Utilising Molecular Biological and Histopathological Techniques to Study the Dopaminergic System in Patients with Melancholia

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hickie ◽  
Andrew Lloyd ◽  
Gavin Dixon ◽  
Denis Wakefield ◽  
Glenda Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
Functional Components

Objective:To describe the rationale for investigating the dopaminergic system in patients with melancholia by applying molecular biological (notably, in situ hybridisation) and histopathological techniques in postmortem brain tissue. Method:Relevant advances in the functional neuroanatomy of frontostriatal circuits, as well as insights from clinical neuroimaging studies in primary and secondary depressive disorders, are presented. These are integrated with developments in the pharmacological and molecular characteristics of dopamine receptor subtypes and recognition of their selective anatomical distribution. Results:Converging data from the basic and clinical neurosciences suggest that the pathophysiology of depressive disorders characterised by psychomotor phenomena, such as melancholia, may involve dysregulation of dopaminergic mechanisms within complex frontostriatal circuits. Conclusions:The key feature of in situ hybridisation is its capacity to test for variations in the functional components of designated biochemical systems within highly specific anatomical regions. We utilise this approach, in combination with relevant histopathological techniques, to test the structural and functional integrity of the dopaminergic system within key fronto-striatal circuits in patients who had exhibited psychomotor phenomena. The same approach can also be used to study the integrity of other relevant biochemical systems, such as the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, in patients with other mood disorders.

Weaning-induced changes in δ-opioid receptor subtypes: Evidence from autoradiography and in situ hybridisation

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kitchen ◽  
F.M. Leslie ◽  
A. Borsodi ◽  
G. Toth ◽  
P. Melchiorri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Opioid Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Δ Opioid Receptor ◽  
Induced Changes

Bio-P and non-bio-P bacteria identification by a novel microbial approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Bond ◽  
Jürg Keller ◽  
Linda L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
P Content ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Culturing bacteria from activated sludge with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has strongly implicated Acinetobacter with the process. However, using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) probing to analyse microbial populations, we have shown evidence opposing this widespread belief. We describe the phosphorus (P) removing performance and microbial population analyses of sludges obtained in a laboratory scale EBPR reactor. Two sludges with extremely high P removing capabilities were examined, the P content of these sludges was 8.6% (P sludge) and 12.3% (S sludge) of the MLSS. Identification of bacteria using FISH probing indicated both sludges were dominated by microbes from the beta proteobacteria and high mol% G+C Gram positive bacteria. Acinetobacter could make up only a small proportion of the cells in these sludges. Sludge with extremely poor P removal (P content of 1.5%, referred to as T sludge) was then generated by reducing the P in the influent. Bacteria resembling the G-bacteria became abundant in this sludge and these were identified using FISH probing. The anaerobic transformations of the T and P sludges correlated well with that of the non-EBPR and EBPR biological models respectively, indicating that bacteria in the T sludge have the potential to inhibit P removal in EBPR systems.

Experimental Investigation of Laser Sintering of Conductive Adhesive for Functional Prototypes Produced by Embedding Stereolithography

2014 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Bernd Niese ◽  
Philipp Amend ◽  
Uwe Urmoneit ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Michael Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Conductive Adhesive ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Building Process ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Functional Components

Embedding stereolithography (eSLA) is an additive, hybrid process, which provides a flexible production of 3D components and the ability to integrate electrical and optical conductive structures and functional components within parts. However, the embedding of conductive circuits in stereolithography (SLA) parts assumes usage of process technologies, which enables their direct integration of conductive circuits during the layer-wise building process. In this context, a promising method for in-situ generation of conductive circuits is dispensing of conductive adhesive on the current surface of the SLA part and its subsequent sintering. In this paper, the laser sintering (λ = 355 nm) of conductive adhesive mainly consisting of silver nanoparticles is investigated. The work intends to evaluate the curing behavior of the conductive adhesive, the beam-matter-interactions and the thermal damage of the SLA substrate. The investigations revealed a fast and flexible laser sintering process for the generation of conductive circuits with sufficient electrical conductivity and sufficient current capacity load. In this context, a characterization of the conductive structures is done by measuring their electrical resistance and their potential current capacity load.

scholarly journals Rapid Multi-Hybridisation FISH Screening for Balanced Porcine Reciprocal Translocations Suggests a Much Higher Abnormality Rate Than Previously Appreciated

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Rebecca E O’Connor ◽  
Lucas G Kiazim ◽  
Claudia C Rathje ◽  
Rebecca L Jennings ◽  
Darren K Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Farrowing Rate ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

With demand rising, pigs are the world’s leading source of meat protein; however significant economic loss and environmental damage can be incurred if boars used for artificial insemination (AI) are hypoprolific (sub-fertile). Growing evidence suggests that semen analysis is an unreliable tool for diagnosing hypoprolificacy, with litter size and farrowing rate being more applicable. Once such data are available, however, any affected boar will have been in service for some time, with significant financial and environmental losses incurred. Reciprocal translocations (RTs) are the leading cause of porcine hypoprolificacy, reportedly present in 0.47% of AI boars. Traditional standard karyotyping, however, relies on animal specific expertise and does not detect more subtle (cryptic) translocations. Previously, we reported development of a multiple hybridisation fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) strategy; here, we report on its use in 1641 AI boars. A total of 15 different RTs were identified in 69 boars, with four further animals XX/XY chimeric. Therefore, 4.5% had a chromosome abnormality (4.2% with an RT), a 0.88% incidence. Revisiting cases with both karyotype and FISH information, we reanalysed captured images, asking whether the translocation was detectable by karyotyping alone. The results suggest that chromosome translocations in boars may be significantly under-reported, thereby highlighting the need for pre-emptive screening by this method before a boar enters a breeding programme.

Basal Cell Carcinoma of Prostate With MSMB–NCOA4 Fusion and a Probable Basal Cell Carcinoma In Situ: Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110173
Author(s):  
Vilde Pedersen ◽  
Katrine S. Petersen ◽  
Klaus Brasso ◽  
Olga Østrup ◽  
Anand C. Loya
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Histological Lesion ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas

Basal cell carcinomas of prostate (BCCP) are very rare. Most arise in the transition zone and thus are associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and rarely associated with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). These features make diagnosis/early diagnosis difficult because of the routine protocols followed. Basal cell carcinomas have distinctive histopathological, immunohistochemical, and to some extent also different molecular characteristics. Basal cell carcinoma in situ (BCCIS) is a nonexistent histological lesion as per the current literature, but here is an attempt to describe it through this case. A 74-year-old man presented with hematuria and previous diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia. Based on this history, he underwent a prostatectomy ad modum Freyer. Pathological examination surprisingly revealed a diffusely infiltrative tumor with nonacinar adenocarcinoma morphology and many glandular structures probably representing BCCIS. Tumor was diagnosed as BCCP. Patient presented with metastasis to the abdominal wall 8 months postprostatectomy. BCCP is an aggressive type of prostate cancer, which might be challenging to diagnose based on routine protocols. This results in delayed diagnosis and treatment and thus poor prognosis. Furthermore, patients with this subtype of prostate cancer need appropriately designed, and maybe a totally different follow-up regimen as PSA is of no use for BCCP patients. Finally, diagnosis of BCCIS, if agreed upon its existence needs to be studied in larger cohorts as a precursor lesion.

scholarly journals α-Fetoprotein mRNA in situ hybridisation is a highly specific marker of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-centre study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Xun Lu ◽  
Yu-Hua Huang ◽  
Li-Li Liu ◽  
Chris Zhiyi Zhang ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Arginase 1 ◽  
Afp Mrna

Abstract Background Pathologic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be challenging in differentiating from benign and non-hepatocytic malignancy lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential utility of α-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA RNAscope, a sensitive and specific method, in the diagnosis of HCC. Methods Three independent retrospective cohorts containing 2216 patients with HCC, benign liver lesions, and non-hepatocytic tumours were examined. AFP was detected using ELISA, IHC (Immunohistochemistry), and RNAscope. Glypican3 (GPC3), hepatocyte paraffin-1 (HepPar-1), and arginase-1 (Arg-1) proteins were detected using IHC. Results AFP RNAscope improved the HCC detection sensitivity by 24.7–32.7% compared with IHC. In two surgical cohorts, a panel of AFP RNAscope and GPC3 provided the best diagnostic value in differentiating HCC from benign hepatocytic lesions (AUC = 0.905 and 0.811), and a panel including AFP RNAscope, GPC3, HepPar-1, and Arg-1 yielded the best AUC (0.971 and 0.977) when distinguishing HCC from non-hepatocytic malignancies. The results from the liver biopsy cohort were similar, and additional application of AFP RNAscope improved the sensitivity by 18% when distinguishing HCC from benign hepatocytic lesions. Conclusions AFP mRNA detected by RNAscope is highly specific for hepatocytic malignancy and may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for HCC.

scholarly journals Abnormal mucus in cap polyposis

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Buisine ◽  
J F Colombel ◽  
M Lecomte-Houcke ◽  
P Gower ◽  
J P Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Mucin Genes ◽  
Cap Polyposis ◽  
Abnormal Glycosylation ◽  
Histochemical Examination ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridisation

Background—Cap polyposis is a rare disease characterised by mucoid and bloody diarrhoea, with polyps covered by a cap of mucoid and fibrinopurulent exudate. The pathogenesis is not known.Aims—To pour some light on cap polyposis pathogenesis, by examining the mucus of patients and analysing the expression of five mucin genes, MUC2, MUC3,MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC5B.Patient and methods—The study was performed on biopsy specimens taken from a patient with recurrent cap polyposis. Histochemical examination, electron microscopy, and mRNA in situ hybridisation were used.Results—The mucus of cap polyposis differed in three respects from that of normal adult colon: abnormal ultrastructure of the mucus in the goblet cells, predominance of non-sulphated mucins, abnormal expression of the MUC4, MUC3, andMUC5AC genes.Conclusions—Most of these abnormalities have been reported for other pathological situations, suggesting that the abnormalities observed in the mucus of this patient with cap polyposis are probably secondary phenomena rather than primary. However, the mucin abnormalities detected, which reflect deregulation of the expression of three apomucin genes, abnormal glycosylation, and abnormalities of the secretion process, are also probably involved in the clinical manifestations of cap polyposis.

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