scholarly journals CFD Port Flow Simulation of Air Flow Rate in Spark Ignition Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
SMG Akele ◽  
C. Aganama ◽  
E. Emeka ◽  
Y. Abudu-Mimini ◽  
S. Umukoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Study Results

In the early stages of development of internal combustion engine (ICE), limitations such as speed, range, and lifespan led to series of researches resulting in the reduction or elimination of these limitations. Combustion in ICE is a rapid and controlled endothermic reaction between air in oxygen and fuel which is accompanied by significant increase in temperature and pressure with the production of heat, flame and carbon particle deposits. This combustion process is a phenomenon that involves turbulence, loss of air-fuel mixture during inflow and outflow into the cylinder. The objection of this study is to perform port flow analysis on ICE to determine flow rate and swirl at different valve lift under stationary engine parts.Methodology employed to analyze and solve the ICE port flow simulation is the use of CFD software that uses the finite volume method of numerical analysis to solve the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations governing the air medium in the internal combustion engine cylinder. The model geometry for the analysis was generated using the Ansys Design Modeller for one cylinder, one suction port and one exhaust port, and two valves. The domain considered is internal combustion engine suction port with 86741 nodes and 263155 elements. Study results revealed that air mass was more concentrated around the valve and inlet port cross-section with swirling motion seen, air stream experienced turbulence as it flowed downwards inside the cylinder, air stream spread was turbulent which will eventually enhance smooth combustion, swirling air stream moves towards the cylinder wall where it experienced tumbling and turbulent which will eventually enhance smooth combustion. From the simulation it was revealed that mass flow rate of inlet air increases with valve lift.

Modeling the inertial torque imbalance and foundation forces within an inline internal combustion engine : quantifying the equivalent mass approximation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Muslim Muhsin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Mass Approximation ◽  
Inertial Torque

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The main object of this dissertation is to study the dynamic analysis of an inline internal combustion engine. This dissertation presents the kinematics and kinetic analyses of an inline internal combustion engine crank mechanism, the dynamic torque imbalance and foundation forces for a single-piston and multi-piston engines are studied as well. The objectives of this dissertation are to explore the inertial-torque characteristics and foundation forces of an inline, internal combustion engine with connecting-rod joints that are evenly spaced about the centerline of the crankshaft, and to evaluate the goodness of a mass approximation that is customarily used in machine design textbooks. In this dissertation the number of pistons within the internal combustion engine is varied from 1 to 8. In order to generalize the results, the reaction force between the ground and the crank in the x-direction and y-direction equations are nondimensionalized and shown to depend upon only six nondimensional groups, all related to the mass and geometry properties of the connecting rod and crank while the reaction force between the connecting rod and the piston in the x-direction y-direction, reaction force between the crank and the connecting rod in the x-direction y-direction, reaction force between the piston and the cylinder wall, and the inertial-torque equations are nondimensionalized all related to the mass and geometry properties of the connecting rod. As shown in this dissertation, the largest torque imbalance is exhibited by a 2-piston engine. The next largest torque imbalance is exhibited by a 3-piston engine, followed by a single-piston engine (this is not monotonic). The largest foundation forces are exhibited by a single-piston engine. The next largest foundation forces are exhibited by a 2-piston engine, followed by a 3e-piston engine, and that a dramatic reduction in the foundation forces and torque imbalance may be obtained by using 4 or more pistons in the design, when using as many as 8 pistons the foundation forces and torque imbalance essentially vanishes. It should be observed that the mass approximation captures 100 percent of the variability of the actual torque imbalance for engines that are designed with an odd number of pistons equal to or greater than three. The mass approximation captures 100 percent of the variability of the actual reaction force between the piston and cylinder wall for engines that are designed with single-piston and multi-pistons. The mass approximation captures 100 percent of the variability of the actual reaction force against piston pin for engines that are designed with single-piston. It is also shown in this dissertation that the customary mass approximations for the connecting rod may be used to simplify the analysis for all engine designs without a significant loss of modeling accuracy.

3D CFD Simulations of Hydrogen Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh D. Adgulkar ◽  
N. V. Deshpande ◽  
S. B. Thombre ◽  
I. K. Chopde
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

By supporting hydrogen as an alternative fuel to the conventional fuel i.e. gasoline, new era of renewable and carbon neutral energy resources can be introduced. Hence, development of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for improved power density and less emission of NOx has become today’s need and researchers are continuously extending their efforts in the improvement of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine. In this work, three dimensional CFD simulations were performed using CFD code (AVL FIRE) for premixed combustion of hydrogen. The simplified 3D geometry of engine with single valve i.e. inlet valve was considered for the simulation. Various combustion models for spark ignition for hydrogen i.e. Eddy Breakup model, Turbulent Flame Speed Closure Combustion Model, Coherent Flame model, Probability Density Function model were tested and validated with available simulation results. Results obtained in simulation indicate that the properties of hydrogen i.e. high flame speed, wide flammability limit, and high ignition temperature are among the main influencing factors for hydrogen combustion being different than that of gasoline. Different parameters i.e. spark advance angle (TDC to 40° before TDC in the step of 5°), rotational speed (1200 to 3000 rpm in the step of 300 rpm), equivalence ratio (0.5 to 1.2 in the step of 0.1), and compression ratio (8, 9 and 10) were used to simulate the combustion of hydrogen in spark ignition engine and to investigate their effects on the engine performance, which is in terms of pressure distribution, temperature distribution, species mass fraction, reaction progress variable and rate of heat release for complete cycle. The results of power output for hydrogen were also compared with that of gasoline. It has been observed that power output for hydrogen is almost 12–15% less than that of gasoline.

Improved throttle valve modeling for spark-ignition engine simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (6) ◽  
pp. 1614-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Haddad ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Pascal Chesse
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Throttle Valve

Automotive manufacturers nowadays are constantly working on improving their internal combustion engines’ performance by reducing the fuel consumption and emissions, without compromising the power generated. Manufacturers are therefore relying on virtual engine models that can be run on simulation software in order to reduce the amount of time and costs needed, in comparison with experiments done on engine test benches. One important element of the intake system of an internal combustion engine is the throttle valve, which defines the amount of air reaching the plenum before being drawn into the cylinders. This article discusses a widely used model for the estimation of air flow rate through the throttle valve in an internal combustion engine simulation. Experiments have been conducted on an isolated throttle valve test bench in order to understand the influence of different factors on the model’s discharge coefficient. These experiments showed that the discharge coefficient varies with the pressure ratio across the throttle valve and with its angle. Furthermore, for each angle, this variation can be approximated with a linear model composed of two parameters: the slope and the Y-Intercept. These parameters are calibrated for different throttle valve angles. This calibration can be done using automotive manufacturers’ standard engine test fields that are often available. This model is then introduced into an engine simulation model, and the results are compared to the experimental data of a turbocharged engine test bench for validation. They are also compared with a standard discharge coefficient model that varies only with the throttle valve angle. The results show that the new model for the discharge coefficient reduces mass flow estimation errors and allows expanding the applications of the throttle valve isentropic nozzle model.

scholarly journals Development of a Computationally Efficient Tabulated Chemistry Solver for Internal Combustion Engine Optimization Using Stochastic Reactor Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8979
Author(s):  
Andrea Matrisciano ◽  
Tim Franken ◽  
Laura Catalina Gonzales Mestre ◽  
Anders Borg ◽  
Fabian Mauss
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Progress Variable ◽  
Tabulated Chemistry ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Reactor Models

The use of chemical kinetic mechanisms in computer aided engineering tools for internal combustion engine simulations is of high importance for studying and predicting pollutant formation of conventional and alternative fuels. However, usage of complex reaction schemes is accompanied by high computational cost in 0-D, 1-D and 3-D computational fluid dynamics frameworks. The present work aims to address this challenge and allow broader deployment of detailed chemistry-based simulations, such as in multi-objective engine optimization campaigns. A fast-running tabulated chemistry solver coupled to a 0-D probability density function-based approach for the modelling of compression and spark ignition engine combustion is proposed. A stochastic reactor engine model has been extended with a progress variable-based framework, allowing the use of pre-calculated auto-ignition tables instead of solving the chemical reactions on-the-fly. As a first validation step, the tabulated chemistry-based solver is assessed against the online chemistry solver under constant pressure reactor conditions. Secondly, performance and accuracy targets of the progress variable-based solver are verified using stochastic reactor models under compression and spark ignition engine conditions. Detailed multicomponent mechanisms comprising up to 475 species are employed in both the tabulated and online chemistry simulation campaigns. The proposed progress variable-based solver proved to be in good agreement with the detailed online chemistry one in terms of combustion performance as well as engine-out emission predictions (CO, CO2, NO and unburned hydrocarbons). Concerning computational performances, the newly proposed solver delivers remarkable speed-ups (up to four orders of magnitude) when compared to the online chemistry simulations. In turn, the new solver allows the stochastic reactor model to be computationally competitive with much lower order modeling approaches (i.e., Vibe-based models). It also makes the stochastic reactor model a feasible computer aided engineering framework of choice for multi-objective engine optimization campaigns.

Predictions of Flow Separation at the Valve-Seat for Steady-State Port-Flow Simulation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Fang ◽  
Satbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Separation ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Valve Seat ◽  
Mesh Density

Steady-state port-flow simulations with static valve lift are often utilized to optimize the performance of intake system of an internal combustion engine. Generally, increase in valve lift results in higher mass flow rate through the valve. But in certain cases, mass flow rate can actually decrease with increased valve lift, caused by separation of turbulent flow at the valve-seat. Prediction of this phenomenon using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is not trivial. It is found that the computational mesh significantly influences the simulation results. A series of steady-state port flow simulation are carried out using a commercial CFD code. Several mesh topologies are applied for the simulations. The predicted results are compared with available experimental data from flow bench measurements. It is found that the flow separation and reduction in mass flow rate with increased valve lift can be predicted when high mesh density is used in the proximity of the valve seat and the walls of the intake port. Higher mesh density also gives better predictions of mass flow rate compared to the experiments, but only for high valve lifts. For low valve lifts, the error in predicted flow rate is close to 13%.

scholarly journals The impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic substances in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Mieczysław DZIUBIŃSKI ◽  
Ewa SIEMIONEK ◽  
Artur DROZD ◽  
Michał ŚCIRKA ◽  
Adam KISZCZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic subcategories in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The aim of the work was to develop an analytical model of ignition system diagnostics, test performance and comparative analysis of the results of simulations and experiments. The model developed allows to analyse the basic parameters of the ignition system affecting the content of toxic substances in the exhaust. Experimental tests were carried out using the MAHA MGT5 exhaust gas analyser for four different combustion engines fueled with petrol at various operating conditions. During the tests, the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gas of a properly working engine and the engine working with damage to the ignition system were registered. The tests will be used to assess the impact of the damage of the spark-ignition engine on the emission of individual components of toxic fumes.

scholarly journals Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Szwaja ◽  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Romualdas Juknelevičius
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

Numerical Flow Simulation in the Induction System of an Internal Combustion Engine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Ho ◽  
A. J. Przekwas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Induction System

Abstract An advanced computational fluid dynamics package, REFLEQS, has been adapted to calculate the flow in the induction system of an internal combustion engine. Results of complex flow fields in multi-valve engine intake/exhaust ports and cylinders, including moving valves and piston, are calculated. The body-fitted structured grids generated with partial differential equations method have been applied to represent complex engine components configuration such as engine intake/exhaust ports, ducts, valves and cylinders. An upwind scheme combined with SIMPLEC method is employed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Several 2D and 3D flows in engine ports/cylinders are simulated. Complex flow fields involve separated flows near the entry of cylinder head, vortices near the corner and behind the valves and the valve/stem generated swirling and tumbling flows. The present work aims at establishing a generalized computational environment for analyzing the physical mechanisms and design parameters controlling internal flows in automotive air/fuel induction systems.

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