Climate of Russia in the 21st century. Part 1. New evidence of anthropogenic climate change and the state of the art of its simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Meleshko ◽  
V. M. Kattsov ◽  
V. M. Mirvis ◽  
V. A. Govorkova ◽  
T. V. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
New Evidence

Clandestine migration in Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Düvell
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Migration Research

The concept of clandestine or illegal migration dates back to the 1930s but only became prominent during the 1980s and 1990s. It is an umbrella term that refers to a complex set of conditions and embraces various patterns. Instead of applying the conventional but crude legal/illegal dichotomy this article suggests a fine-tuned analysis of clandestine migration on a scale between the two poles. This contribution surveys the state of the art and discusses various approaches in clandestine migration research; it aims at clarifying as yet blurred definitions, discusses often problematical quantitative aspects, and gives an overview of various major patterns in clandestine migration. Finally, in reflecting on the specific conditions that determine clandestine migration, it argues that this phenomenon is a social construct of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Strategies of Climate Change Denial: The case of Thierry Baudet

MaRBLe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roelien Van der Wel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Climate Change Denial ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American

This paper discusses different strategies of climate change denial and focusses on the specific case of Dutch politician Thierry Baudet. Much of the literature concerning climate change denial focusses on Anglo-American cases, therefore more research non-English speaking countries is necessary. The theoretical framework describes the state of the art concerning climate change denialism and its links to occurring phenomena in Western societies and politics such as post-truth and populism. Afterwards, by conducting a deductive analysis of  Thierry Baudet’s climate denialism in the Netherlands, a more thorough understanding of the different strategies proposed by Stefan Rahmstorf  and Engels et al. is reached. Although all four categories are detected in Baudet’s denialism, consensus denial seems to be the most prevalent. The analysis of his usage of the notion of a climate apocalypse, combined with the analysis of his specific focus on consensus denial, broadens the understanding of how climate change denial can relate to populism. 

The Trinomial Food-Heritage-Education for Climate Emergency as a Tool for Territorial Innovation in the Euroregion of Eixo Atlântico

2022 ◽  
pp. 952-974
Author(s):  
Sara Costa Carvalho ◽  
Pablo Meira Ángel Cartea ◽  
Ulisses M. Azeiteiro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Heritage Education ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Food Consumed

This chapter is dedicated to the food-heritage-education for climate emergency trinomial (FoHECE). It disseminates a study in the Euroregion of Eixo Atlântico. This Euroregion (Galicia, Spain and Northern Portugal) has been a victim of climate change (CC) due to drought. The project consisted of a participatory-action-research (PAR) with a set of environmental education facilities (EEF) that promote the connection local heritage-global reality. The main objective of the study was to help re-signifying activities in education for climate emergency based on dietary styles. Thus, a pedagogical activity was created with each facility, according to the PAR methodology, to sub-themes of the diet-CC binomial (e.g,. types of food consumed, origin, type of production, presentation) and to food aspects of each EEF surrounding. In addition to the state-of-the-art review on FoHECE, results are discussed, and recommendations are suggested for future approaches and adaptations of this methodology to other contexts.

scholarly journals LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES – THE STATE OF THE ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Akbari ◽  
Constantinos Cartalis ◽  
Denia Kolokotsa ◽  
Alberto Muscio ◽  
Anna Laura Pisello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Mitigation Techniques

Increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat island phenomenon has a seri- ous impact on the economic and social system of cities. to counterbalance the consequences of the increased urban temperatures important research has been carried out resulting in the development of efficient mitigation technologies. the present paper aims to present the state of the art in terms of local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. In particular, developments in the field on highly reflective materials, cool and green roofs, cool pavements, urban green and of other mitigation technologies are presented in detail, while examples of implemented projects are given.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-562
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Climate Economics

Warwick McKibbin of the Australian National University and the Brookings Institution reviews “Climate Economics: The State of the Art”, by Frank Ackerman and Elizabeth A. Stanton. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Reviews the state of the art in climate economics and its background sciences. Discusses climate science for economists; damage functions and climate impacts; climate change impacts on natural systems; climate change impacts on human systems; climate economics before and after the Stern Review; uncertainty; public goods and public policy; economics and the climate policy debate; technologies for mitigation; the economics of mitigation; and adaptation. Ackerman and Stanton are Senior Economists at Synapse Energy Economics, Cambridge, Mass.”

The Trinomial Food-Heritage-Education for Climate Emergency as a Tool for Territorial Innovation in the Euroregion of Eixo Atlântico

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
Sara Costa Carvalho ◽  
Pablo Meira Ángel Cartea ◽  
Ulisses M. Azeiteiro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Heritage Education ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Food Consumed

This chapter is dedicated to the food-heritage-education for climate emergency trinomial (FoHECE). It disseminates a study in the Euroregion of Eixo Atlântico. This Euroregion (Galicia, Spain and Northern Portugal) has been a victim of climate change (CC) due to drought. The project consisted of a participatory-action-research (PAR) with a set of environmental education facilities (EEF) that promote the connection local heritage-global reality. The main objective of the study was to help re-signifying activities in education for climate emergency based on dietary styles. Thus, a pedagogical activity was created with each facility, according to the PAR methodology, to sub-themes of the diet-CC binomial (e.g,. types of food consumed, origin, type of production, presentation) and to food aspects of each EEF surrounding. In addition to the state-of-the-art review on FoHECE, results are discussed, and recommendations are suggested for future approaches and adaptations of this methodology to other contexts.

scholarly journals A diachronic-synchronic review of gender in English

2007 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Linguistic Universal

Why does man occur more frequently in the English language than woman does? Has the expression of gender evolved through the centuries or is it a non-changing linguistic universal? To what extent are inflections and word-formation processes able to convey gender in present-day English? This paper reviews a number of questions which have raised interest among scholars for many years, and which can now be reconsidered from a 21st-century perspective. To this end, the expression of gender is examined and illustrated from Old English to contemporary English to observe the alternatives which language provides and the differences in each of the periods covered. This allows taking a broad view of the state of the art, which seems necessary for an understanding of how biological sex can be expressed in the English language.

scholarly journals Diazotrophy as a key driver of the response of marine net primary productivity to climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bopp ◽  
Olivier Aumont ◽  
Lester Kwiatkowski ◽  
Corentin Clerc ◽  
Léonard Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine net primary production (NPP) is a reason for concern because changing NPP will have widespread consequences for marine ecosystems and their associated services. Projections by the current generation of Earth System Models have suggested decreases in global NPP in response to future climate change, albeit with very large uncertainties. Here, we make use of two versions of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate Model (IPSL-CM) that simulate divergent NPP responses to similar high-emission scenarios in the 21st century and identify nitrogen fixation as the main driver of these divergent NPP responses. Differences in the way N-fixation is parameterized in the marine biogeochemical component PISCES of the IPSL-CMs lead to N-fixation rates that are either stable or double over the course of the 21st century, resulting in decreasing or increasing global NPP, respectively. An evaluation of these 2 model versions does not help constrain future NPP projection uncertainties. However, the use of a more comprehensive version of PISCES, with variable nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios as well as a revised parameterization of the temperature sensitivity of N-fixation, suggests only moderate changes of global-averaged N-fixation in the 21st century. This leads to decreasing global NPP, in line with the model-mean changes of a recent multi-model intercomparison. Lastly, despite contrasting trends in NPP, all our model versions simulate similar and significant reductions in planktonic biomass. This suggests that projected plankton biomass may be a much more robust indicator than NPP of the potential impact of anthropogenic climate change on marine ecosystems across model.

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