Problems of assessment of risk of death of the astronauts

2020 ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
I. B. Ushakov ◽  
G. I. Tikhonova ◽  
K. V. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Factors Of Space Flight

The problems of adequate assessment of the impact of a complex of adverse factors of space flight on the mortality rates of cosmonauts and a review of mortality studies of Russian and American cosmonauts at the present stage are presented.

scholarly journals Outcomes of surgery in patients aged ≥90 years in the general surgical setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sudlow ◽  
H Tuffaha ◽  
AT Stearns ◽  
IA Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Emergency Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction An increasing proportion of the population is living into their nineties and beyond. These high risk patients are now presenting more frequently to both elective and emergency surgical services. There is limited research looking at outcomes of general surgical procedures in nonagenarians and centenarians to guide surgeons assessing these cases. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients aged ≥90 years undergoing elective and emergency general surgical procedures at a tertiary care facility between 2009 and 2015. Vascular, breast and endocrine procedures were excluded. Patient demographics and characteristics were collated. Primary outcomes were 30-day and 90-day mortality rates. The impact of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade, operation severity and emergency presentation was assessed using multivariate analysis. Results Overall, 161 patients (58 elective, 103 emergency) were identified for inclusion in the study. The mean patient age was 92.8 years (range: 90–106 years). The 90-day mortality rates were 5.2% and 19.4% for elective and emergency procedures respectively (p=0.013). The median survival was 29 and 19 months respectively (p=0.001). Emergency and major gastrointestinal operations were associated with a significant increase in mortality. Patients undergoing emergency major colonic or upper gastrointestinal surgery had a 90-day mortality rate of 53.8%. Conclusions The risk for patients aged over 90 years having an elective procedure differs significantly in the short term from those having emergency surgery. In selected cases, elective surgery carries an acceptable mortality risk. Emergency surgery is associated with a significantly increased risk of death, particularly after major gastrointestinal resections.

scholarly journals Quantification of Death Risk in Relation to Sex, Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients: Let’s Take Stock and See Where We Are

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2685
Author(s):  
Amalia Ioanna Moula ◽  
Linda Renata Micali ◽  
Francesco Matteucci ◽  
Fabiana Lucà ◽  
Carmelo Massimiliano Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Dichotomous Variables ◽  
The Impact

Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) might be more susceptible to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have higher mortality rates. Nevertheless, the risk of mortality has not been previously quantified. The aim of this meta-analysis is to quantify the risk of mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. A meta-analysis was conducted analyzing the impact of (1) sex, (2) age, (3) CVD with coronary artery disease (CAD), (4) CAD alone, (5) CVD without CAD, (6) hypertension, (7) cerebrovascular diseases, and (8) diabetes on mortality. Relative risk was assessed for dichotomous variables, mean difference for continuous variables. Twenty-six studies were included, encompassing 8497 patients. Males had 16% higher risk of mortality than females (p < 0.05) and elderly patients had higher chance of dying than younger patients (p < 0.0001). Patients with overall CVD have a 1.96-fold higher mortality risk (p < 0.0001). CAD increases risk of mortality by 1.90-fold (p < 0.05). CVD-CAD were found to increase risk up to 2.03-fold (p < 0.05). Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes increase the risk of death up to 1.73-fold, 1.76-fold and 1.59-fold, respectively (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.05, respectively). Sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Motorcycle-related trauma: effects of age and site of injuries on mortality. A single-center, retrospective study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Granieri ◽  
Elisa Reitano ◽  
Francesca Bindi ◽  
Federica Renzi ◽  
Fabrizio Sammartano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Center ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundMotorcyclists are often victims of road traffic incidents. Though elderly patients seem to have worse survival outcomes and sustain more severe injuries than younger patients, concordance in the literature for this does not exist. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of age and injury severity on the mortality of patients undergoing motorcycle trauma. MethodsData of 1725 patients consecutively admitted to our Trauma Center were selected from 2002 to 2016 and retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into three age groups: ≤ 17 years, 18-54 years and ≥ 55 years. Mortality rates were analyzed for the overall population and patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 25. Differences in survival among age groups were evaluated with Log-Rank test and multivariate logistic regression models were created to identify independent predictors of mortality.ResultsA lower survival rate was detected in patients older than 55 years (83,6% vs 94,7%; p = 0.049) and in those sustaining critical injuries (ISS ≥ 25, 61% vs 83% p = 0.021). Age (p =0,027; OR: 1,03), ISS (p <0,001; OR: 1,09), Revised Trauma Score (RTS) (p <0,001; OR: 0,47) resulted independent predictors of death. Multivariate analysis identified head (p <0,001; OR: 2,04), chest (p <0,001; OR: 1,54), abdominal (p <0,001; OR: 1,37) and pelvic (p =0,014; OR: 1,26) injuries as independent risk factors related to mortality as well. Compared to the theoretical probability of survival, patients of all age groups showed a survival advantage when managed at a level I Trauma Center.ConclusionsWe detected anatomical injury distributions and mortality rates among three age groups. Patients aging more than 55 years had an increased risk of death, with a prevalence of severe chest injuries, while younger patients sustained more severe head trauma. Age represented an independent predictor of death. Management of these patients at a Level I Trauma Center may lead to improved outcomes.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality Attributed to Hurricane Irma Among Assisted Living Residents With Chronic Conditions in Florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 286-286
Author(s):  
Kali Thomas ◽  
Lindsay Peterson ◽  
Debra Dobbs ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
David Dosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Abstract Little is known about the impact of hurricanes on residents in assisted living communities (ALs), especially among individuals with chronic conditions that increase their risk of death after storms. We examined how the association between exposure to Hurricane Irma in 2017 and mortality differed by select chronic conditions. With Medicare data, we identified cohorts of AL residents in 2015 (n= 30,712) and 2017 (n= 29,842 ) and compared their rates of 30-day and 90-day and mortality. We adjusted rates for demographic characteristics and other comorbidities. AL residents with diabetes were at highest risk of death after the storm; between 2015 and 2017 they experienced a 50% increase in their 30-day mortality rates (0.6% in 2015, 0.9% in 2017) and a 43% increase in their 90-day mortality rates (2.1% in 2015, 3.0% in 2017). Policy makers should consider strategies to ensure that diabetic residents maintain continuity of medical care during disasters.

scholarly journals Motorcycle-related trauma: effects of age and site of injuries on mortality. A single-center, retrospective study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Granieri ◽  
Elisa Reitano ◽  
Francesca Bindi ◽  
Federica Renzi ◽  
Fabrizio Sammartano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Center ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Motorcyclists are often victims of road traffic incidents. Though elderly patients seem to have worse survival outcomes and sustain more severe injuries than younger patients, concordance in the literature for this does not exist. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of age and injury severity on the mortality of patients undergoing motorcycle trauma. Methods Data of 1725 patients consecutively admitted to our Trauma Center were selected from 2002 to 2016 and retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into three age groups: ≤ 17 years, 18-54 years and ≥ 55 years. Mortality rates were analyzed for the overall population and patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 25. Differences in survival among age groups were evaluated with Log-Rank test and multivariate logistic regression models were created to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results A lower survival rate was detected in patients older than 55 years (83,6% vs 94,7%; p = 0.049) and in those sustaining critical injuries (ISS ≥ 25, 61% vs 83% p = 0.021). Age ( p =0,027; OR: 1,03), ISS ( p <0,001; OR: 1,09), Revised Trauma Score (RTS) ( p <0,001; OR: 0,47) resulted independent predictors of death. Multivariate analysis identified head ( p <0,001; OR: 2,04), chest ( p <0,001; OR: 1,54), abdominal ( p <0,001; OR: 1,37) and pelvic ( p =0,014; OR: 1,26) injuries as independent risk factors related to mortality as well. Compared to the theoretical probability of survival, patients of all age groups showed a survival advantage when managed at a level I Trauma Center. Conclusions We detected anatomical injury distributions and mortality rates among three age groups. Patients aging more than 55 years had an increased risk of death, with a prevalence of severe chest injuries, while younger patients sustained more severe head trauma. Age represented an independent predictor of death. Management of these patients at a Level I Trauma Center may lead to improved outcomes.

Mortality risk for patients undergoing cancer treatment who acquire SARS-CoV-2: ASCO registry.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6509-6509
Author(s):  
Kathryn Finch Mileham ◽  
Suanna Steeby Bruinooge ◽  
Charu Aggarwal ◽  
Alicia L. Patrick ◽  
Christiana Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Mortality Difference ◽  
Report Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

6509 Background: The ASCO Registry was created to analyze the impact of COVID-19 (COVID) on treatment (Tx) and outcomes of patients (pts) with cancer. Methods: The Registry includes pts with 1) a confirmed COVID diagnosis (Dx) and 2) clinically evident cancer receiving Tx/supportive care or resected cancer on adjuvant Tx <12 mos since surgery. Practices report data on cancer Dx and Tx at COVID Dx, COVID symptoms, comorbidities, cancer/COVID Tx, and survival. Kaplan-Meier estimation provided 30- and 90-day mortality rate estimates for pts with COVID Dx before or since 6/1/20 within pt subgroups with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Data submission cutoff for all practices was 10/24/20, except one that was 11/16/20. Results: This analysis reports on 453 pts with COVID Dx 3/5/20 to 10/22/20 who were on anticancer drug Tx for regional (9%) or metastatic (53%) solid tumors or hematologic cancers (38%) at COVID Dx. 38 practices entered data: health system-owned 51% of pts, privately-owned 25%, academic 24%. 53% of pts have ≥30 days follow-up or died ≤30 days from COVID Dx. Median age is 64 years; 53% of pts are female; 28% of pts are asymptomatic at COVID Dx. Multiple myeloma was most frequent cancer (17%). All-cause mortality rates (30 and 90 days) increased with pts’ age at COVID Dx [Table]. No mortality difference was seen based on sex, race, or comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary disease). Pts with COVID Dx before June 1 had worse survival than pts diagnosed on/after June 1. Pts with B-cell malignancies had higher mortality rates than pts with solid tumors. Conclusions: Severity of COVID illness and mortality were greater for patients with COVID Dx pre-June 1 than on/after June 1. Differences on/after June 1 may be attributed to improvements in COVID management, higher COVID testing rates, and more asymptomatic pts diagnosed. Variations in COVID-19 pt populations over time due to these changes should be considered when analyzing and interpreting pandemic data. Cancer pts with advanced age and B-cell cancers are at greatest risk of death but mortality rates for all groups (except those admitted to ICU) improved after 6/1/2020.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Association between Intraoperative Blood Transfusion and Mortality and Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent G. Glance ◽  
Andrew W. Dick ◽  
Dana B. Mukamel ◽  
Fergal J. Fleming ◽  
Raymond A. Zollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Noncardiac Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background The impact of intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion on outcomes of anemic patients undergoing noncardiac surgery has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the association between blood transfusion and mortality and morbidity in patients with severe anemia (hematocrit less than 30%) who are exposed to one or two units of erythrocytes intraoperatively. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the association of blood transfusion and 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity in 10,100 patients undergoing general, vascular, or orthopedic surgery. We estimated separate multivariate logistic regression models for 30-day mortality and for 30-day complications. Results Intraoperative blood transfusion was associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62). Patients receiving an intraoperative transfusion were more likely to have pulmonary, septic, wound, or thromboembolic complications, compared with patients not receiving an intraoperative transfusion. Compared with patients who were not transfused, patients receiving one or two units of erythrocytes were more likely to have pulmonary complications (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.48-2.09), sepsis (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.21-1.68), thromboembolic complications (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.32-2.38), and wound complications (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.47-2.37). Conclusions Intraoperative blood transfusion is associated with a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in surgical patients with severe anemia. It is unknown whether this association is due to the adverse effects of blood transfusion or is, instead, the result of increased blood loss in the patients receiving blood.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Casualty Admissions—Do they Affect Treatment in the Receiving Trauma Center?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Paul Johan Teuben ◽  
Carsten Mand ◽  
Laura Moosdorf ◽  
Kai Sprengel ◽  
Alba Shehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Pathway ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background Simultaneous trauma admissions expose medical professionals to increased workload. The impact of simultaneous trauma admissions on hospital allocation, therapy, and outcome is currently unclear. We hypothesized that multiple admission-scenarios impact the diagnostic pathway and outcome. Methods The TraumaRegister DGU® was utilized. Patients admitted between 2002–2015 with an ISS ≥ 9, treated with ATLS®- algorithms were included. Group ´IND´ included individual admissions, two individuals that were admitted within 60 min of each other were selected for group ´MULT´. Patients admitted within 10 min were considered as simultaneous (´SIM´) admissions. We compared patient and trauma characteristics, treatment, and outcomes between both groups. Results 132,382 admissions were included, and 4,462/3.4% MULTiple admissions were found. The SIM-group contained 1,686/1.3% patients. The overall median injury severity score was 17 and a mean age of 48 years was found. MULT patients were more frequently admitted to level-one trauma centers (68%) than individual trauma admissions were (58%, p < 0.001). Mean time to CT-scanning (24 vs. 26/28 min) was longer in MULT / SIM patients compared to individual admissions. No differences in utilization of damage control principles were seen. Moreover, mortality rates did not differ between the groups (13.1% in regular admissions and 11.4%/10,6% in MULT/SIM patients). Conclusion This study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment of injured patients is rare. Individuals treated in parallel with other patients were more often admitted to level-one trauma centers compared with individual patients. Although diagnostics take longer, treatment principles and mortality are equal in individual admissions and simultaneously admitted patients. More studies are required to optimize health care under these conditions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eid ◽  
David Beggs ◽  
Peter Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Background Mortality ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
The Impact

In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.

scholarly journals The Influence of COVID-19-Induced Daily Activities on Health Parameters—A Case Study in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7465
Author(s):  
Mujahid Ali ◽  
Afonso R. G. de Azevedo ◽  
Markssuel T. Marvila ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Abdul Muhaimin Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Parameters

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading all over the world. This epidemic has brought a risk of death in the daily activity (physical and social) participation that influences travellers’ physical, social, and mental health. To analyze the impact of the COVID-19-induced daily activities on health parameters of higher education institutes, 150 students of the Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia, were surveyed through an online web survey using random sampling techniques. The data were analyzed through RStudio and SPSS using multilevel linear regression analysis and Hierarchical Structural Equation Modeling. The estimated results indicate that restricting individuals from doing out-of-home activities negatively influences physical and social health. A unit increase in the in-home maintenance activities during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced a daily increase of 0.5% in physical health. Moreover, a unit increase in the in-home activities at leisure time represents a 1% positive improvement in social health. Thus, physical activity has proven to be beneficial in improving physical and social health with severe COVID-19. In contrast, the coefficient of determination (R2) for all endogenous variables ranges from 0.148 to 0.227, which is incredibly acceptable in psychological research. For a healthier society with a better quality of life, this study adopted multidisciplinary approaches that are needed to be designed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document