Resource-saving technologies of spring rape cultivation in short crop rotations

Complex studies were conducted in eight-field grain-steam-crop and grain-steam-tilled crop rotations using the following terms: fertilizer systems, plant protection, basic tillage methods and plastic varieties. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the forest-steppe of the Volga region, on a systemic basis, resource-saving technologies have been developed on the basis of fertile crop rotations in an ecologically balanced, biologized farming system. Agroecological principles of conservation and reproduction of gray forest soil fertility and obtaining a planned harvest of high quality. Experimental substantiation of the role of action and interaction of the main factors of saving technology, in increasing crop productivity of crop rotations, productivity of arable land and soil fertility. Agroeconomic evaluation of the resource-saving technology effectiveness. Crop rotations of leguminous crops and perennial legumes increase the productivity of arable land to 15-20%, provide a positive balance of humus (0.45-0.5 tons per hectare). Organomineralic fertilizer system reduces the need for mineral fertilizers by 2-3 times, ensures the receipt of planned high quality harvest and reproduction of soil fertility. The integrated plant protection system, using biological means and methods, provides a saving of plant protection products to 30-35%, raises productivity to 15-25%. Moisture-resource-saving mode of soil cultivation (mulching various deep loosening without turnover of beds) allows to save 25-35% of fuel and reduce the moisture loss to 35-40%. Complex application of these factors with the use of high-yielding plastic varieties makes resource-saving technology that increases the productivity of cultivated crops and the productivity of arable land by 1.5-2 times, the profitability of production by 30-50% and ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility.

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Changes in the physical properties of chernozem typical for various systems of basic processing in crop rotation

10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-70 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. A. Mosyakov ◽

◽

Y. V. Kataev ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Free System ◽

Significant Change

Studies have shown that the use of resource-saving systems of basic tillage in crop rotations does not lead to a significant change in the physical properties of typical chernozem. At the same time, the most favorable physical properties of chernozem are formed with a combined dump-free system of basic processing.

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Resource-saving elements in onions growing technology on Nizhjeje Povolzhje region irrigated lands

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/843/1/012033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 843 (1) ◽

pp. 012033

Author(s):

N I Matveeva ◽

V P Zvolinsky ◽

N Yu Petrov ◽

V A Zaitsev

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotations ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Volgograd Region ◽

Grain Crop ◽

Irrigated Lands ◽

Experimental Plots ◽

Production Conditions

Abstract The aim of this work was to prove many years research (at least two rotations) devoted to the problems of onion growing for industrial purposes on Nizhneje Povolzhje irrigated land. For these purposes, we have selected two farms with typical characteristics and production conditions in Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. During the period of the first rotation (2011-2015), we conducted competitive tests for the number of onion varieties and hybrids introduction and adaptation, as the result of which the zoned variety Volgodonets was selected for the second rotation (2016-2020) as a control and two regionalized hybrids of foreign selection Pandero F1 and Benefit F1. These samples were sown in the selected experimental plots as part of five-field vegetable-grain crop rotations in both farms. As the result, over five years of observations, the Benefit F1 hybrid showed the highest yield of 150.16 t/ha, Pandero F1 - 139.58 t/ha, and the Volgodonets variety - only 69.35 t/ha in Astrakhan region and 129.57 t/ha; 103.10 t/ha; 74.00 t/ha, respectively, in Volgograd region. The highest profitability indicator was provided by the Benefit F1 hybrid, which amounted to 87.94%.

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Modelling of humus balance under different systems of basic tillage and soil fertilization in crop rotations

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2020_246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 291-295

Author(s):

O. Markovska ◽

M. Maliarchuk ◽

V. Maliarchuk

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Humus Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Row Crop ◽

Spring Rape

Over the course of 2007-2015, the department of the irrigated agriculture had been conducting research in the area of the Ingulets irrigation system on the experimental fields of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS), which were established in 1996, with the aim to develop and scientifically substantiate agroecological and technological methods for crop rotations on the irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine that will ensure soil fertility, increase crop productivity, economic and energetic efficiency. In 2007-2010, studies were conducted to substantiate the systems of basic tillage using different ploughing tools. The 4-field grain-row crop rotation 1 included winter wheat with post-harvest cultivation of millet, corn, soybeans and spring rape. Five studied systems of basic tillage differed in methods, techniques and the depth of soil loosening. In 2011-2015, grain-row crop rotation 2 entailed soybeans, instead of spring rape seed, and winter barley with post-harvest cultivation of millet, instead of winter wheat. Five studied systems of basic tillage differed in the depth of soil loosening and non-renewable energy costs for their implementation. Experiments were performed under conditions of two organo-mineral fertilizer systems using by-products of crop rotation, fertilizer application in doses of N75P60; N97, 5P60 and inoculation of soybeans with microbial compounds. Following crop rotations 1 and 2, a decrease in humus content within the 0-40 cm soil layer to the level of 1976, 110.2-114.4 t/ha, was observed. To prevent further decline in humus content, an optimization model was developed by capping specific weight of soybeans in short-term crop rotation 25%, stubble plowing the stem and leaf mass of crops as well as applying fertilizer quantities corresponding to the expected yields. With the help of mathematical modelling, it was determined that the retention of post-harvest plant remains in soil and the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased humus content in soil used for growing rape by 0.3%, winter wheat – by 0.7%, and corn – by 0.9%.

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The effectiveness of various systems of basic soil tillage in crop rotations in North-East CCHR

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V.A. Vorontsov V.A. ◽

◽

Yu.P. SkorochkinYu.P.

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Arable Land ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Typical Chernozem ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

North East

In a stationary field experiment on typical Chernozem, we studied the effectiveness of tillage systems in the North-Eastern region of the Central district in crop rotations: grain-tillage (2001-2011) and grain-fallow (2012-2017). we Studied four main tillage systems: traditional dump, surface, non-dump, and combined. The maximum yield of grain units in crop rotations was noted for the combined dump-free tillage system – 5.46 thousand/ha in the grain-pasture and 2.75 thousand/ha in the grain-steaming. Cultivation of agricultural crops in the grain-pastoral crop rotation by surface treatment leads to a significant decrease in the yield of grain units from 1 ha of arable land (by 0.39 thousand), compared to traditional dump plowing. In the grain-fallow crop rotation, the use of resource-saving systems of basic tillage (surface and soil-free) did not significantly affect its productivity.

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The effect of minimum methods of primary tillage on the structural and aggregate composition of gray forest soil in the Chuvash Republic

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.6.733-742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 733-742

Author(s):

V. G. Antonov

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Green Manure Crop ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Row Crop ◽

Aggregate Composition

The article informs on the 2006-2019 studies of the effect of resource-saving methods of tillage based on the use of combined tillage units KOS-3 (1st minimum), BDM-3.2х4 (2nd minimum), Spider-6 (3rd minimum without autumn tillage) in two crop rotations (grain-fallow-row crop rotation and grain-fallow-row green manure crop rotation) on the structural-aggregate composition of gray forest soil and crop yields. During the year of laying the experiment the percentage of structural aggregates (0.25-10 mm) in the soil of a grain-fallow-row crop rotation ranged from 72.2 to 74.4 %, in a grain-fallow-row green manure crop rotation – from 70.1 to 73.2 %, with the structural coefficient (K) 2.60-2.91 and 2.41-2.73, respectively. For two crop rotations the structural state of the soil improved due to the effect of green manure crop rotation (К = 3.07, LSD05 = 0.13) as compared to the grain-row without green manure (К = 2.93). More significant differences according to the soil structure coefficient were obtained in studied tillages: 3.03 (plowing), 3.41 (1st minimum), 2.91 (2nd minimum), 2.65 (3d minimum) with LSD05 = 0.17. The first and the second methods of minimal tillage had an advantage over plowing as to the increase in agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm) as compared with the original soil. On the average among the crop rotations the yield of grain crops by classical and 1st minimum methods of tillage (3.65-3.66 t/ha) exceeded significantly the indicators of all the rest variants with minimum tillage (by 0.15-0.43 t/ha, LSD05 = 0.10). The yield of potato in all variants with minimal soil tillage was significantly lower (by 5.1-8.3 t/ha, LSD05 = 1.44) than with plowing (27.8 t/ha). The assessment of profitability of grain crops cultivation showed the advantages of replacing the moldboard plowing for resource-saving methods using combined tillage units KOS-3 and BDM-4-3.2 which provided the yield of spring and winter wheat, barley and spring vetch at the level of 2.42-4.50 and 2.33-4.41 t/ha, respectively, with cultivation profitability of 51-64 and 44-59 %. The third minimum method of tillage decreased the cultivation profitability of grain crops and vetch by 10-15 %. The best indicators of potato production profitability (67-82 %) were achieved when using the classical variant of soil tillage.

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Regional Policy in the Field of Natural Resources Management in the Far North

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2003-10-108-116 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 108-116

Author(s):

A. Bykov

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Natural Resources Management ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Resources Management ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Far North ◽

The Russian Federation

According to the legal norms of the Russian Federation in the ownership, usage and disposal of natural resources the author analyses interaction between natural resources users and local authorities. The interaction is based upon ecological and economic factors, which cause the peculiarities of requirements put before natural resource users in the Far North. The strategic directions of resource saving economic development of these regions are considered.

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