scholarly journals Application of antibodies to the vesicular transporter of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase in the studies of prenatal development of parasympathetic innervation of the human pancreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Y.S. Krivova ◽  
A.E. Proshchina ◽  
D.A. Otlyga ◽  
S.V. Saveliev
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Parasympathetic Innervation ◽  
Fetal Pancreas ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Labeling

Introduction. Parasympathetic fibers innervating the pancreas are involved in the regulation of both exo-crine and endocrine function, in the regulation of endocrine cell proliferation, and are also implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Nonetheless, data concerning the distribution of parasympathetic fibers within the human pancreas in prenatal development are absent in the literature. Our aim was to evaluate the possibility of using the markers of cholinergic neurons and nerve fibers, namely vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in studies of prenatal develop-ment of parasympathetic innervation of the human pancreas. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 10 autopsies of the fetal pancreas (gestational age 10-34 weeks) using immunoperoxidase labeling with antibodies to VAChT and AChE. Results. Immunopositive reaction to AChE was detected in bundles of nerve fibers of various diameters, networks of thin nerve fibers as well as in individual neurons of the intramural ganglia. The structures of the nervous system were immunonegative to VAChT. In the exocrine pancreas, that is, in the interlobular connective tissue, near the ducts and inside the forming lobules, thin cholinergic fibers prevailed on the studied developmental periods. In pancreatic islets, cholinergic fibers were detected less frequently and were located at the periphery.Immunopositive reaction with antibodies to AChE and mouse monoclonal antibodies to VAChT was also detected in some endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets. Conclusion. We have shown that antibodies to AChE detect cholinergic neurons and nerve fibers in the developing human pancreas. We have also demonstrated that in the fetal pancreas thin cholinergic fibers prevail in the exocrine part and rarely are detected in the pancreatic islets, which is typical in adults. The results showing the VAChT and AChE immunoreactivity in the endocrine cells of fetal pancreatic islets are in agreement with data obtained in the adult human pancreas and suggest that the endocrine cells can be a source of acetylcholine. Keywords: pancreas, human development, parasympathetic innervation, VAChT, AChE

Differential Integrin Expression Facilitates Isolation of Human Fetal Pancreatic Epithelial Cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Levine ◽  
Gillian M. Beattie ◽  
Alberto Hayek
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Β1 Integrin ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Β1 Integrins

We have studied the expression of the β1 family of integrins in fetal and adult human pancreas. Immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal anti-β1 antibody revealed that the epithelial cells of the human fetal pancreas express high amounts of β1 integrin, while the pancreatic stromal cells express substantially lower amounts. Islets of Langerhans from human adult pancreas also expressed high amounts of β1 integrin. Taking advantage of the extremely high affinity binding between the invasin protein of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and many β1 integrins, we have been able to isolate highly enriched populations of fetal pancreatic epithelial cells. Epithelial-enriched cell populations retain the ability to differentiate into mature endocrine cells following transplantation into nude mice.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Human Carotid Body in the Antenatal and Postnatal Periods of Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8222
Author(s):  
Dmitry Otlyga ◽  
Ekaterina Tsvetkova ◽  
Olga Junemann ◽  
Sergey Saveliev
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Cells ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
I Cells ◽  
Human Carotid

The evolutionary and ontogenetic development of the carotid body is still understudied. Research aimed at studying the comparative morphology of the organ at different periods in the individual development of various animal species should play a crucial role in understanding the physiology of the carotid body. However, despite more than two centuries of study, the human carotid body remains poorly understood. There are many knowledge gaps in particular related to the antenatal development of this structure. The aim of our work is to study the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the human carotid body in the antenatal and postnatal periods of development. We investigated the human carotid bodies from 1 embryo, 20 fetuses and 13 adults of different ages using samples obtained at autopsy. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of βIII-tubulin and tyrosine hydroxylase in the type I cells and nerve fibers at all periods of ontogenesis; synaptophysin and PGP9.5 in the type I cells in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases; 200 kDa neurofilaments in nerve fibers in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases; and GFAP and S100 in the type II cells and Schwann cells in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases. A high level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the type I cells was a distinctive feature of the antenatal carotid bodies. On the contrary, in the type I cells of adults, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was significantly lower. Our data suggest that the human carotid body may perform an endocrine function in the antenatal period, while in the postnatal period of development, it loses this function and becomes a chemosensory organ.

scholarly journals The promise of stem cell-derived islet replacement therapy

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Melton
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Directed Differentiation ◽  
Insulin Independence ◽  
Insulin Dependent

AbstractPresent-day treatments for people that are insulin dependent require multiple insulin injections, sometimes with an insulin pump, coupled with regular blood glucose monitoring. The availability of modified insulins, each with peaks of activity at varying times, has improved diabetes management. On the other hand, there have been impressive results leading to insulin independence by transplantation of cadaveric islets coupled with immune suppression. This review focuses on the possibility of treating diabetes with cellular transplants, specifically with the use of pluripotent stem cells, to produce a virtually unlimited and uniform supply of human islet-like clusters by directed differentiation. Prospects for improving the in vitro differentiation of human endocrine cells for the study of endocrine function and their possible clinical uses are also discussed. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Endocrine Cells in the Pancreatic Islets of Cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro HIRATSUKA ◽  
Mitsuo ABE ◽  
Kazushige TAKEHANA ◽  
Kenji IWASA ◽  
Takeo HIRAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis

scholarly journals Histamine-containing peripheral neuronal and endocrine systems.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Panula ◽  
M Kaartinen ◽  
M Mäcklin ◽  
E Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Rat Ileum

An immunohistochemical method was developed to detect histamine in tissues. The aim of this study was to reveal the cellular stores of histamine in the gastrointestinal tract, pituitary, and adrenal gland. Histamine-containing nerve fibers were found in both rat and guinea pig gut. The origin of at least some of these fibers in the rat ileum was the submucous ganglion cell layer. In the rat stomach, numerous enterochromaffin-like cells exhibited histamine immunofluorescence, and endocrine cells in the ileum and jejunum contained histamine. Only mast cells contained histamine in the neurohypophysis. A large number of process-bearing cells in the guinea pig but not in the rat adrenal medulla contained histamine. The study shows that histamine is present in peripheral nerves and endocrine cells in addition to mast cells, and may function as a neurotransmitter or hormone.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical component of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets of horses.

1989 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi FURUOKA ◽  
Hisao ITO ◽  
Miyuki HAMADA ◽  
Takahiko SUWA ◽  
Hiroshi SATOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Endocrine Cells

scholarly journals Identification of a transmembrane glycoprotein specific for secretory vesicles of neural and endocrine cells.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Buckley ◽  
R B Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmembrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Labeling

Several types of cells store proteins in secretory vesicles from which they are released by an appropriate stimulus. It might be expected that the secretory vesicles in different cell types use similar molecular machinery. Here we describe a transmembrane glycoprotein (Mr approximately 100,000) that is present in secretory vesicles in all neurons and endocrine cells studied, in species from elasmobranch fish to mammals, and in neural and endocrine cell lines. It was detected by cross-reactivity with monoclonal antibodies raised to highly purified cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric organ of fish. By immunoprecipitation of intact synaptic vesicles and electron microscopic immunoperoxidase labeling, we have shown that the antigenic determinant is on the cytoplasmic face of the synaptic vesicles. However, the electrophoretic mobility of the antigen synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin is reduced to Mr approximately 62,000, which suggests that the antigen is glycosylated and must therefore span the vesicle membrane.

Neuronal plasticity in chronic pancreatitis is mediated via the neurturin/GFRα2 axis

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. G1017-G1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ekin Demir ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Elke Tieftrunk ◽  
Nathalia A. Giese ◽  
Baocai Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Parasympathetic Innervation ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Impact

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family member neurturin (NRTN) and its receptor GFRα2 play a deciding role in the normal development of pancreatic parasympathetic innervation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of NRTN/GFRα2 axis in pancreatic neuropathy in human chronic pancreatitis (CP). Expression of NRTN/GFRα2 was compared between normal human pancreas (NP) and CP tissues via immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative RT-PCR and correlated to abdominal pain sensation. To elucidate the impact of NRTN in pancreatic neuroplasticity, neuronal phenotype and glial density were quantified via an in vitro neuroplasticity assay in dissociated newborn rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultured 1) in CP tissue extracts depleted from NRTN, 2) in NP, 3) in untreated CP tissue extracts, and 4) CP extracts in which nerve growth factor, glial cell derived-neurotrophic factor, or TGF-β1was depleted. NRTN and GFRα2 were highly upregulated in CP, especially in intrapancreatic nerves and the extracellular matrix. CP tissue demonstrated increased amounts of mature multimeric NRTN and elevated levels of GFRα2. The noticeable neurotrophic effect of CP tissue extracts on DRG neurons was diminished upon blockade of NRTN from these extracts. However, blockade of NRTN from CP extracts did not influence the density of DRG glia cells. In conclusion, the NRTN/GFRα2 axis is activated during the course of CP and represents a major key player in the reactive neural alterations in CP. This is the first study to provide functional evidence for the contribution of neurotrophic factors to neuroplasticity in CP.

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