Frequency of Maxillofacial Trauma and Accompanying Types of Maxillofacial Fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess patterns of maxillofacial trauma in the pediatric population in Atlanta. This information is important to help guide management and allocate resources for treatment of maxillofacial injuries at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of children who presented from 2006 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age 18 years old or younger, (2) presentation to emergency department, (3) diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures, and (4) evaluation by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology, or Plastic Surgery services. Medical records were reviewed to record demographic, mechanism of injury, fracture location, and yearly incidence of injury. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarize findings and overall trends. Results: During the study period, 39,833 patients were identified. Of them, 1995 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were male (n = 1359, 68%) with an average age of 9.4 years old (range of 1 month to 18 years old). Mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (n = 597, 29.9%), fall (n = 565, 28.3%), sports injury (n = 317, 15.9%), pedestrian struck (n = 215, 10.8%), assault/abuse (n = 204, 10.2%), other (n = 81, 4.1%), or gunshot wound (n = 16, 0.8%). Fracture sites were mandible (n = 519, 26%), complex (n = 479, 24%), nasal (n = 419, 21%), dentoalveolar (n = 279, 14%), orbital (n = 259, 13%), and maxilla (n = 40, 2%). Males had a higher incidence of assault than females (n = 185, 91% of assaults). The incidence of maxillofacial trauma increased with age with a peak incidence in 13 to 16-year-olds (n = 566, 28.3%). During the years examined, there was an upward trend in MVCs as the etiology with a peak incidence of facial fractures due to MVCs occurring in 2015. All other mechanisms remained constant during this time period. Conclusions: There was an increase in pediatric facial fractures secondary to motor vehicle collisions from 2007 to 2015 despite improvements in regulations, traffic safety, and technology.

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“AN ANALYSIS OF OPHTHALMIC INJURIES IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”

10.36106/ijsr/7102551 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-83

Author(s):

Sharmila. S ◽

Abhilash Balakrishnan ◽

Saji Nair .A ◽

Ajith Kumar.K

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Age Group ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Periorbital Oedema ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Ocular Injuries

PURPOSE OFTHE STUDY: To estimate the proportion and types of ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with maxillofacial trauma, who came to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Government Dental college Thiruvananthapuram from November 2020 to June 2021were included in this study. The information and data collected included age, sex, mechanism of injury, type of maxillofacial fracture and type of ophthalmic injury. RESULTS: Ocular injury was sustained by 209 patients out of which 180 (86.1%) were males and 29(13.9%)were females. The largest age group of patients associated with ophthalmic injuries were 30-39 years. The etiology of facial fractures or ocular injuries showed that road trafc accidents more frequently resulted in ocular injuries 66.5% followed by assault 18.7% and self fall 14.8%. Ophthalmic injuries occurred mostly in association with orbital fractures 33.5% followed by Zygomatico maxillary complex fracture 26.8%and Maxillary sinus fractures 24.4%. Periorbital oedema was the most common ophthalmic injury accounting for 46.4%of cases followed by Periorbital ecchymosis 35.4% and Subconjuntival haemorrhage 17.2%. CONCLUSION: Mid facial trauma commonly causes ophthalmic injuries of varying degrees. Prompt ophthalmic examination of all patients with mid facial trauma is mandatory to prevent any blinding complications

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Isolated Tympanic Plate Fracture Frequency and Its Relationship to Mandibular Trauma

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal ◽

10.1016/j.carj.2014.02.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 360-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Canan Altay ◽

Nezahat Erdoğan ◽

Ozan Batkı ◽

Erdem Eren ◽

Sedat Altay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Images ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Condylar Process ◽

Plate Fracture ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mandible Fractures ◽

The Right ◽

Communications System

PurposeThis study evaluated the prevalence of isolated tympanic fractures and their correlation with mandibular fractures by using maxillofacial computed tomography (CT).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the maxillofacial CT of 1590 patients who presented to our emergency department with maxillofacial trauma between December 2010 and December 2012. Maxillofacial CT was used as the criterion standard for evaluating patients with maxillofacial fractures. The CT images were evaluated by using an electronic picture archiving and communications system and interpreted independently by 2 radiologists.ResultsThe maxillofacial CT images revealed mandibular fractures in 167 of the patients and isolated tympanic plate fractures in 35 of these 167 patients. Four patients (11%) had a bilateral tympanic plate fracture, and 31 patients (89%) had unilateral tympanic plate fracture. Of all the tympanic plate fractures, 19 (54%) were on the right side and 16 (46%) were on the left side ( P > .05). In our results, a significant correlation between the presence of a right-sided tympanic plate fracture and fracture of the ipsilateral condylar process was found ( P = .036). However, a statistically significant difference between the presence of a tympanic plate fracture and other mandible fractures, additional soft-tissue findings, or the number of fractures was not determined ( P > .05). Sex had no impact on the presence of tympanic plate fracture ( P > .05).ConclusionThe frequency of isolated tympanic plate fractures in maxillofacial trauma is low, but it is an important anatomic location. Condyle fractures are significantly associated with isolated tympanic plate fractures. The presence of these injuries should raise suspicion of a concomitant isolated tympanic plate fracture.

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A comparison of maxillofacial trauma before and after implementation of lockout laws in Sydney

Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.34239/ajops.v1i1.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 64-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shiv Chopra ◽

Rhys Gordon Van der Rijt ◽

Quan Ngo ◽

Frederick K Clarke ◽

James Peter Southwell-Keely ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Information ◽

Operative Management ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Pattern Of Injury ◽

South Wales ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Before And After ◽

Treatment Data

Background: Lockout reforms were introduced in February 2014 by the New South Wales government in an attempt to curb alcohol-related violence in Sydney, following a number of fatalities. Changes include 1.30 a.m. venue lockouts and the 3 a.m. cessation of alcohol service. This study aims to assess the results of these reforms through analysis of departmental treatment data. All maxillofacial fractures that required operative management at St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, over a two-year period pre and post reforms were analysed.Methods: Medical information, from multiple sources, of patients that required operative management for maxillofacial fractures over a 2-year period (2012-2014) were compared to those between (2014-2016). Data collected included age, gender, demographics, mechanism of injury, pattern of injury, treatment required, association with alcohol, time and place of injury, and long-term complications.Results: 145 maxillofacial fractures were operatively treated prior to the reforms compared to only 58 (p<0.001) post. Reported incidents occurring in the city significantly fell from 54 to 15 (p<0.001), with no change in peripheral locations. The operated cases associated with alcohol dropped post reforms (102/145 (70%) vs 33/58 (57%). The number of assaults related to ‘king hits’ significantly reduced from 30 (33%) to just 5 (19.2%).Conclusion: This study demonstrates a clear correlation with the reduction in maxillofacial trauma, alcohol and violence in a localised region of Sydney since the arrival of the lockout reforms. As such, it can provide guidance to other regions in Australia into the effects of such laws and its repercussions on patient care and service.

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Updates on the Epidemiology and Pattern of Traumatic Maxillofacial Injuries in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort In-Hospital Outcome Study

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1384740 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 50-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AdeolaAdenike Olusanya ◽

AmosOlufemi Adeleye ◽

TimothyOlukunle Aladelusi ◽

AbiodunOlubayo Fasola

Keyword(s):

University Teaching ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Associated Injuries ◽

Maxillofacial Injuries ◽

Facial Injuries ◽

Low Resource ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Clinical Records

Many studies have been undertaken in Nigeria on maxillofacial trauma. However, only a few have considered both the skeletal and soft tissue injuries (in general) involving all the aspects of the maxillofacial region or considered other etiological sources of trauma apart from road traffic crashes. Fewer still have reviewed the outcome of management of facial injuries in our low-resource environment. This study sets out to examine the recent trends in both the clinical and epidemiological patterns of all facial injuries from all causes seen in a low-resource practice of a developing country. It also assessed the in-hospital treatment outcomes, and the levels of the patients’ satisfaction with treatment received in this setting. Over a 12-month period, the clinical records of consecutive patients who were evaluated and treated for maxillofacial injuries in our unit were prospectively acquired, entered into predesigned forms and subsequently analyzed. There were 259 patients (79.5% males) during the study period. The mean age was 32.21(± 16.588) years. Overall, motor bike crashes, 42.1%, were the commonest source of these traumas; and armed robbery was the commonest form (69.0%) of assault. Mandibular fractures were the commonest maxillofacial fractures (37.8%) whereas head injury had the highest frequency among the associated injuries (71.4%). Closed reduction and immobilization was deployed in 88.0% of those who had treatment and majority was satisfied with the esthetic outcome of the treatment received. Mean length of hospital stay was 12.6 (± 4.423) days. Maxillofacial trauma poses a significant socioeconomic burden on affected individuals in this study population. This is made worse by the presence of associated injuries in the other body systems. More local studies on the outcome of management of maxillofacial trauma will improve the available literature in this region.

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Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Southern Provinces of India

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10062-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 5-7

Author(s):

VN Shankar ◽

Ashwini LNU

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Common Type ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Trauma Centers ◽

Peak Incidence ◽

Zygomatic Bone ◽

Midface Fractures ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Frequent Site

ABSTRACT Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial fractures in southern provinces of India. Materials and methods Data of a total of 2,037 patients were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 3 years, i.e., from 2010 to 2013, from various maxillofacial trauma centers of Karnataka, India. Results Study revealed that the maxillofacial fractures had male (87.5%) preponderance and its peak incidence was during 20 to 30 years of age. Isolated mandibular fractures were the most common type of fractures with 1,035 patients (50.81%), followed by isolated midface fractures in 526 patients (25.82%). Among midface fractures, zygomatic bone and arch were most frequently involved. Conclusion Mandible was the frequent site involved. Among maxillary fractures, zygomatic bone and arch were more often involved. How to cite this article Shankar VN, Ashwini. Prevalence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Southern Provinces of India. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(1):5-7.

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comparison of maxillofacial trauma before and after implementation of lockout laws in Sydney

Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.34239/ajops.v1n1.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Shiv Chopra ◽

Rhys Gordon Van der Rijt ◽

Quan Ngo ◽

Frederick K Clarke ◽

James Peter Southwell-Keely ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Information ◽

Operative Management ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Pattern Of Injury ◽

South Wales ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Before And After ◽

Treatment Data

Background: Lockout reforms were introduced in February 2014 by the New South Wales government in an attempt to curb alcohol-related violence in Sydney, following a number of fatalities. Changes include 1.30 a.m. venue lockouts and the 3 a.m. cessation of alcohol service. This study aims to assess the results of these reforms through analysis of departmental treatment data. All maxillofacial fractures that required operative management at St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, over a two-year period pre and post reforms were analysed.Methods: Medical information, from multiple sources, of patients that required operative management for maxillofacial fractures over a 2-year period (2012-2014) were compared to those between (2014-2016). Data collected included age, gender, demographics, mechanism of injury, pattern of injury, treatment required, association with alcohol, time and place of injury, and long-term complications.Results: 145 maxillofacial fractures were operatively treated prior to the reforms compared to only 58 (p<0.001) post. Reported incidents occurring in the city significantly fell from 54 to 15 (p<0.001), with no change in peripheral locations. The operated cases associated with alcohol dropped post reforms (102/145 (70%) vs 33/58 (57%). The number of assaults related to ‘king hits’ significantly reduced from 30 (33%) to just 5 (19.2%).Conclusion: This study demonstrates a clear correlation with the reduction in maxillofacial trauma, alcohol and violence in a localised region of Sydney since the arrival of the lockout reforms. As such, it can provide guidance to other regions in Australia into the effects of such laws and its repercussions on patient care and service.

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Cost Analysis of Maxillofacial Trauma in Shiraz Shahid Rajayee Hospital

Journal of Isfahan Dental School ◽

10.18502/ijds.v17i2.6879 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Aliabadi ◽

Nima Jalali

Keyword(s):

Financial Burden ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

And Gender ◽

Different Parts

Introduction: Accidents are one of the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in different societies. One of the prevalent complications of crash and other accidents is maxillofacial fractures which in addition to abundant difficulties for patients has a high burden for health system of countries. So the aim of this study was analytical evaluation of financial burden of maxillofacial trauma with respect to demographic variables, therefore the costs of maxillofacial traumas were evaluated in Shiraz. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, records of 200 patients hospitalized for maxillofacial trauma in Shiraz Shahid Rajayee hospital during 2018 to 2019 were evaluated. Costs of different parts of treatment, trauma mechanisms in addition to demographic characteristics (age and gender) were recorded for each patient. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis. Results: Of total of 200 patients were hospitalized due to the maxillofacial injuries, 40 (20 %) were female and 160 (80%) were male. The age average was 39.9 years. The most common cause of trauma was crashes (81.5%). In average, 89272763 Rials was spent for each patient. Conclusion: Results of the current study demonstrated that a huge budget is spent each year for accident patients whom have maxillofacial fractures.

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Patterns of maxillofacial fractures treated in a tertiary care government hospital of Puducherry – A descriptive cross-sectional study

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i4.33983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

Shanmugam Devakumari ◽

Vijhayapriya Thanasekar ◽

Nandini Biradar ◽

Neil Dominic

Keyword(s):

Open Reduction ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

The Common

Background: Maxillofacial trauma is most common in both developing and developed countries. Descriptive studies from various parts of the world helps us in understanding the patterns of these injuries which in turn help in formulating tailor made prevention strategies for that particular geographic region. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the patterns of maxillofacial fractures treated in IGMC & RI in Puducherry from 2011-2018. The objectives are to find out the type of maxillofacial fractures treated, to estimate the demographic data of maxillofacial fracture victims and to assess the treatment modality used(Closed reduction /open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Materials and Methods: Data of surgically treated patients of maxillofacial fractures were retrieved, tabulated and analysed using SPSS software – 24 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The estimated results clearly indicate that males were most commonly affected by maxillofacial trauma. The common age group is 20 to 30 years. The major contributing aetiology for trauma is RTA and the common fracture that was encountered was fracture mandible and the fractures were largely managed by open reduction. Conclusion: The results obtained are expected to greatly contribute for the planning of prevention actions and management in health, assistance practices to victims of facial trauma, epidemiological surveillance and road traffic rules.

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(A73) Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma at Level Trauma 1 Centre

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x1100080x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. s20-s21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Sagar ◽

M. Singhal ◽

K. Kataria ◽

S. Kumar ◽

A. Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Medical Problem ◽

The Body ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Emergency Rooms ◽

Concomitant Injuries ◽

Common Location ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures

BackgroundThere is an upward trend in facial injuries following changes in population pattern, increasing industrialization and urbanization, hence maxillofacial trauma is becoming a burden and a leading medical problem in emergency rooms worldwide.MethodA retrospective study of patients with maxillofacial fractures seen and treated at the Jai Parkash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, AIIMS, New Delhi, India between January 2007 to June 2010. Data extracted from the patients' records include aetiology, age, sex, types and sites of fractures, treatment modality and concomitant injuries.ResultsThere were 795 fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton and 86 concomitant injuries from 542 patients. Road traffic accident (56.8%) was the most common aetiologic factor, followed by falls (22.3%) and fights (18.5%). The age range was from 3 years to 75 years (mean = 34.7) with a peak incidence in the 3rd decade with a male–female sex ratio of 3.7:1. The most common location of maxillofacial fractures was the mandible 615(77%) and middle third 205(23%). With regards to mandibular fractures, the body (29.6%) was the commonest sites, followed by the angle (24.4%), ramus (19.5%), dentoalveolar (14.6%), symphysis (11.0%), condyle (0.8%) while in the middle third, the nasal bone (36.7%) was the most common, followed by zygomatic bone (27.8), Lefort II (14.4), Lefort I (7.8%), dentoalveolar (10.0%) and Lefort III (3.3%). Majority of the patients were treated by Open reduction and internal fixation (70.6). Concomitant injuries were 10.8% with orthopaedic injuries accounting for the majority (63.9%). Head injury was associated with 16.3 % of cases.ConclusionMaxillofacial fractures are on the increase. We advocate the establishment of regionalized trauma centers with basic training available to all surgical residents for initial emergency room management.

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