Chemical Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Paddy Caused by Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Oryzae

1987 ◽  
pp. 955-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight

scholarly journals Compatibility of fungal bioagent for bacterial leaf blight of rice with chemical pesticides, commonly used in rice cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokil Prasad Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Though the pesticides have adverse effects but they still are very important in crop protection. Hence, present study on compatibility of fungal bioagent (Trichoderma harzianum) of bacterial leaf blight of rice with chemical pesticides which are commonly used in rice cultivation was carried out with aim to look the possibilities of integrating biological control with chemical control to manage bacterial leaf blight of rice effectively. All the chemical pesticides (fungicides, antibiotic, insecticides and herbicides) exhibited varying adverse effect on mycelial growth of T. harzianum but none of these was antisporulant. Among fungicides and antibiotic, copper oxychloride and streptocycline was compatible with T. harzianum at all concentrations (2000, 1000, 500 and 250 ppm) but mancozeb exhibited compatibility only on lower concentrations (500 and 250 ppm). All insecticides and herbicides were compatible with T. harzianum at all concentrations (2000, 1000, 500 and 250 ppm). Further studies are required in this area of research.

scholarly journals Development of PCR-Based Assays for Detecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae, the Carrot Bacterial Leaf Blight Pathogen, from Different Substrates

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. Meng ◽  
K. C. Umesh ◽  
R. M. Davis ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Detection of the carrot bacterial leaf blight pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae, was achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) along with primer pairs developed from sequences of cloned random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. Primer pairs 3S and 9B directed the amplification of ∼350-bp and ∼900-bp (or ∼2 kb) DNA fragments, respectively, from genomic DNA of all known X. campestris pv. carotae strains tested, but not from that of 13 other X. campestris pathovars or other bacterial species, including yellow non-xanthomonad bacteria isolated from carrot tissues and seeds. In tests conducted with an extensive collection of X. campestris pv. carotae-like strains isolated from different substrates from California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Canada, the 3S primer pair directed the amplification of the ∼350-bp target fragment from all strains. These results indicated that the 3S primer pair is highly specific for X. campestris pv. carotae detection. Using the 3S primer pair, PCR assays were developed for detection of X. campestris pv. carotae from colonies on agar media, carrot leaf and stem tissues, and seeds. These tests could be performed in a single day. The PCR-based seed assay detected X. campestris pv. carotae from lots with contamination rates ranging from 2 × 102 to 2.3 × 108 CFU per gram of seed. This assay gave results similar to a seed-wash dilution plating assay and proved more sensitive than an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based assay.

Chemical Control of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Singh ◽  
B. Das ◽  
K. M. Ahmed ◽  
V. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight

scholarly journals SERODIAGNOSIS OF Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami CAUSING BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE IN SESAME

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 535-539
Author(s):  
M. Inam-ul-Haq ◽  
Syeda Farah Naqvi ◽  
M. Ibrahim Tahir ◽  
Hafiz Mujeebur Rehman ◽  
Raees Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Blight Disease

A new gene, developed through mutagenesis, for resistance of rice to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakai ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
S. Kuwahara ◽  
M. Saito
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Induced Mutant

SUMMARYAn induced mutant of rice, designated M41, resistant to several races of bacterial leaf blight, obtained after irradiation with thermal neutrons, was crossed with the original variety, Harebare. Test crosses revealed that the resistance of M41 to the Japanese races I, II, III and IV is controlled by a single recessive gene, considered to be different from four previously identified dominant resistance genes of japonica-type varieties and from three recessive genes in indica-type varieties for resistance to Philippine races. The gene in M41 was tentatively designated xa-nm(t).

scholarly journals First Report in Mauritius of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Syngonium Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. syngonii

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jouen ◽  
I. Robène-Soustrade ◽  
L. Gagnevin ◽  
O. Pruvost ◽  
S. Benimadhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Buffer Solution

In November of 2006, necrotic leaf lesions with water-soaked margins were observed on Syngonium podophyllum in Floréal, Forest Side, and Réduit, Mauritius. Although not an economically important crop, the disease was of concern because syngonium is a host for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae and the anthurium industry is of major economic importance in Mauritius. X. campestris pv. syngonii, described as the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of syngonium (2), is genetically closely related to group 9.4 X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains (3). In contrast to X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, X. campestris pv. syngonii strains are highly virulent on syngonium but are not pathogenic on anthurium or other Araceae, but both react similarly to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Mab) (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) and to a nested PCR assay designed for X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (4). X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae and X. campestris pv. syngonii strains can be distinguished on the basis of restriction analysis of the amplicon of this PCR assay. Four pure cultures isolated from S. podophyllum were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and produced mucoid colonies on yeast peptone glucose agar (YPGA). One positive control strain of X. campestris pv. syngonii (LMG 9055 from the United States) and X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (LMG 695 from Brazil) were also used for all tests. All strains reacted positively with the Xcd108 MAb using indirect ELISA. DNA from all strains was amplified by the nested PCR assay, and the HincII restriction pattern of the amplicons identified strains from Mauritius as X. campestris pv. syngonii. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum cv. Florida, Dieffenbachia maculata cv. Tropic Marianne, and S. podophyllum cv. Robusta by infiltrating suspensions containing ~1 × 105 CFU ml¯1 of each strain prepared from YPGA plates. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Negative control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures at 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol·m¯2·s¯1 light intensity, and a photoperiod of 12 h (4). All strains caused typical water-soaked lesions 14 days after inoculation (dai) on syngonium. Lesions turned necrotic with chlorotic margins 27 to 34 dai. Typical bacterial blight lesions were observed on anthurium leaves inoculated with X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strain LMG 695, but no symptoms were observed 60 dai when strains from Mauritius and LMG 9055 were used. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of four strains from Mauritius and additional reference, X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae and X. campestris pv. syngonii strains, using SacI/MspI and four primer pairs (unlabeled MspI+1 [A, C, T, or G] primers and 5′-labeled-SacI+C primer for the selective amplification step) (1), showed that the strains from Mauritius could be distinguished from X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae but were identical to X. campestris pv. syngonii strains from the United States and Réunion Island. References: (1) N. Ah-You et al. Phytopathology 97:1568, 2007. (2) R. S. Dickey and C. H. Zumoff. Phytopathology 77:1257, 1987. (3) J. L. W. Rademaker et al. Phytopathology 95:1098, 2005. (4) I. Robene-Soustrade et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:1072, 2006.

scholarly journals First report of bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae on carrots in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Palomo Gómez ◽  
Maria Shima ◽  
Adela Monterde ◽  
Inmaculada Navarro ◽  
Silvia Barbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
First Report

In September 2019, symptoms resembling those of bacterial leaf blight were observed on carrot plants (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus Hoffm.) cv. Romance cultivated in commercial plots in Chañe (Segovia), Spain. Symptoms were observed in two plots surveyed representing three hectares, with an incidence greater than 90%, and also in some plots in other nearby municipalities sown with the same batch of seeds. The lesions observed at the ends of the leaves were initially yellow that develop dark brown to black with chlorotic halos on leaflets that turned necrotic. Yellow, Xanthomonas-like colonies were isolated onto YPGA medium (Ridé 1969) from leaf lesions. Two bacterial isolates were selected and confirmed by real-time PCR using a specific primer set for Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Temple et al. 2013). All isolates were gram-negative, aerobic rods positive for catalase, able of hydrolyzing casein and aesculin and growing at 2% NaCl, while were negative for oxidase and urease tests. Sequences of 16S rRNA gene showed 100% similarity with Xanthomonas campestris, X. arboricola, X. gardneri, X. cynarae strains (GenBank accession numbers: MW077507.1 and MW077508.1 for the isolates CRD19-206.3 and CRD19-206.4, respectively). However, the resulting phylogeny of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of a concatenation of the housekeeping genes atpD, dnaK, and efp (Bui Thi Ngoc et al. 2010), by using neighbour-joining trees generated with 500 bootstrap replicates, grouped the two isolates with the X. hortorum pv. carotae M081 strain (Kimbrel et al. 2011) (GenBank accession numbers: MW161270 and MW161271 for atpD for the two isolates, respectively; MW161268 and MW161269 for dnaK; MW161272 and MW161273 for efp). A pairwise identity analysis revealed a 100% identity between all three isolates. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by spray inoculation (Christianson et al. 2015) with a bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml) prepared in sterile distilled water at 3 to 4 true-leaf stage (six plants per isolate). Sterile distilled water was used as negative control. The inoculated plants were incubated in a growth chamber (25°C and 95% relative humidity [RH]) for 72 h, and then transferred to a greenhouse at 24 to 28°C and 65% RH. Characteristic leaf blight symptoms developed on inoculated carrot plants, while no symptoms were observed on the negative control plants 20 days after inoculation. The bacterium was re-isolated from symptomatic tissue and the identity confirmed through PCR analysis. Based on PCR, morphological and phenotypic tests, sequence analysis, and pathogenicity assays, the isolates were identified as X. hortorum pv. carotae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf blight of carrot caused by X. hortorum pv. carotae in Spain, and the first molecular and pathological characterization. It is important to early detect this pathogen and take suitable measures to prevent its spread, since it could cause yield losses for a locally important crop such as carrot.

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Coriander Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. coriandri in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 910-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-A. Lee ◽  
Y.-H. Liu ◽  
H.-L. Liu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Agar Media

Leaf blight symptoms on coriander (Coriandrum sativum) were observed during the summers of 2000 to 2002 in fields at the Beidou and Sijhou townships, Changhua County, Taiwan. Symptoms first appeared as small spots on the lower sides of leaves and stems. The centers of the spots quickly turned brown and were surrounded by whitish yellow halos. The brown spots and halos enlarged rapidly and coalesced into irregular, yellowish or brownish dry dead areas on the leaf. V-shaped and chlorotic blotch symptoms were also found at the margins of leaves. Isolations from diseased leaves consistently yielded bacterial colonies that were yellow and glistening on nutrient and potato dextrose agar media. Five representative strains were chosen for further characterization. All strains were gram-negative rods, aerobic, and produced yellow, nonwater soluble, xanthomonadin pigments identified by thin-layer chromatography (1). The strains were positive for catalase and β-galactosidase and negative for oxidase, nitrate reductase, urease, and tryptophanase (indole production) and hydrolyzed starch, gelatin, and esculin. Hydrogen sulfide was produced from cysteine. L-asparagine was not sufficient as a sole carbon source for growth. In Dye's medium C, acids were produced from metabolizing arabinose, glucose, and sucrose but not from rhamnose, cellobiose, lactose, dulcitol, mannitol, and sorbitol. The bacterium was identified as Xanthomonas campestris. Almost complete 16S rDNA sequence of strain TC3 (1,502 bp; GenBank Accession No. AY604178) was determined and compared with available 16S rDNA sequences in GenBank. The sequence was highly identical (99%) to those of Xanthomonas campestris pathovars. Coriander plants were inoculated by spraying bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/ml) on leaves, enclosed in a plastic bag to maintain high humidity for 2 days, and kept in a growth chamber at 28°C. Typical symptoms were observed in 2 to 6 days in all four inoculated plants and appeared to be identical to those observed in the fields. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water and showed no symptoms. The bacterium was readily reisolated from diseased leaves. Bacterial leaf blight of coriander was first reported in India, and the pathogen was identified as X. campestris pv. coriandri (2). To our knowledge, this is the first occurrence of this bacterium on coriander in Taiwan. References: (1) N. W. Schaad et al. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (2) M. C. Srinivasan et al. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. B 53:298, 1961.

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