scholarly journals STUDY OF ACROMIAL MORPHOLOGY IN INDIAN POPULATION. Estudio de la morfología acromial en la población India

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Susmita Saha ◽  
Neelam Vasudeva ◽  
Shipra Paul ◽  
Virender Kumar Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Posterior Angle ◽  
Maulana Azad Medical College ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Medical College

Objetivos: El propósito del estudio era evaluar la morfología de acromion adulto en la población India y correlacionar su asociación con varias patologías del hombro. Materiales y métodos: La evaluación morfológica fue realizada en 200 omóplatos secos adultos obtenidos del museo de osteología del Departamento de Anatomía, Maulana Azad Medical College, Nueva Delhi. Se calculó la altura del arco acromial, ángulo anterior y posterior del arco y su índice, usando el método objetivo de Getz et al  (1996) para demarcar forma acromial. La presencia o la ausencia de entesofitos fue observada en la superficie inferior de la cara anterior del acromion. Resultados: 28% de los omóplatos fueron el acromion de tipo I, 67% fueron el tipo II y el 5% fueron el tipoIII. La presencia de entesofitos en la superficie inferior de la cara anterior del acromion también fue estudiada; los enthesofitos fueron observados en 3.5% en el tipo acromial I, 15.67% en el tipo II y el 40% en el proceso acromial de tipoIII. Conclusiones: La asociación entre el síndrome subacromial de compresión y el tipo acromial está bien establecida. Les asistirá a los clínicos para decidir la modalidad del tratamiento: conservador o quirúrgico. Se debe tener en cuenta la asociación de entesofitos subacromiales con la morfología acromial y los desgarros del manguito rotador al interpretar opacidades en las radiografías.  Objectives: The purpose of the study was to asses the morphology of adult acromion  processes in Indian population and correlate its association with various shoulder pathologies. Materials and methods: Morphologic evaluation was conducted on 200 adult dry scapulae obtained from osteology museum of Department of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. The height of the acromial arch, anterior and posterior angle of arch and their ratio were measured by using objective method of Getz et al (1996) for determining acromial shape. Presence or absence of enthesophyte was noted on the undersurface of the anterior aspect of the acromion process. Results: 28% scapulae exhibited type I acromion, 67% exhibited type II and 5% exhibited type III. The presence of enthesophytes on the anterior undersurface of the acromion was also studied; enthesophytes were observed in 3.5% in type I acromion, 15.67% in type II and 40% in type III acromion process. Conclusions: Association between subacromial impingement syndrome and acromial type is well established. This will assist the clinicians in deciding the modality of treatment: conservative or operative. Association of subacromial enthesophytes with acromial morphology and rotator cuff tears should be borne in mind when interpreting opacities on radiographs.

scholarly journals FACIAL ARTERY ON FACE - A STUDY ON SOUTH INDIAN CADAVERS AND SPECIMENS

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 072-076
Author(s):  
Lydia S. Quadros ◽  
Arathy Babu ◽  
Antony Sylvan D'souza
Keyword(s):  
Facial Artery ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Inferior Angle ◽  
The Face ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Left Hemi

Abstract Context: Facial artery is usually the main artery supplying the face. It gives three named branches on the face, the inferior labial, the superior labial and the lateral nasal and continues as the angular artery. Face is also supplied by the transverse facial artery and the arteries accompanying the cutaneous nerves. Aim: In the present study, variations of facial artery on face were observed. Settings & design: Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Material & method: The present study was performed on 38 males and 12 females' formalin-fixed hemi-faces. Diameter of facial artery was noted at two specific points using a fine microcaliper. Results: The variations were divided into 3 categories. Out of 38 male hemi-faces, 100% right and 78% left hemi-faces belonged to type I category; 22% left hemi-faces belonged to Type III category. Out of 12 female hemi-faces, 80% right and 80% left hemi-faces belonged to Type I category, 18% left hemi-faces belonged to Type II category and 20% right and 2% left hemi-faces belonged to Type III category. Premasseteric branch was observed in 4 hemi-faces; a duplex with a prominent lateral angular branch was observed in 4 hemi-faces and anenlarged transverse facial artery was seen in 2 hemi-faces. The diameter of facial artery at its origin and at the antero-inferior angle of masseter muscle was larger in males. Conclusion: This study shows that the variations in the branches and the diameter of the facial artery were relatively larger in males when compared to females.

scholarly journals Failed Dermal Allograft Procedures for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Can Still Improve Pain and Function: The “Biologic Tuberoplasty Effect”

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711986343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffy Mirzayan ◽  
Michael A. Stone ◽  
Michael Batech ◽  
Daniel C. Acevedo ◽  
Anshuman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Goutallier Classification ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
The Mean

Background:Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have been used in the treatment of shoulders with massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs). Despite clinical improvement, correlation of clinical findings with ADM integrity on imaging has not been investigated.Hypothesis:The pain in shoulders with MRCTs is partially due to bone-to-bone contact between the tuberosity and acromion. Coverage of the tuberosity with an intact graft or a graft that is torn in a way that the tuberosity remains covered will act as an interpositional tissue, preventing bone-to-bone contact and leading to clinical improvement.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:Between 2006 and 2016, a total of 25 shoulders with MRCTs underwent a procedure with an ADM. Pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) results, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Hamada grade, and Goutallier classification were reviewed. A postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained in 22 (88%) shoulders. The status of the graft was divided into the following categories: type I, intact graft; type II, graft tear with tuberosity covered; and type III, graft tear with tuberosity uncovered (bare).Results:The mean patient age was 61 years (range, 49-73 years), and the mean follow-up was 25.6 months (range, 10-80 months). Mean length from surgery to postoperative MRI was 13.9 months (range, 6-80 months). The graft was torn in 59% (13/22 shoulders). Significant improvements were found in VAS and ASES scores (7 vs 0.7 and 32.6 vs 91.2, respectively; P < .01) for type I grafts and in VAS and ASES scores (8.1 vs 1.3 and 26.3 vs 84.6, respectively; P < .01) for type II grafts. No difference was found in postoperative VAS and ASES (0.7 vs 1.3 and 91.2 vs 84.6, respectively; P = .8) between type I and type II grafts. No improvement was seen in VAS (7.3 vs 5.7; P = .2) or ASES (30.6 vs 37.2; P = .5) for type III grafts.Conclusion:MRI appearance of the graft has a significant impact on functional outcomes. Patients with an intact graft or a graft tear leaving the tuberosity covered have lower pain and higher functional scores than those in whom the torn graft leaves the tuberosity uncovered.

scholarly journals Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Maxillary and Mandibular Canines in Indian Population Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhita Somalinga Amardeep ◽  
Sandhya Raghu ◽  
Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Root Canal Anatomy ◽  
Type V

Aim. To investigate the root canal anatomy of single-rooted permanent maxillary and mandibular canines in an Indian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology. A total of 250 permanent maxillary canines and 250 permanent mandibular canines were selected and scanned using CBCT. The root anatomy of each tooth was evaluated for the following parameters: the pattern of the root canals, anatomic length of the crown and the root, the presence of accessory canals, the shape of the access cavity, the position of the apical foramina, root diameter, and dentin thickness of the root. Results. Majority of the teeth had a Type I canal configuration in both maxillary canines (81.6%) and mandibular canines (79.6%). In maxillary canine the other canal patterns found were Type III (11.6%), Type II (2.8%), Type V (2%), Type XIX (1.2%), and Type IV (0.8%). In mandibular canines the various other canal patterns found were Type III (13.6%), Type II (3.2%), Type V (2%), and Type XIX (1.6%). Apical foramina were laterally positioned in the majority of the teeth, 70.4% and 65.6% in maxillary and mandibular canines, respectively. 12% of the maxillary canines and 12.8% of the mandibular canines had accessory canals. Conclusion. The root canal anatomy of permanent maxillary and mandibular canines varied widely in an Indian population.

scholarly journals Visualisation of Rouviere’s Sulcus during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (199) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabin Bikram Thapa ◽  
Dhiresh Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Theten Yonjan Tamang ◽  
Suman Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Calot’S Triangle ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Safe dissection of Calot’s Triangle is important during the performance of laparascopic cholucystectomy. The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of demonstrable Rouviere’s sulcus in patients with symptomatic gall stones and its role in safe dissection in Calot’s triangle. Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study design done in Department of surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from Jan 2013 to Jan 2015. Patients who were posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. During laparoscopy, Rouviere’s sulcus was noted in the operative note and classified according to following: Type I: Open type was defined as a cleft in which the right hepatic pedicle was visualized and the sulcus was opened throughout its length. Type II: if the sulcus was open only at its lateral end. Type III If the sulcus was open only at its medial end. Type IV: Fused type was defined as one in which the pedicle was not visualized. Results: A total of 200 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during period of 2 years. Out of which Rouviere’s sulcus was visualized in 150 patients (75 %).Type I (open type) was commoner in 54%, type II in 12%, Type III in 9% and type IV (fused type) in 25%. Conclusions: Rouviere’s Sulcus is an important extra biliary land mark for safe dissection of Calot’s triangle during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Keywords: Rouviere’s Sulcus, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile duct injury.

scholarly journals Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae in patients attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1507-1511
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun ◽  
Diwakar Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Foraminal Stenosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae

Introduction: Lumbosacral Transitional vertebrae are congenital anomalies of lumbosacral vertebral junction. It may present either as sacralization of fifth lumbar vertebrae or lumbarization of first sacral vertebrae. Various secondary pathological spinal conditions such as intervertebral disc herniation and/or degeneration, facet joint arthrosis and spinal canal or foraminal stenosis are associated with the presence of LSTV. The failure in the identification may lead to clinical consequences such as errors in diagnosis of disease and lumbosacral procedures. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of LSTV in patients presenting to Department of Radiology of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal.. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Radiology of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal.Plain radiographs including Antero-posterior (AP) and Lateral views of lumbosacral spine of 343 patients referred for the scan were analyzed for the presence of lumbosacral vertebrae. Result: Out of 343 patients, LSTV was found in 61 (17.8%) subjects. Thirty-eight subjects (11.1%) exhibited sacralization and 23 (6.7%) showed lumbarization.Out of total LSTV subjects,  type I A was present in 8 (13.1%), type I B in 21 (34.4%), type II A in 10 (16.4%), type II B in 5 (8.2%) , type III A in 6 (9.8%) , type III B in 9 (14.8%) and type IV in 2 (3.3%). Conclusion: The LSTV is prevalent in almostone-fifth of subjects presenting to department of radiology of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar for lumbosacral scan.. Sacralization occurs more frequently than lumbarization, both of which alter the morphology of anatomical structures in spine. The presence of anomaly in this region may be related to occurrence of various pathological and clinical conditions.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

scholarly journals Perforator preservation technologies (PPT) based on a new neuro-interventional classification in endovascular treatment of perforator involving aneurysms (piANs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Ao-Fei Liu ◽  
Han-Cheng Qiu ◽  
Xianli Lv ◽  
Ji Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Saccular Aneurysm ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fusiform Aneurysm ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Perforating Artery ◽  
Protection Technology ◽  
Perforating Arteries

Abstract Background Treatment of perforator involving aneurysm (piAN) remains a challenge to open and endovascular neurosurgeons. Our aim is to demonstrate a primary outcome of endovascular therapy for piANs with the use of perforator preservation technologies (PPT) based on a new neuro-interventional classification. Methods The piANs were classified into type I: aneurysm really arises from perforating artery, type II: saccular aneurysm involves perforating arteries arising from its neck (IIa) or dome (IIb), and type III: fusiform aneurysm involves perforating artery. Stent protection technology of PPT was applied in type I and III aneurysms, and coil-basket protection technology in type II aneurysms. An immediate outcome of aneurysmal obliteration after treatment was evaluated (satisfactory obliteration: the saccular aneurysm body is densely embolized (I), leaving a gap in the neck (IIa) or dome (IIb) where the perforating artery arising; fusiform aneurysm is repaired and has a smooth inner wall), and successful perforating artery preservation was defined as keeping the good antegrade flow of those perforators on postoperative angiography. The periprocedural complication was closely monitored, and clinical and angiographic follow-ups were performed. Results Six consecutive piANs (2 ruptured and 4 unruptured; 1 type I, 2 type IIa, 2 type IIb, and 1 type III) in 6 patients (aged from 43 to 66 years; 3 males) underwent endovascular therapy between November 2017 and July 2019. The immediate angiography after treatment showed 6 aneurysms obtained satisfactory obliteration, and all of their perforating arteries were successfully preserved. During clinical follow-up of 13–50 months, no ischemic or hemorrhagic event of the brain occurred in the 6 patients, but has one who developed ischemic event in the territory of involving perforators 4 h after operation and completely resolved within 24 h. Follow-up angiography at 3 to 10M showed patency of the parent artery and perforating arteries of treated aneurysms, with no aneurysmal recurrence. Conclusions Our perforator preservation technologies on the basis of the new neuro-interventional classification seem feasible, safe, and effective in protecting involved perforators while occluding aneurysm.

scholarly journals Intracellular and Extracellular Markers of Lethality in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Quantitative Proteomic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Luca Bini ◽  
Domitille Schvartz ◽  
Chiara Carnemolla ◽  
Roberta Besio ◽  
Nadia Garibaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Fibrillin 1 ◽  
Heritable Disorder

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder that mainly affects the skeleton. The inheritance is mostly autosomal dominant and associated to mutations in one of the two genes, COL1A1 and COL1A2, encoding for the type I collagen α chains. According to more than 1500 described mutation sites and to outcome spanning from very mild cases to perinatal-lethality, OI is characterized by a wide genotype/phenotype heterogeneity. In order to identify common affected molecular-pathways and disease biomarkers in OI probands with different mutations and lethal or surviving phenotypes, primary fibroblasts from dominant OI patients, carrying COL1A1 or COL1A2 defects, were investigated by applying a Tandem Mass Tag labeling-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (TMT LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach and bioinformatic tools for comparative protein-abundance profiling. While no difference in α1 or α2 abundance was detected among lethal (type II) and not-lethal (type III) OI patients, 17 proteins, with key effects on matrix structure and organization, cell signaling, and cell and tissue development and differentiation, were significantly different between type II and type III OI patients. Among them, some non–collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., decorin and fibrillin-1) and proteins modulating cytoskeleton (e.g., nestin and palladin) directly correlate to the severity of the disease. Their defective presence may define proband-failure in balancing aberrances related to mutant collagen.

scholarly journals Brachial supporting structure of Spiriferida (Brachiopoda)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Yuan ◽  
Wen Guo ◽  
Dan Lyu ◽  
Yuanlin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Feeding Apparatus ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Abstract The filter-feeding organ of some extinct brachiopods is supported by a skeletal apparatus called the brachidium. Although relatively well studied in Atrypida and Athyridida, the brachidial morphology is usually neglected in Spiriferida. To investigate the variations of brachidial morphology in Spiriferida, 65 species belonging to eight superfamilies were analyzed. Based on the presence/absence of the jugal processes and normal/modified primary lamellae of the spiralia, four types of brachidium are recognized. Type-I (with jugal processes) and Type-II (without jugal processes), both having normal primary lamellae, could give rise to each other by losing/re-evolving the jugal processes. Type-III, without jugal processes, originated from Type-II through evolution of the modified lateral-convex primary lamellae, and it subsequently gave rise to Type-IV by evolving the modified medial-convex primary lamellae. The evolution of brachidia within individual evolutionary lineages must be clarified because two or more types can be present within a single family. Type-III and Type-IV are closely associated with the prolongation of the crura, representing innovative modifications of the feeding apparatus in response to possible shift in the position of the mouth towards the anterior, allowing for more efficient feeding on particles entering the mantle cavity from the anterior gape. Meanwhile, the modified primary lamellae adjusted/regulated the feeding currents. The absence of spires in some taxa with Type-IV brachidium might suggest that they developed a similar lophophore to that in some extant brachiopods, which can extend out of the shell.

scholarly journals Understanding the Evolution and Applications of Intelligent Systems via a Tri-X Intelligence (TI) Model

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Min Zhao ◽  
Zhenbo Ning ◽  
Baicun Wang ◽  
Chen Peng ◽  
Xingyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Ternary Interaction ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
Systematic Scheme

The evolution and application of intelligence have been discussed from perspectives of life, control theory and artificial intelligence. However, there has been no consensus on understanding the evolution of intelligence. In this study, we propose a Tri-X Intelligence (TI) model, aimed at providing a comprehensive perspective to understand complex intelligence and the implementation of intelligent systems. In this work, the essence and evolution of intelligent systems (or system intelligentization) are analyzed and discussed from multiple perspectives and at different stages (Type I, Type II and Type III), based on a Tri-X Intelligence model. Elemental intelligence based on scientific effects (e.g., conscious humans, cyber entities and physical objects) is at the primitive level of intelligence (Type I). Integrated intelligence formed by two-element integration (e.g., human-cyber systems and cyber-physical systems) is at the normal level of intelligence (Type II). Complex intelligence formed by ternary-interaction (e.g., a human-cyber-physical system) is at the dynamic level of intelligence (Type III). Representative cases are analyzed to deepen the understanding of intelligent systems and their future implementation, such as in intelligent manufacturing. This work provides a systematic scheme, and technical supports, to understand and develop intelligent systems.

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