Evaluating coking resources 5. Practice of batch formulation by rank

Polymeric porous particles are currently used for various applications in biotechnology, tissue engineering and pharmaceutical science, e.g., floating drug delivery systems and inhaled formulations. Particle shape and size depend on variable parameters; among them, polymer type and concentration, stirring speed, pH and type of solvent. In this study, porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) microspheres (MPs), with varying sizes and morphologies, were synthesized and optimized using both batch formulation and a flow-focusing microfluidic device. A well-established method of preparation utilizing solvent evaporation and the double emulsion technique was performed. Similar to other batch encapsulation methods, this technique is time and reagent consuming and consists of several steps. Hence, although porous structures provide tremendous opportunity in the design of new applications for tissue engineering and as improved controlled-release carriers, the synthesis of these particles with predefined properties remains challenging. We demonstrated the fabrication of porous MPs using a simple microfluidic device, compared to batch synthesis fabrication; and the effect of solvent, polymer concentration and type, post-hydrolysis treatment, on porosity degree. Moreover, a kinetic release study of fluorescent molecule was conducted for non-porous in comparison to porous particles. An overview of future prospects and the potential of these porous beads in this scientific area are discussed.

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Properties of Wastes-Based Extruded Ceramics Formulations

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2218 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 2218-2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Raupp-Pereira ◽

M.J. Ribeiro ◽

Ana M. Segadães ◽

Joao A. Labrincha

Keyword(s):

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Potable Water ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Initial Batch ◽

Batch Formulation ◽

Insulating Properties

This work describes the studies carried out with various industrial wastes and natural byproducts based on the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system, aimed at extruding ceramic products of industrial interest. Four waste materials were selected and characterised, namely, (i) Al-rich anodising sludge (A-sludge), (ii) sludge from the filtration/clarification of potable water (W-sludge), (iii) sludge generated in marble sawing processes (M-sludge), and (iv) foundry sand (F-sand). Two different formulations were prepared and bodies were shaped by extrusion, after its detailed optimisation. Screw extruded rods were then fired at several temperatures and characterised in terms of relevant functional properties (shrinkage, density and mechanical strength). Their electrical insulating properties were assessed by impedance spectroscopy. The design of interesting technological properties, such as high electrical and mechanical resistance, refractoriness, etc, was found to be easily achievable by controlling the initial batch formulation and/or the sintering schedule.

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Development of batch formulation equations for graphite fuel elements

10.2172/4180968 ◽

1963 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Batch Formulation ◽

Fuel Elements

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Incorporation of Aluminium Residues in Dense Cordierite Formulations

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1722 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 514-516 ◽

pp. 1722-1725 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernando A. Costa Oliveira ◽

Francisco Delmas ◽

Ana Araújo ◽

Jorge Cruz Fernandes ◽

Diamantino Dias

Keyword(s):

Thermal Expansion ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Thermal Shock Resistance ◽

Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽

Lower Thermal Expansion ◽

Shock Resistance ◽

Expansion Coefficients ◽

Α Al2o3 ◽

Batch Formulation

Additions of γ-Al2O3 and Al(OH)3 powders produced at INETI from spent baths resulting from the aluminium transformation industry were made to a commercial cordierite batch formulation (without Al2O3 addition), known as DC4, developed by Rauschert Portuguesa Lda., in order to evaluate the possibility of replacing with benefits the conventional α-Al2O3 source used. The resulting samples were found to be denser than the commercial ones. This is related to the higher reactivity of these particular sources of alumina as compared to that added to the commercial product. Consequently, higher Young’s modulus (100-114 GPa) and flexural strength (80-98 MPa) were achieved for the developed materials in comparison to those obtained for commercial cordierite (96±2 GPa and 67±5 MPa, respectively). In addition, slightly lower thermal expansion coefficients were observed (3.6x10-6 K-1) and the thermal shock resistance was found to increase from 325 K to 350 K. The developed technology can be regarded as suitable for reducing the environmental impact of deposition of wastes from the aluminium transformation industry.

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Improvement of a Preparation Process of Chromite Raw Material Used for Ferroalloys and Pigments Manufacture

Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal ◽

10.18321/ectj251 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

K.T. Zhantasov ◽

Zh.U. Myrhalykov ◽

B.B. Turakulov ◽

M.K. Zhantasov ◽

E.N. Kocherov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Charge Composition ◽

Material Base ◽

Research Results ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

Economic Indices ◽

A Charge ◽

Batch Formulation

The given article contains the research results of carbon-containing chromite pellets’ production from off-grade raw material with application of internal coal-mining overburden rocks as flux. Besides, for the purpose of improvement of ecological situation in industrial regions and expansion of a raw-material base for ferrochrome and pigments manufacture we suppose to use in a charge composition the dust of aspiration units and electrostatic precipitators, which is formed at the preparation of raw materials and production of chromite pellets. The production technology of chromite pellets with use of a slime formed at the concentration of chrome ores as a binding substance was developed. Testing the suggested technology has been carried out in laboratory and trial conditions. The data of a chemical composition of initial components of a charge and calcined carbon-containing chromite pellets have shown economic and ecological efficiency of the developed technological process. Research results lead to the conclusion that the proposed granulation feedstock mixture pellets with a moisture content of 11–12% are obtained crude granules have a compressive strength of 2.3–3.2 kg/splashed. Increasing the content of Cr2O3 in the pellets to 7.6% occurs due to the increase in the extraction of chromium oxide and due to the charge of chromium oxides contained in the sludge, as well as removal of the batch formulation was heat treated carbonates, and volatile organic substances. It was established that during this mode, the temperature in the lower layers is about 1200 °C, and a reduction in natural gas consumption achieves 50% and the residual carbon content in the pellets is about 1.5%, which leads to improvement of technical and economic indices of production chromite pellets and ferrochrome.

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Incremental and Decremental Exponential Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition

International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing ◽

10.4018/ijcvip.2014010104 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 40-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nitin Kumar ◽

R.K. Agrawal ◽

Ajay Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Computation Time ◽

Small Sample ◽

Incremental Algorithm ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Incremental Formulation ◽

Face Datasets ◽

Batch Formulation

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is widely used for feature extraction in face recognition but suffers from small sample size (SSS) problem in its original formulation. Exponential discriminant analysis (EDA) is one of the variants of LDA suggested recently to overcome this problem. For many real time systems, it may not be feasible to have all the data samples in advance before the actual model is developed. The new data samples may appear in chunks at different points of time. In this paper, the authors propose incremental formulation of EDA to avoid learning from scratch. The proposed incremental algorithm takes less computation time and memory. Experiments are performed on three publicly available face datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed incremental formulation in comparison to its batch formulation in terms of computation time and memory requirement. Also, the proposed incremental algorithms (IEDA, DEDA) outperform incremental formulation of LDA in terms of classification accuracy.

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Design, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Favipiravir Orodispersible Films

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i531180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

Kalyan Chakravarthy Yamali ◽

Madhu Gudipati ◽

Rama Rao Nadendla

Keyword(s):

Moisture Absorption ◽

Thin Strip ◽

Film Properties ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Orodispersible Films ◽

Film Forming ◽

Percent Moisture ◽

Batch Formulation ◽

Oral Films

Introduction: Orodispersible films (ODF) is a thin strip that is mostly transparent, biodegradable and it has hydrophilic polymers that disintegrate and dissolves immediately when getting in contact with saliva. Different disintegrants play a crucial role in film properties such as organoleptic properties, film thickness, and in particular disintegration time of the film. The main reason for the development of oral films is for their prominent role in increased patient compliance among pediatrics and geriatrics by disintegrating faster, releasing the drug rapidly, without the need for water, and mostly decreasing the risk of choking. Aim: To formulate orodispersible films of favipiravir and to study the effect of different superdisintegrants on various film properties. Methods: The method used to prepare the film is the solvent casting method. In this method, the solution is prepared using polymer, drug, and superdisintegrants. This solution is casted on a film-forming apparatus using a spreader an instrument to obtain a thin film. Results: The prepared oral films weights ranging from 148mg to 237mg based on the superdisintegrant concentration. The pH of the prepared films didn’t vary significantly and percent moisture absorption doesn’t have significant variation. However, the texture varied from smooth to rough and transparent to translucent. Disintegration time is varying from 28 to 42 seconds. The optimum batch formulation gave 98% of drug release.

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