scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE FAMILIES OF DAIRY HERD BY THE PRODUCTIVITY AND BREEDING VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Black And White

Effective interbreed selection, which involves family breeding, is an important task today, because the presence of valuable families characterizes the degree of herd selectivity and the level of breeding in it. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the zootechnical accounting data of dairy productivity and breeding value of cow families at highly productive herd of Public joint-stock company “Stud farm “Stepnoy”, in Kamyansko-Dniprovskyy district of Zaporizhzhya region created by crossbreeding of the females of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed with Holstein breeders. The analysis included 45 families, with a head count of 8 to 19 heads, including foundation cows. Malta family UA2300205993 had the maximum number of descendants (6 daughters, 6 granddaughters and 6 great-grandchildren), and Malta family UA2300241359 (3 daughters and 3 granddaughters) – minimal. Found to be that the families under control were characterized by a significant level of differentiation in milk yield and fat and protein content in milk. The Mazi family UA230023375 was the best by milk yield, the Lemonka family UA2300233684 – by the fat in milk, by the protein in milk – Nasypa UA2300222571. At the same time, foundation cow Kviten UA2300077306, Nasypa UA2300222571, Yana UA2300248883, Lamysta UA2300198909 and Sokyra UA2300241365 had the most highly productive daughters; their milk yields for higher lactation was in the range 11143.5–12780.0 kg. At the same time high-productive foundation cows did not always receive high-productive daughters. In particular, 3 daughters of the foundation cow Krovlya UA2300229133, whose milk yields for higher lactation was 12671 kg, had lower milk yields by an average of 2704.7 kg. However, foundation cows with low milk yields level had daughters who had this rate significantly higher, including the foundation cow Kviten UA2300077306, Toskana UA2300077167, Liga UA2300034958, Maket UA2300241388 and Manilka UA2300233701, whose highest milk yields level for the highest lactation was in the range 5625–7701 kg, and ho had daughters whose milk yield was higher than their mothers by an average of 4858.5; 3975.3; 3704; 3299.5 and 3186.7 kg respectively. The granddaughter of the experimental foundation cows ranged from 8413.0 to12942.6 kg, fat content in milk – from 3.50 to 4.13% and protein content in milk – from 3.05 to 3.29%, and the figures of great-grandchildren were respectively 7114.0–11991.3 kg, 3.49–3.92% and 3.00–3.29%. It should be noted that 15 foundation cows gave granddaughters with an average milk yield of over 10000 kg, 13 with a milk yield more than 11000 and 3 – with a yield of more than 12000 and only 2 foundation cows had second generation descendants with an average yield of less than 9000 kg. The grandchildren of 14 foundation cows had over 10000 kg of milk yields, and 7 over 11000 kg. The breeding value of the foundation cows by the milk yields was within -497 (Liga UA2300034958) – +1614.4 kg (Tsykl UA2300233484), by the fat content in milk – within -0.098 (Hanh UA2300233710) – +0.280% (Stezhka UA2300205863) and by the protein content of milk within -0.073 (Maket UA2300241388) – +0.053% (Stezhka UA2300205863), breeding value by the above indicators of their daughters were accordingly within -554.9 – +819.3 kg, -0.065 – +0.095% and -0.038 – +0.045%, granddaughters – within -326.3 – +786.2 kg, -0.048 – +0.145% and -0.033 – +0.025% and to a great-granddaughters – within -670.5 – +590.3 kg, -0.067 – +0.043 and -0.043 – +0.030%. The most valuable in the herd relation by milk yield appeared to be Mazi family UA2300233755, Lemonka family UA2300233684 – by the fat content in milk and by the protein content in milk – the Nasypa family UA230022257. Among evaluated families by the nature of changes in breeding values in generations 31 (68.9%) were progressive, 4 (8.9%) were stable and 10 (22.2%) regressive. The prediction of the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding and prediction of certain changes by the productivity indices of subsequent generations can be made by correlation and regression coefficients of the main features: milk yield, fat content, and protein content in milk. The highest and most likely coefficients of correlation (r = 0.39) and regressions (R = 0.42) were observed between the milk yield of foundation cows families and their daughters. Each succeeding generation had declined and the indices of descendants of the third generation were unreliable. Influence of foundation cows in future generations, depending on the generation and nature of the features of milk productivity, was also different. Milk yield (h2 = 0.26–0.79) was characterized by the highest and most reliable heritability estimate, much lower and unreliable in the second and third generations – the fat (h2 = 0.10–0.22) and protein content in milk (h2 = 0.12–0.24). It indicates that in the controlled herd more attention is paid to milk yield focus breeding. Therefore, to improve family fat and protein content in milk it should be used breeders whose mothers have high fat and protein content in milk.

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY SAANEN GOATS OF SELECTION OF LATVIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
K. O. Skoryk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Significant Coefficient

The aim of the work was to study the basic productive traits of Saanen goats of Latvian selection in the order of their selection value: milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. These traits were investigated in the daughters from different goats-fathers. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted at "Grandmother’s Goats" breeding farm, Galaiky village, Tetiiv district, Kyiv region on Saanen goats of Latvian selection. From mid-spring to mid-autumn the goats grazed and were kept in a corral. In winter, the goats were indoors on deep litter. Milking was twice a day into milk pipeline, it took place in the milking room with 12 seats. The farm is provided enough by coarse, succulent and concentrate feeds. It is considered that the winter diet of dairy goats is hay, twigs, concentrate feed, root vegetables, and mineral supplements. The primary livestock data of milk production in 41 goats for seven lactations were considered. The basic selection traits were studied in the order of their breeding value: milk yield, fat and protein content in milk. The same traits were investigated in terms of fathers of milking goats. The obtained results were processed statistically by N. A. Plohinskiy (1970). Results of research. The research results show that milk yield of Saanen goats of Latvian selection varied depending on lactation. It was found that the milk production during the 1st lactation was 565 kg, fat content in milk – 3.2% and protein content – 3.0%. Milk yield per lactation tended to increase – from the 3rd to 6th lactation inclusively, as compared with the 1st and 7th. The maximum level of milk yield was during the 6th lactation. The differences in milk yield between the 6th and the 1st, 2nd, 5th and 7th lactations are significant with the second degree of reliability. Significant coefficient of variation for milk yield (20-35%) gives reason to consider it possible to conduct the selection by this trait. Several other data are presented by T. Orlovskaya. She considers that goats produce maximum milk yield on average after the 3rd parturition. Milking ability of goats after the 5th-6th lactation begins to fall gradually. She also thinks that biological value of milk is reduced with increase in milk yield, namely reduced fat content and, in some cases, changing the taste of milk. Subsequently, the fat content in milk during the 2nd-4th lactations increased by 0.1%, and during the 5th lactation it reached the maximum level – 3.6%. The protein content in the investigated goat milk was small and ranged from 3 to 3.1%. Differences in fat and protein content during all the lactations were unreliable. Ratio of fat content to protein content in Saanen goats’ milk was studied for seven lactations. It was found that the ratio of fat to milk for all the seven lactations did not reach the optimal levels. This is lack of milk quality of the investigated goats. Milk yield, fat and protein content in milk of daughters of four Saanen billy goats were investigated to determine the influence of fathers on the daughters’ productivity. Analysis of milk productivity data for daughters of goats Amors 046062340091, Wicks 030810040238, Priers 0460623640427 and Frends 038028540074 showed that the highest milk yield was in daughters of Amors 046062340091 – 622 kg. Several less milk yield (590 kg) was in the daughters of Frends 038028540074, and the lowest milk yields were observed in daughters of Wicks 030810040238 and Priers 0460623640427. Thus, daughters’ milk yields depend essentially on fathers. At the same time the fat and protein content in the milk of daughters from different fathers is almost identical. This should be taken into account at matching billy goats for breeding stock of goats. In our research of milk yield of daughters from different billy goats there was a significant difference, but protein and fat content in daughters’ milk almost was no different. Thus, the findings don’t always coincide with the data given in the literature. This concerns with the milk production of Saanen goats and its quality (fat and protein content). Earlier, we have shown that Saanen goats’ milk had a little lower density than in Lamancha, Russian, Nubian, Alpine and Megrelian goats. Protein content was at level of 3.85%, or 1.4% greater than in Russian goats’ milk, but 0.15% less than in Lamancha, 1.23% less than in Nubian, 0.4% – in Alpine, and 1.65% ­– in Megrelian goats’ milk. The fat content in goat milk of the compared breeds was also the lowest (by 1.85% than in Lamancha, by 0.79% than in Russian, by 0.97% than in Nubian, by 0.57% than in Alpine and 1.12% than in Megrelian breeds). Also, content of dry milk residue was low (0.67-1.48% less). Despite these differences in milk yield of goats, research in this area should be expanded in order to determine the prospects for further goat breeding of certain breeds. Conclusions. Milk yield per lactation tended to increase – from the 3rd to 6th lactation inclusively, as compared with the 1st and 7th. The maximum level of milk yield was during the 6th lactation. Significant coefficient of variation for milk yield (20-35%) gives reason to consider it possible to conduct the selection by this trait. The differences in the level of milk production of daughters from different goats were revealed that should be taken into account at matching billy goats for breeding stock. In Ukraine goats’ milk yield of different breeds requires further study.

THE BLACK-AND-WHITE CATTLE BREEDING RESULTS WHEN USING THE POTENTIAL OF HOLSTEIN BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
А.I. Shendakov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Positive Correlations

The share of genes of Holstein breed was 76.8% in the herd. It was found that during the research period, the normal distributions of milk productivity traits were observed in the herd. The number of cows in the herd decreased, but their breeding qualities increased. The main reason for which animals were culled from the herd was their gynecological diseases (in some years, up to 175 to 188 heads were culled). The protein content in milk varied from 2.90 to 3.39%. Most cows produced milk in which the protein content was at a level of 3.00 to 3.19%. The herd showed positive correlations between the yields of mothers and daughters for the 305-day-long period: 0.234 for the whole herd, 0.517 for the group of cows with 50% of Holstein breed (HF) genes, 0.098 for the group with 51-75% of HF genes, and 0,189 for the group with minimum 76% of HF genes. For the herd, the heritability coefficient for milk yield for the 305- day-long period (h2) was 0.468. The percent of the protein content in milk produced by cows with 50% of Holstein genes had a high heritability coefficient of 0.668. Only cows of the M. Chieftain line showed positive correlations between the fat content in milk produced by mothers and daughters, and positive correlations between the protein content in milk produced by cows of the W. B. Ideal and M. Chieftain lines was found. With an increase in percent of Holstein breed genes (HF) from 25 to 75% and more, there were no significant differences in milk yield among first-calf cows (they amounted to 5,424 ± 83 – 5,520 ± 116 kg of milk). The percentage of fat and protein in milk for the whole herd was positively interconnected (r = + 0.460). On average, daughters exceeded their mothers by 23.3% in terms of milk yield and by 2.0% in terms of the percentage of fat content in milk (of the trait value). The quantity of milk fat and protein increased by 25.8 and 22.5%, respectively. Based on the research results, it has been concluded that the Holstein breed has a positive effect on the productive traits of dairy cattle, but technology optimization is required to continue selection activities.

scholarly journals Correlation between the breeding indicators of black and white cows in Bulgaria

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
V. Gaidarsca ◽  
N. Rusev ◽  
Y. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

The objective of this study was to estimate coefficients of variability heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations between indicators of milk productivity in relation to milk yield and fat content, butter fat and protein content in milk. The foremost quality of 21st century Holstein cow is efficiency (Beaulieu, 1993). She must continue to increase both life production and production per year, preserving the quality. Due to the use of optimum breeding programs the rates of the genetic improvement of milk production have increased nearly twice in the 1990 as compared to those in the 1970 according to Aleksiev et.al. (1991), Vankov (1978), Vankov et.al. (1982) and Kennedy,(1991). A primary objective of this study was to determine coefficients of variability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlation between indicators of milk productivity in relation to milk yield and fat content, butter fat and protein content in milk. Heritability, genetic and phenotype correlation of milk productivity and protein content in milk of Bulgarian Black and White cows White were estimated, using the linear statistical model (Harvey 1977).

Milk productivity of cows of different ages under the conditions of the dairy complex «Ryzhovo»

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
G. Rodionov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
L. Tabakova ◽  
G. Tabakov ◽  
A. Olesyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Breeding Mode ◽  
Favorable Conditions

When production of milk in industrial volumes it is necessary to monitor all processes aff ecting its quantity and quality: animal feeding, breeding, mode and method of milking, herd reproduction, labour organization in the dairy complex, creating favorable conditions for cows that correspond to physiological characteristics. The dairy industry continues to impose higher and higher demands on milk, so in addition to improving the milk productivity of cows, we must not forget about the quality of the product. The issues of milk yield of cows, fat and protein, yield of milk fat and protein, somatic cells in milk of cows of Black-and-White breed for a number of lactations in terms of the dairy complex “Ryzhovo” have been considered in the article. It has been noted be researches that in the 1st and 2nd lactations milk yield of animals was 10 621 and 10 553 kg, respectively. The highest productivity of the cows has reached in the 3rd and 4th lactations 11 365 and 11 655 kg, respectively, after which, in the 5th lactation there was a decrease in milk yield to 10 592 kg. When considering fat content for diff erent lactations, positive dynamics up to the 4th lactation inclusive has been revealed. Thus, the fat content in milk for the 1st lactation was 3,61 %, for 2nd – 3,68 %, for 3rd – 3,93 % and 4th – 4,00 %. In the 5th lactation fat content decreased to 3,78 %. It has been found when calculating the yield of milk fat in experimental cows for lactation that up to the 4th lactation inclusive the indicator increases: for the 1st lactation received 383 kg of milk fat, 2nd – 388 kg, 3rd – 447 kg, 4th – 466 kg, and for the 5th lactation, the decrease in the index to 400 kg. At the same time the yield of milk fat for the 5th lactation exceeds the 1st and 2nd. The protein content in the milk of cows of diff erent ages during the fi rst four lactations increases from 3,18 to 3,43 %. Then, in the 5th lactation there is the decrease in protein content to 3,35 %, however, this fi gure is second only to the highest the 4th lactation. It has been established that before the 3rd lactation the number of somatic cells in milk increases, then in the 4th lactation this indicator decreases (151,25 thousand/cm3 ) and in the 5th lactation reaches a maximum (242,27 thousand/cm3).

scholarly journals Milk productivity of cows-daughters from different bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third

The results of researches of signs of milk productivity of the cows from different bulls for the first, second, third and higher lactations are presented. Studies were conducted on Black-and-White cattle (n = 1981) at Private Joint Stock Company “Plemzavod Styepnoy” Zaporizhia Oblast. There was studied the duration of lactation, milk yields of full and 305 days of lactation, fat and protein content in milk, quantity of milk fat and milk protein of descendants of different parents on the basis of a retrospective analysis of data for the period from 2004 to 2017 (the management program of the dairy herd “Uniform-Agri”). It was established that bulls have a significant impact on the formation of milk productivity of cows. Daughters of E. Naitinhel 683403608 had the longest duration of the first, second and higher lactation and descendants of N. Ardent 137922325 of the third one. Daughters of the bull G. Dzhungl 7816598 were the best by the milk yield of the full first and higher lactation, daughters E. Naitinhel 683403608 for the full second, and daughters of N. Ardent 137922325 – for the third. For 305 days of lactating there was observed a significant level of intergroup differentiation for the number of milk yield, milk fat and milk protein and much less by the amount of fat and protein in milk. For the first 305 days of lactation daughters of bull L.H.F. Bay 66821678 (10188.0 ± 377.12 kg) were characterized by the highest milk yield, and daughters of F. Gailuron 103356429 (correspondingly 11028.8 ± 30619; 11643.3 ± 590.20 and 10311.7 ± 382.07 kg) for the second, third and the highest lactation, with both bulls belonging to the line R.O.R.E. Eleveyshn 1491007. For 305 days of the first lactation descendants of the bulls V. Silas 7419933 (7003.5 ± 317.79 kg) from the line H.H. Starbak 352790 had the lowest milk yield, daughters of E. Naitinhel 683403608 (7633.0 ± 182.18; 7605.8 ± 224.58 and 8491.7 ± 185.42 kg respectively) from the line R.O.R.E. Eleveyshn 1491007 by the second, third and highest lactation. Detected by comparison of group average conditionality of phenotypic variability quantitative characteristics of the milk productivity of cows derived from different parents was confirmed by the dispersion analysis conducted by us. The most significant influence of bulls were made on the milk yields of daughters for the first-third lactation (12.9–16.8%), lower – for the amount of milk fat (12.4–15.6%) and milk protein (12.2–15.8%) and even lower – for the content of fat (2.5–4.2%) and protein in milk (3.7–6.6%). It should be noted that the effect of the bulls on signs of milk productivity for the lactation under study in their daughters in almost all cases was reliable (P & lt; 0.05–0.001) except for the fat content in milk for the first lactation and fat and protein – for the second and third lactation.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF ANIMALS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS OF CATTLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Babik ◽  
R. S. Oseredchuk
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Western Ukraine

Increasing the number and improving the quality of milk and meat are the main goal and main focus of cattle breeding. The purpose of our research was to study milk and meat productivity of animals of different breeds which are bred in Western Ukraine. The researches were conducted at eight farms in Western Ukraine with cows and bulls of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy, Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy Red, Ayrshire, Red Polish, Simmental, Carpathian Brown, Limousin and Volyn Beef breeds. Evaluation of milk production of cows of dairy and dual-purpose breeds (yield, fat content in milk, the amount of milk fat) was carried out according to the data of zootechnical accounting (during the past 20 years) for the I, II, III, IV, V and the best lactation. The chemical composition of milk was determined in 2-3 months of lactation period in cows of full-age (the III lactation) for each breed using milk analyzer "EKOMILK TOTAL". Researches of meat quality were conducted based on a control slaughter of 3 bulls at the age of 15 months for each breed. Live weight before slaughter was determined after a 24-hour hunger exposure. Weight of pair carcasses, internal fat weight, slaughter weight, carcass yield, the output of internal fat, and slaughter output were determined after slaughter by G. T. Shkuryn method. Weights of flesh, bones and tendons were determined in the semi-carcasses. Ratio of meatiness, calculated as the ratio of flesh to bones and tendons, and muscle-bone ratio, calculated by dividing flesh weight to weight of bones, were determined to assess meat quality. Average sample of mincemeat from three ribs cuts was selected for the chemical analysis. The samples were tested on contents of moisture, dry matter and ash by conventional techniques, of protein content – by Kjeldahl method, fat content – by Soxhlet method. The results of the researches were processed by method of variational statistics using Microsoft Excel and "Statistica 6.1" by N. A. Plohynskiy. It was established that cows of the studied breeds differed in terms of milk production; it is primarily due to the fact that some of them belong to the specialized breeds, others – to local (less productive). However, all of them by milk yield, fat content in milk and the butterfat number prevailed relevant standards of these breeds (exception – fat content in milk during the first lactation of the Ayrshire cows). Highest milk yield was observed during the third lactation at the most animals of the studied breeds and only for Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Simmental breeds – during the fourth lactation. Milk yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle, depending on lactation was within 3970.9-4537.9 kg, fat content in milk – within 3.67-3.71% and the number of milk fat – within 149.5 -168.0 kg; Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy – in accordance within 3503.0-4471.8; 3.76-3.78 and 132.4-168.6; Red Polish – within 2838.4-3698.4; 3.70-3.73 and 107.9-138.6; Ayrshire – within 4034.3-4337.0; 4.0-4.12 and 165.4-181.7; Simmental – within 3026.4-3810.2; 3.76-3.81 and 113.6-145.0 and Carpathian Brown breed – within 2700.5-3384.4 kg; 3.69-3.85% and 99.8-125.9 kg. The results of the control slaughter indicated that the bulls of the studied breeds differed in slaughter qualities and morphological composition of carcasses. The Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy bulls among dairy breeds were characterized by the highest slaughter output (55.2%) and carcass yield (56.7%), the Simmental bulls (58.1 and 59.7% respectively) – among the dual-purpose breeds, and the Limousins (63.2 and 61.4%) – among the beef breeds. The highest percentage of flesh was observed at the semi-carcasses of these animals. Higher contents of protein and fat in meat of the Polish Red bulls were observed among the dairy breeds and in meat of the Simmentals – among the dual-purpose ones. Higher protein content was in meat of the Limousins among the beef breeds and fat content – at the animals of Volyn Beef breed. Ratio of meatiness at the animals of the dairy breeds was within 3.18-3.27, muscle-bone ratio – within 3.83-4.00, these figures were 3,38-3,51 and 4,15-4,33 respectively at the bulls of the dual-purpose breeds, and for the beef breeds – 6,42-6,78 and 6,26-6,59.

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE OF COMPLEX GENOTYPES OF ALFA-LACTALBUMIN AND BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN WITH COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
О. P. Plivachuk ◽  
T. M. Dyman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Dairy Breed

The objective of this work was to study the effect of phenotypic combination of genetic variants α-LA and β-LG on the content of technologically and nutritionally important components of milk in cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed. Method PCR-RFLP was used to identify cow’s genotypes on the indicated genes. Milk yield was calculated based on the results of monthly control milking. It has been determined such indices of cow’s milk: fat content, protein content, total solids content, milk solids non-fat (MSNF) content, lactose content, casein content, casein number, milk density, milk rennet ability, heat stability (alcohol number) of milk. Statistical analysis was carried out using program Statistica 6.0. The study of genetic structure of the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle showed the high level of polymorphism on α-LA and β-LG genes. 6 genotypes were identified. Genetic structure of the herd on two genes simultaneously was determined. 9 complex genotypes were revealed. Phenotypic variants α-LA АВ/β-LG АВ, α-LAАА/β-LG АА and α-LAАВ/β-LG АА had the highest frequency – 26, 21,5and 14 % respectively. Frequencies of remaining genotypes were not higher than 10 %. The highest milk yield (5617 kg) was received from cows with genotype α-LA ВВ/β-LG АА. The percentage of these animals in the herd was only 7,5 %. The lowest milk yield (5367 kg) was fixed for the group of animals with complex genotypeα-LA АА/β-LG ВВ. The frequency of this genotype was 7 %. Three the most distributed complex genotypes (61,5 %) characterized by medium features of milk yield. Cows with genotypes α-LAАВ/β-LGВВ had the highest indices of fat content (3,93 %). The percentage of these animals in the herd was 5 %. The difference between cows’ groups with the highest and the lowest indices of fat content was 0,14% (td=2,5; p<0,05). Cows with genotypes α-LAАВ/β-LG АА had the highest protein content. Their percentage in the herd was 14 %. The difference between cows’ groups with highest and lowest indices of protein content was 0,06 % (td=1,1; p<0,05). The highest indices of casein content and casein number (2,42 % and 78,3 % respectively) were observed in animals with complex genotypes α-LAВВ/β-LG АВ andα-LAВВ/β-LGВВ, their frequency in the studied herd was 11 %. The difference between cows’ groups with highest and lowest above indicators was 0,05 % (td=1,8; p<0,05) and 3 % (td=2,38; p<0,001) respectively. Thus, milk from 11 % of cows of the studied herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed complied with the requirements for cheese manufacture better. Indicator of rennet ability confirmed this. The lowest time of milk coagulation (rennet ability) we observed in milk from cows with complex genotype α-LAВВ/β-LGВВ – 27,7 min. We can assume that expression of alleles B of α-LA and β-LG in this phenotypic combination determines such desirable properties for cheese making. At the same time, milk from cows with complex genotypes α-LAВВ/β-LG АВ and α-LAВВ/β-LGВВ had the worst indices of heat stability, its alcohol number was 2,17 ml. High heat stability of milk was determined by expression of A allele of genes α-LA and β-LG in phenotypic combination α-LA/β-LG. Milk from cows with genotype α-LA АВ/β-LG АВ had the highest lactose content (4,53 %). The difference between cows’ groups with highest and lowest indices of lactose content was 0,06% (td=1,1; p<0,05). Significant differences between the cows of different complex genotypes were not found for the total solids content. At the same time, some differences on MSNF content were observed. The highest indices (8,65 %) were revealed in groups of animals with genotypesα-LAАА/β-LG АА andα-LAВВ/β-LG АА, lowest (8,57 %) – with genotype α-LAАВ/β-LGВВ, but these differences were not statistically significant. The result presented here shows the relationship between the combination of alfa-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin genetic variants in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and the productivity traits of animals, technological properties of their milk.

Breeding parameters of the main economically useful traits of milk productivity of black-and-white Ural type cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Sevostyanov ◽  
O. E. Likhodeevskaya ◽  
O. V. Gorelik
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protein Milk

Currently first place in the number is a domestic black-motley breed, second place – Holstein. In the Sverdlovsk region, the Ural type of black-and-white cattle was created and officially registered in 2002 by crossing the breeding stock of the black-and-white breed of the Ural offspring with the Holstein bulls. In recent years, there has been a stable significant increase in milk productivity, as a result of which in five years the milk yield for the herd increased by 1388 kg of milk, and for full-aged cows by 1655 kg and reached 10257 kg. A significant increase in productivity was accompanied by a significant increase in the fat content in milk by 0.26% on average for the herd, and by 0.47% for first heifers. protein-Milk content has not changed much, but it is still not high enough. Over the past five years, there has been an increase in the variability of the main selectible trait – milk yield for both the first and third lactation. The selection boundaries for such an important quality indicator of milk as protein content have been slightly expanded. Coefficient of variability in protein content. The negative impact of milk yield on the level of fat content of the herd over the past more than 15 years has naturally changed from an average negative to an average positive in first-heifers, and in full-aged cows it has decreased from -0.17 to -0.08. The dependence of milk yield after the third calving on the results of the first lactation has decreased, but it is still quite significant, as evidenced by the corresponding correlation coefficient of 0.28. The increase in the correlation coefficient between the milk yield of mothers and daughters has almost doubled in ten years.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF THE SITUATION IN SEEF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE» FOR BREEDING UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND ITS IMPROVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holysa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
L. V. Marchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Breed

Created Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle have a desirable level of reproductive and productive qualities.  These breeds are competing successfully with animals of the European selection, so comparative study of pedigree and productive qualities of animals at one of the farms has practical value. The studies were conducted in the herd of “Oleksandrivske” SE RF at the animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breeds of Vinnytsia region. The animals of both breeds were kept under the same technological conditions in housing for livestock. It was taken into account milk production (milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) for 305 days of lactation. Expert evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers has been conducted for 2015-2016. Assessment of type of body structure of cows was conducted on 100-point scale. Fatness of cows was determined on 5-point scale. The analysis of genealogies of 37 bulls which had progeny in the herd was conducted by breeding index, discharge of breeding values and milk production of ancestors. Milk production of the animals of the herd was more than 6000 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Comparing milk yields, it was found that the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed dominated Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows of the same age. It is noteworthy that biological feature of cows to increasing milk yield with each subsequent lactation is positive. Thus, the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows after the second calving in comparison with the first calving increased milk yield by 380 kg and the animals after the third calving and older comparatively with the second one – by 425 kg more. Also the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows increased milk yield, respectively, by 348 and 358 kg. The average body measurements of the first-calf heifers were inferior by targeted parameters of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle from -0.3 cm (girth of metacarpus) to -7.8cm (height in the sacrum) in most cases.  The total number of points for type of body structure was 87.9 at the animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and, respectively, 87.0 at the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows; it corresponds to the assessment "very good". This indicates the high estimation of individual parts of the exterior. The cows of the herd had the required fatness. The average of this trait at animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed was 3.0 points and at the cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle was respectively 3.4 points. The genealogical structure of the current herd of “Oleksandrivske” SERF consists of two female contingents. The animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle were derived from 18 bulls belonging to 8 bloodlines. Most of animals belong to R.O.R.Elevation 1491007 bloodline – 45.4%, H.H.Starbuck 352790 and P.F.A.Chief 1427381 bloodlines – 14.4%. Qualitative characteristic of bulls used for the female livestock of the herd, shows that in the vast majority they are valuable breeding bulls. However, it should be noted that there are progeny derived from bulls with low breeding value in the herd. Thus, bull Matrix Red 136549448 had SI-7 and H- and Trubadur 343643346 had SI-50 and H-. The use of bulls for female livestock of the herd with low breeding value is unacceptable for further breeding work. Expectation of improving the breeding traits in progeny from such fathers is unlikely. It is planned to accelerate the reproduction of valuable genotypes and increase the rate of genetic progress at the herd using embryos transplantation this year. Donors of embryos will be their own breeding resources. Using this method will make it possible to exclude from the selection process animals with exterior defects and low-yielding cows. The considered aspects of selective breeding work indicate prospects of using Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy and Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. This applies particularly to increase of milk yield to 8000 kg and more per lactation. Bulls which will be used for breeding stock should have high rates of breeding values (SI +1000 and P4 and more). Especially it applies such features as fat content in milk and some exterior defects.

COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY CATTLE AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS IN SERF «OLEKSANDRIVSKE»

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
G. S. Kovalenko ◽  
S. V. Priyma ◽  
G. A. Holyosa ◽  
A. V. Tuchyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Selection Of

The main goal of dairy breeds selection should be improving breeding and productive qualities of animals under modern conditions. The majority of farms, using native breeds to produce milk, has created optimal conditions for keeping and feeding, selection and matching, growing of replacements etc. Further improvement of created native dairy breeds for economically useful traits occurs at total use of purebred Holstein bulls (semen) of foreign selection. In order to realistically assess milk productivity (milk yield, fat content in milk and fat yield) of Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cows should be conducted a comparative analysis of Holstein cows under the same conditions of feeding and keeping. It was established that Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows were characterized by the highest milk yields for 305 days of all lactations, taken into account, the among three investigated breeds. Their milk yield during the first lactation was 5933 kg of milk, during the second – 6393 kg, the third – 6391 kg and during higher lactation – 6650 kg. Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows were second by milk yield (except for the second lactation), during the first lactation – 5932 kg of milk, the third – 6462 kg and higher – 6541 kg, and Holstein cows were third, during the first lactation – 5794 kg of milk, the second – 6381 kg, the third – 6335 kg and higher – 6469 kg. The fat content was almost the same and varied within 3.49-3.58% in milk of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle, 3.50-3.60% in milk of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle and 3.50-3.56% in Holsteins’ milk. The difference between the breeds was within 0.01-0.04%. All the investigated breeds had predominance in fat yield for three lactations over standards of these breeds: Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows from 75.1 to 93.4 kg, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows – 75.1-89.0 kg respectively and Holstein cows – 41.9-60.2 kg. It was found different level of positive correlation between milk yield and fat yield in all the cases and high correlation (r = 0.604-0.921, P < 0.001) in five cases (41.7%) Negative correlation coefficients indicate that selection of animals to higher milk yield in the herd will decrease the second trait – fat content in milk. Positive and highly significant correlation between milk yield and fat yield indicates that selection of cows in the herd to higher milk yields will increase fat yield. It was revealed that bulls were among the factors impacted the milk productivity (milk yield, fat content, fat yield) of three investigated breeds. So, the force (η²x) of father’s impact on milk yield was15.4-47.9%, fat content – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7% taking into account a lactation and a breed. The force of lines impact (η²x) was second; it was on milk yield 6.1-24.5%, fat content – 4.1-17.1 and fat yield – 5.8-23.5%. The force of breeds impact (η²x) was last; it was on milk yield 0.3-2.9%, fat content – 0.2-0.3% and fat yield – 0.6-2.7%. So, the comparative studies of milk productivity of Ukrainian Red-and-White and Black-and-White Dairy cattle with Holsteins indicate that under similar conditions of feeding and keeping, these native breeds can compete with Holstein cattle. The milk yield for 305 days of higher lactation was 6650 kg of milk in Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows, 6541 kg in Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows and 6469 kg in Holsteins. It was found the inverse correlation r = -0.025-0.316 between milk yield and fat content in milk in most cases. Selection and matching of animals in the herd should be carried out simultaneously on these traits. It was found positive repeatability of milk yields between the first and second, the third and higher lactations (rs = 0.036-0.741), indicating the reliability of forecasting increase in milk productivity during the next lactations in all herd. Bulls have the greatest impact (η²x) on milk productivity among the factors taken into account: milk yield – 15.4-47.9%, fat content in milk – 22.0-43.4% and fat yield – 14.9-47.7%.

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