Bacterial Leaf Blight and Brown Planthopper

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue LOU ◽  
Wen-Qing YANG ◽  
Zhong-Xing LI ◽  
Tian-Kuan LUO ◽  
Yong-Chu XIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Improvement Effect
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