scholarly journals Physical and Psychological Violence against Married Men in District Dir (Lower), Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazeen Saeed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Western World ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Married Men

The World Health Organization [1] has defined violence as “the intentional use of physical force, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation’’ [1]. According to the WHO [1] typology of violence, there are mainly three types, such as, self-directed, interpersonal, and collective violence; these types are further divided into subtypes [1]. The current study focused on interpersonal (intimate partner or domestic) violence against married men. The Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) can be defined as the physical, psychological, or sexual harm by current/previous partner or spouse; domestic violence is used interchangeably with IPVs [2]. Violence against women is extensively studied in different parts of the western world and Asian countries; however, very few of the researchers have paid attention towards violence against men [3,4]; Hines et al. [5] it is commonly claimed that men are traditionally viewed as being physically stronger than women, therefore, they under-report their victimization due to barriers like embarrassment and masculine ego [6]. The fact that men are victims of IPV, from their female partners, has been identified for the last thirty years [5]; these victims often face the humiliation of being laughed at, accused, belittled, or ridiculed, due to which they do not report their victimization [6]. Studies have identified equal levels of exposure to intimate partner violence among men and women [7]; the rates and frequencies of violence enacted by women are often similar to that of their men partners [8]. Such symmetry signifies a weak association of gender with perpetration of IPV. However, men’s ego has been developed by the society in such a way that their reporting of violence is generally considered a social stigma. When men attempt to report DV against them, most of the times they are not trusted; instead, they are laughed at and ridiculed for the notion that they are beaten by their wives

scholarly journals Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy C Potter ◽  
Richard Morris ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty ◽  
Claudia García-Moreno ◽  
Gene Feder
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages health and is costly to families and society. Individuals experience different forms and combinations of IPV; better understanding of the respective health effects of these can help develop differentiated responses. This study explores the associations of different categories of IPV on women’s mental and physical health. Methods Using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, multilevel mixed effects logistic regression modelling was used to analyse associations between categories of abuse (physical IPV alone, psychological IPV alone, sexual IPV alone, combined physical and psychological IPV, and combined sexual with psychological and/or physical IPV) with measures of physical and mental health, including self-reported symptoms, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and nights in hospital. Results Countries varied in prevalence of different categories of IPV. All categories of IPV were associated with poorer health outcomes; the two combined abuse categories were the most damaging. The most common category was combined abuse involving sexual IPV, which was associated with the poorest health [attempted suicide: odds ratio (OR): 10.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.37-13.89, thoughts of suicide: 8.47, 7.03-10.02, memory loss: 2.93, 2.41-3.56]. Combined psychological and physical IPV was associated with the next poorest outcomes (attempted suicide: 5.67, 4.23-7.60, thoughts of suicide: 4.41, 3.63-5.37, memory loss: 2.33, 1.88-2.87-). Conclusions Understanding the prevalence and health impact of different forms and categories of IPV is crucial to risk assessment, tailoring responses to individuals and planning services. Previous analyses that focused on singular forms of IPV likely underestimated the more harmful impacts of combined forms of abuse.

Association of dowry practices with perceived marital life and intimate partner violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2298-2303
Author(s):  
Tazeen Saeed Ali ◽  
Neesha Hussain ◽  
Shah Zeb ◽  
Asli Kulane
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: To understand the perceptions of women about the influence of dowry customs on their marital life and on intimate partner violence (IPV) in a marriage. Method: This was a cross-sectional study on married women of reproductive age in Karachi, Pakistan between 2008 and 2009. Data was collected through a reliable questionnaire developed by World Health Organization, which was validated at local context and has been translated in to Urdu and then back translated in to English. Results: This study found that women whose marriages were decided conditionally on the provision of dowry to the groom’s family reported it to have had a positive impact on marital life (aOR: 11.5). Consenting to a marriage was positively associated with positive marital life (aOR: 36.8), as was the case when the marriage was contingent on dowry to be given to the groom’s family (aOR: 10.4). Provision of a dowry was not protective from physical (aOR: 3.7), sexual (aOR: 3.7), or psychological violence (aOR: 8.9). Conclusion: Dowry practices exist in Pakistani culture, despite the fact that dowry wives experience IPV. However, women perceive that the provision of dowry to groom’s family has a positive impact on marital life. In the immediate future, to protect women in and entering into marriage, there should be a strengthening of women’s organizations to provide legal, social and medical supports to women in need as well as the training of medical and paramedical professionals to recognize and respond to IPV.  Continuous...

Intimate Partner Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wright ◽  
Brandon Valgardson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Domestic Violence Shelters ◽  
Mandatory Arrest ◽  
Victim Advocacy ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious problem that affects many individuals and crosses national borders, religions, gender, sexual orientation, racial, and ethnic groups (Harvey, Garcia-Moreno, & Butchart, 2007; Krug, Mercy, Dahlberg, & Zwi, 2002). The World Health Organization has defined intimate partner violence as any behavior that inflicts harm on an intimate partner, such as a spouse, prior spouse, or partner. This harm can be physical, psychological, or sexual in nature and is inflicted through physical aggression, psychological abuse, sexual coercion, or other controlling behaviors (Krug et al., 2002). At times, the terms domestic violence and partner/spouse abuse are used interchangeably with the term intimate partner violence (Harvey et al., 2007). Historically, intimate partner violence was seen as a matter to be dealt with in the home (Andrews & Khavinson, 2013); that is, it was largely considered a private issue between intimate partners. As such, little attention or support was extended toward victims of violence. The women’s rights movement during the 1970s brought many of the deleterious effects of IPV to the attention of the public. As a result, assistance became increasingly available for victims (Dugan, Nagin, & Rosenfeld, 2003). Some of the efforts to provide assistance to victims of IPV include mandatory arrest laws, victim advocacy, counseling services, shelters, and crisis hotlines. Substantial efforts have been made to provide needed services to the victims of IPV, yet the exact rates of victimization are unknown. This is due to different research methodologies and operationalizations of IPV that are used across studies. For instance, there is some controversy as to whether IPV should be measured by acts of violence (e.g., hitting, choking) or the severity of injuries (e.g., bruises, broken bones). Complicating the issue is the fact that different sampling methods may yield different estimates of IPV. Research drawn from the general population, for instance, may uncover higher rates of less severe IPV, while purposive samples drawn from domestic violence shelters may yield higher rates of severe IPV (Johnson, 2008). Measurement challenges also occur because many individuals underreport or misrepresent their victimization. Thus, research that incorporates multiple study designs and sampling techniques, indicates that approximately 16% of adults in the United States experience IPV victimization each year (Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Misra, Selwyn, & Rohling, 2012). Social scientists have used a number of theories to better understand IPV. These theories include feminist theories, power theories, social learning theories, and personality theories. Research grounded in these theories has found many risk factors that are related to the likelihood of victimization and perpetration. Additionally, various risk factors for IPV perpetration and victimization have been identified, including individual (e.g., alcohol abuse, anger), historical (e.g., abuse as a child), and demographic (e.g., cohabitation, age) factors (Stith et al., 2000; Stith, Smith, Penn, Ward, & Tritt, 2004). Recently, behavioral scientists have begun to investigate the biological and genetic factors related to IPV perpetration (Barnes, TenEyck, Boutwell, & Beaver, 2013; Hines & Saudino, 2004). Because there are many short- and long-term negative effects of IPV victimization, scholars and advocates continue to explore new avenues to increase understanding of IPV perpetration and victimization to better assist victims and perpetrators. Currently, the main sources of help for victims of IPV include mandatory arrest laws, domestic violence shelters, crisis hotlines, civil protection orders, victim advocacy, treatment programs, and informal means of assistance. However, each of these resources has demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness for increasing victim support and reducing repeated victimization.

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND MATERNAL HEALTH IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID 19) LOCKDOWN MEASURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Atsiya Amos ◽  
◽  
Atsiya Pius ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Guardian

A very recent article published in The Guardian (2020) reported on how the surge of domestic violence cases is a pattern being repeated A very recent article published in The Guardian (2020) reported on how the surge of domestic violence cases is a pattern being repeated very recent article published in The Guardian (2020) reported on how the surge of domestic violence cases is a pattern being repeated Among measures recommended by the World Health organization to stem the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the restriction of population movement (lockdown). With the lockdown, there appear to be a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV) and how this impact on maternal health is the motivation for this study. Understanding IPV and how it influences maternal health, within an economic framework will be potentially relevant especially with the increasing use of lockdown to curb the surge of the virus. In this study, we identify factors of domestic violence against women within couples who were currently in marital or cohabiting partnerships. Also, we investigate whether domestic violence influences the decision of women to terminate pregnancies. We use data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to model the predictors of domestic violence, and its influence on the decision to terminate pregnancies among married women. Of the 8,910 married women interviewed for domestic violence, 35.33% had ever experienced a form of domestic violence. We discover that having higher education, not being poor, and residing in urban areas reduce the odds of women experiencing domestic violence. Further, findings from the study indicate that women who own land, and whose husbands use alcohol have increased odds of experiencing domestic violence. Also, the results suggest that currently married women experiencing domestic violence have 1.25 times increased odds of terminating pregnancies compared with their counterparts that are not experiencing domestic violence. Our results suggest the implementation of short-term measures to address the issues of poverty and alcohol consumption during lockdown periods. Long-term measures could include legislations supporting compulsory girl-child education and criminalising all forms of domestic violence. Importantly, public actions to contain domestic violence in order to improve maternal health should be implemented in the context of the dynamics of a non-cooperative relationship existing between married couples.

Guns, Alcohol, and Intimate Partner Violence: The Epidemiology of Female Suicide in New Mexico

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora Olson ◽  
Frank Huyler ◽  
Arthur W Lynch ◽  
Lynne Fullerton ◽  
Deborah Werenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Suicide is among the leading causes of death in the United States, and in women the second leading cause of injury death overall. Previous studies have suggested links between intimate partner violence and suicide in women. We examined female suicide deaths to identify and describe associated risk factors. We reviewed all reports from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator for female suicide deaths occurring in New Mexico from 1990 to 1994. Information abstracted included demographics, mechanism of death, presence of alcohol/drugs, clinical depression, intimate partner violence, health problems, and other variables. Annual rates were calculated based on the 1990 census. The New Mexico female suicide death rate was 8.2/100,000 persons per year (n = 313), nearly twice the U. S. rate of 4.5/100,000. Non-Hispanic whites were overrepresented compared to Hispanics and American Indians. Decedents ranged in age from 14 to 93 years (median = 43 years). Firearms accounted for 45.7% of the suicide deaths, followed by ingested poisons (29.1%), hanging (10.5%), other (7.7%), and inhaled poisons (7.0%). Intimate partner violence was documented in 5.1% of female suicide deaths; in an additional 22.1% of cases, a male intimate partner fought with or separated from the decedent immediately preceding the suicide. Nearly two-thirds (65.5%) of the decedents had alcohol or drugs present in their blood at autopsy. Among decedents who had alcohol present (34.5%), blood alcohol levels were far higher among American Indians compared to Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites (p = .01). Interpersonal conflict was documented in over 25% of cases, indicating that studies of the mortality of intimate partner violence should include victims of both suicide and homicide deaths to fully characterize the mortality patterns of intimate partner violence.

Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097880
Author(s):  
Laura Navarro-Mantas ◽  
Soledad de Lemus ◽  
Jesús L. Megías
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Violence against women (VAW) is currently one of the main problems in El Salvador, which leads the ranking of femicides in the world. We conducted the first national survey on VAW in El Salvador following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, to determine the impact of violence on women’s mental health ( N = 1,274). Women who had experienced intimate partner violence showed significantly poorer mental health and more suicidal ideations. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with the experience of all forms of violence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and stressful life experiences. The results are discussed in connection with the primary care protocols and the design of public policies.

scholarly journals Quality of life and risk of feminicide in women victims of intimate partner violence in Campinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Caicedo Roa ◽  
L Gabrielle Dalaqua ◽  
P Filizola ◽  
R Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Violence against women is a public health problem with severe consequences. Most women in situations of domestic violence are emotionally involved and/or economically dependent of their intimate partners contributing to the perpetuation and acceptance of violence. Objectives 1) To characterize the women who join the Reference and Support Center for Women (Ceamo) in Campinas, Southeast Brazil. 2) To measure the quality of life in women victims of intimate partner violence 3) To determine the risk of feminicide. Methods The Ceamo is a public specialized service from the mayor of Campinas, it provides psychological, social and legal guidance to women in situations of gender violence. Inclusion criteria: Women attending Ceamo services, speaking Portuguese, age ≥18 years old and having experienced intimate partner violence. Measure instruments: Danger assessment Scale and WHOQOL-BREF. Results During the 11 months of the study, 78 new users were recruited. Average age 38.3 years old, mostly married/stable union, most of them with children (88%). 64% of women do not work and 36% live with the abusive partner. Prevalent types of violence suffered during by the victims in the last year were psychological n = 76, physical n = 62, moral n = 54 and sexual n = 23. The domain most affected in the assessment of quality of life was the environment (average 42% /100%) and psychological domain (42%/100%). 49% of women were classified with increased risk, 22% with severe risk and 1% with extreme risk of femicide. The questions with the most positive answers were those related to believing that the partner can kill her (77%), jealous of the partner (76%) and controlling behavior (73%), being followed/spied by the partner (67%) and threat death (65%). Conclusions The service in general receive very vulnerable women with low perception of their own quality of life, precarious material conditions and high risk of femicide. Key messages The women in domestic violence situation attended by the Ceamo service are at high risk of femicide. Service users have very low perception of their quality of life and poor social conditions.

scholarly journals Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
F Zioti ◽  
Z N Karadimitriou ◽  
M Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

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