scholarly journals Influence of Using Various Percentages of Slag on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Sarah Sameer Hussein ◽  
Nada Mahdi Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Furnace Slag

In order to implement the concept of sustainability in the field of construction, it is necessary to find an alternative to the materials that cause pollution by manufacturing, the most important of which is cement. Because factory wastes provide siliceous and aluminous materials and contain calcium such as fly ash and slag that are used in the production of high-strength geopolymer concrete with specifications similar to ordinary concrete, it was necessary for developing this type of concrete that is helping to reduce CO2 (dioxide carbon) in the atmosphere. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the influence of incorporating various percentages of slag as a replacement for fly ash and the effect of slag on mechanical properties. This paper showed the details of the experimental work that has been undertaken to search and make tests the strength of geopolymer mixtures made of fly ash and then replaced fly ash with slag in different percentages. The geopolymer mixes were prepared using a ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) blend and low calcium fly ash class F activated by an alkaline solution. The mixture compositions of fly ash to slag were (0.75:0.25, 0.65:0.35, 0.55:0.45) by weight of cementitious materials respectively and compared with reference mix of conventional concrete with mix proportion 1:1.5:3 (cement: sand: coarse agg.), respectively. The copper fiber was used as recycled material from electricity devices wastes such as (machines, motors, wires, and electronic devices) to enhance the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete. The heat curing system at 40 oC temperature was used. The results revealed that the mix proportion of 0.45 blast furnace slag and 0.55 fly ash produced the best strength results. It also showed that this mix ratio could provide a solution for the need for heat curing for fly ash-based geopolymer.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of Double Skinned Composite Hollow Columns using Geopolymer Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4691-4696
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Furnace Slag

This paper comprises of the experimental study of double skinned (DSCFT) Composite hollow columns using Geopolymer concrete. The diameter-thickness (D/t) ratio and the hollowness ratio were consideredas main parameters in designing the specimens. The Geopolymer Concrete used in this project is the most promising technique. It is composed of fly-ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and alkaline solution. By using large volume of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, the production of cement increases 3% annually. The production of one ton of cement directly liberates about 1 ton of CO2 and indirectly liberates 0.4 ton of CO2 to atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 67% of global warming. In this respect fly ash based geopolymer mortar is highly considerable. But most of the previous works on fly ash-based geopolymers concrete reveals that hardening is due to heat curing, which is considered as a limitation for cast in situ applications at low ambient temperatures. In order to overcome this situation, replacing the Ground blast furnace slag with fly ash for various proportions to achieve geopolymer concrete suitable for curing without elevated heat. The Scope of this project is to find optimization level of Ground Granulated blast furnace slag in geopolymer concrete for curing in ambient condition and to analyze the compressive Strength of optimized GGBS based Geopolymer Concrete filled double skinned steel tube by varying the size of the steel tubes.

scholarly journals Domınance of materıal composıtıon on mechanıcal propertıes of normal and hıgh strength grade bınary blended geopolymer concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Addepalli Mallinadh Kashyap ◽  
Tanimki Chandra Sekhar Rao ◽  
N.V.Ramana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Green House Gases ◽  
Green House ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

The utilisation of pozzolanic materials as the replacement to conventional cement material have the potentiality to mitigate the pollution caused by the émission of carbon based green house gases which are a main source for global warming problem. For every production of 1 ton of cement it was approximated that the emission of carbon based green house gases are about 1 ton. Keeping this in view, a new material called Geopolymer which was first coined by Davidovits has gained a lot of interest by the researchers. In this study, different molarity variations of NaOH in the order of 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M and also the blending of  mineral admixtures like Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag with percentages (50%+50%) and the mechanical properties of normal M30 and high strength grade M70 binary blended Geopolymer concrete were studied after 28 days of ambient curing and were reported. The test results revealed that the effect of molar concentration of NaOH at 12 M is effective and the optimum replacement of mineral composition of source materials is (50%+50%) fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Granite Waste Powder by Varying the Molarity of Activator on the Mechanical Properties of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Fatheali A. Shilar ◽  
Sharanabasava V. Ganachari ◽  
Veerabhadragouda B. Patil ◽  
Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar ◽  
Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Industrial waste such as Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Granite Waste Powder (GWP) is available in huge quantities in several states of India. These ingredients have no recognized application and are usually shed in landfills. This process and these materials are sources of severe environmental pollution. This industrial waste has been utilized as a binder for geopolymers, which is our primary focus. This paper presents the investigation of the optimum percentage of granite waste powder as a binder, specifically, the effect of molar and alkaline to binder (A/B) ratio on the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Additionally, this study involves the use of admixture SP-340 for better performance of workability. Current work focuses on investigating the effect of a change in molarity that results in strength development in geopolymer concrete. The limits for the present work were: GGBS partially replaced by GWP up to 30%; molar ranging from 12 to 18 with the interval of 2 M; and A/B ratio of 0.30. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum slump was observed for GWP with 60 mm compared to other molar concentration. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum compressive strength (CS) was observed for GWP with 20%, of 33.95 MPa. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum STS was observed for GWP, with 20%, of 3.15 MPa. For 16 M of GPC, a maximum FS was observed for GWP, with 20%, of 4.79 MPa. Geopolymer concrete has better strength properties than conventional concrete. GPC is $13.70 costlier than conventional concrete per cubic meter.

Effects of Fly Ash and Granular Blast-Furnace Slag on Development Rate of Strength of Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 629-630 ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Ji Wei Cai ◽  
Si Jia Yan ◽  
Gong Lei Wei ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Jin Jin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Substitution Content ◽  
Furnace Slag

Fly ash (FA) and granular blast-furnace slag (GBFS) are usual mineral admixtures to conventional concrete, and their contents substituted for Portland cement definitely affect development rate of strength of concrete. C30 and C60 concrete samples with FA and/or GBFS were prepared to study the influence of substitution content of the mineral admixtures on 3 d, 7 d and 28 d strength. The results reveal that the development rate of strength in period from 3 d to 7 d gets slow with increasing content of mineral admixtures except for concrete with only GBFS less than 20%. In the case of substituting FA as the only mineral admixture for part of cement, the development rate of strength of C30 concrete in period from 7 d to 28 d keeps roughly constant even that of C60 concrete increases. When substituting mineral admixtures in the presence of GBFS for cement within experimental range, the development rate of strength in period from 7 d to 28 d gets fast with increasing substitution content. The enhancing effect of combining FA and GBFS occurs in period from 7 d to 28 d for both C30 and C60 concretes (FA+GBFS≤40%), even occurs in period from 3 d to 7 d for C60 concrete. Based on 7 d strength and the development rate, 28 d strength of concrete can be predicted accurately.

Modeling of Alteration Behavior on Blended Cementitious Materials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Owada ◽  
Tomoko Ishii ◽  
Mayumi Takazawa ◽  
Hiroyasu Kato ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Furnace Slag

A “realistic alteration model” is needed for various cementitious materials. Hypothetical settings of mineral composition calculated based on the chemical composition of cement, such as Atkins’s model, have been used to estimate the alteration of cementitious material. However, model estimates for the concentration of certain elements such as Al and S in leachate have been different from experimental values. In a previous study, we created settings for a mineralogical alteration model by taking the initial chemical composition of cementitious materials from analysis results in experiments and applying their ratios to certain hydrated cement minerals, then added settings for secondary generated minerals in order to account for Ca leaching. This study of alteration estimates for ordinary portland cement (OPC) in groundwater showed that the change in Al and S concentrations in simulated leachate approached values for actual leachate[1]. In the present study, we develop an appropriate mineral alteration model for blended cementitious materials and conduct batch-type leaching experiments that use crushed samples of blast furnace slag cement (BFSC), silica cement (SC), and fly ash cement (FAC). The cement blends in these experiments used OPC blended with blast furnace slag of 70 wt.%, silica cement consisting of an amorphous silica fine powder of 20 wt.%, and fly ash of 30 wt.%. De-ionized water was used as the leaching solution. The solid-liquid ratios in the leaching tests were varied in order to simulate the alteration process of cement hydrates. The compositions of leachate and minerals obtained from leaching tests were compared with those obtained from models using hypothetical settings of mineral composition. We also consider an alteration model that corresponds to the diversity of these materials. As a result of applying the conventional OPC model to blended cementitious materials, the estimated Al concentration in the aqueous solution was significantly different from the measured concentration. We therefore propose an improved model that takes better account of Al behavior by using a more reliable initial mineral model for Al concentration in the solution.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLENDED BRICKS WİTH FLY ASH BASED, BLAST FURNACE SLAG ADDITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Hakan Çağlar ◽  
Arzu Çağlar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Furnace Slag

In this study, it is aimed to make improvements on blended brick (1) which is the first building material has a history of at least 10,000 years. To the blended brick which is a traditional material was kept constant at 5% the addition of fly ash which is industrial waste. It was aim of determine of the effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the blended brick using different ratios (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) blast furnace slag. In the first stage, the production of fly ash-based blast furnace slag doped sample of blended brick was performed. In the second stage, a variety of experiments were applied to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the blended brick sample. As a result; It has been determined that unit volume weight and compressive strength decreases with the use of industrial wastes in blended brick production. They have occured an increase in porosity and capillary water absorption values. The use of industrial wastes in the production of blended bricks will contribute both improve the properties of the bricks and   the reduction of wastes left to the environment.

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