On compiling small-scale maps of tundra and forest-tundra vegetation (on the example of the north-east of the Russian Plain)

1972 ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gribova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Plain ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation

Vegetation structure of tundra and taiga on the map of the natural vegetation of Europe

2007 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Yurkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Starting Point

I have focused only on some features of structure in the taiga vegetation cover. In conclusion I would like to tell some words about the causes of complicated space structure of the taiga and tundra vegetation cover. The causes of latitudinal differentiation are climatic undoubtedly, but heterogeneity of vegetation cover within the limits of tundra and taiga subzones is accounted for different factors. In tundra abiogenic factors prevail, first of all the permafrost processes. That is the reason why tundra vegetation cover is so sensible to any disturbances and so hard regenerates after various transformations. In taiga the space structure is mostly the result of self-regulation and self- restoration of biota. The abiotic factors, certainly, play significant role, but they recede to the second plan. So we showed that in the north and middle taiga the structure of vegetation cover, during the Holocene up to present time, is determined in many respects by the increasing role of mires. Suffice it to look at the map of distribution of mires in order to estimate their role in vegetation cover of the easteuropean taiga (Yurkovskaya, 1980). So, the increase of mire area on the Russian Plain in m2/year per 1000 ha varies between 200 and 700, the average increas is ca 300—400 m2/year (Elina et all., 2000). The mires favour peniplenization and unite the separate areas of forest communities into the whole by means of forming the buffer paludificated territories (various hydrophilous variants of forest communities). But if mires, at all their stability, after destroying practically don't restore, the forests even after continuous cuttings restore their structure and composition through the series of successional stages unless an ecotope is damaged completely. Hence the space structure of taiga is the result, first of all, self development and self regulation of its vegetation cover. But, as it is known, at present time the process of destruction of natural biota has gone too far that the question arises not only about supporting its state and structure but also about the survival of the mankind itself. In this regard the vegetation map of Europe is the invaluable basis, which gives the starting point for all conservational, ecological and economical measures. But it is important to learn reading and using the map. And this is one of our actual goals.

scholarly journals Fire-induced changes in soil and vegetation in the forest-tundra of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Oleg Sizov ◽  
Leya Brodt ◽  
Andrey Soromotin ◽  
Nikolay Prikhodko ◽  
Ramona Heim
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
The Face

Wildfires are one of the main factors for landscape change in tundra ecosystems. In the absence of external mechanical impacts, tundra plant communities are relatively stable, even in the face of climatic changes. In our study, lichen cover was degraded on burnt tundra sites, which increased the permafrost thaw depth from 100 to 190 cm. In old fire scars (burnt 1980 – 1990) of the forest-tundra, vegetation cover was dominated by trees and shrubs. The soil temperature on burnt forest-tundra sites was higher in comparison to conditions of the unburnt control sites and permafrost was was not found at a depth of 2-2,3m. Dynamics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) from 1986-2020 reveal that immediately after fires, vegetation recovered and biomass increased due to the development of Betula nana shrubs. In old fire scars of the forest-tundra (burnt 1980-1990), a significant increase in NDVI values was evident, in contrast to the unburnt tundra vegetation where this trend was less pronounced. We conclude that "greening" in the north of Western Siberia may occur due to fire-induced transformation processes. The role of wildfires in the advance of the treeline to the north, driven by climate change and active economic development of the Arctic, will gradually increase in future.

scholarly journals Distribution of Yellow Wagtail Forms Motacilla flava – Complex in the North of Western Siberia, Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Golovatin ◽  
Vasiliy A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Yellow Wagtail ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Ob River ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Shrub Tundra

On the basis of the materials obtained from the studies carried out from 2000 to 2015, we present the data on distribution of the Yellow Wagtail forms in the north of Western Siberia, i.e. within the overlapping boundaries of the ranges of a complex set of several polytypical forms – Motacilla flava sensu lato. Four forms have been identified here: two forms from the group of Western Yellow Wagtails (M. f. thunbergi and M. f. beema & flava) and two forms from the group of Eastern Yellow Wagtails (M. t. plexa and M. t. tschutschensis). Western “black-headed” form M. f. thunbergi is spread in the area of the northern taiga, forest tundra and south shrub tundra within the Ob River basin, while eastern “black-headed” form M. t. plexa is found in the shrubby tundra and further to the east from the Ob River in forest tundra and northern taiga. Western “light headed” wagtails M. f. beema & flava spread as far as 65º05'N along the floodplain of the Ob River. Eastern “light-headed” wagtail M. t. tschutschensis penetrates the Taz peninsula and, through the anthropogenic sites, the north-east coast of the Yamal Peninsula, i.e. the Sabetta area as far as 71º14'N. The entire range of the Yellow Wagtail is characterized by the interchange of zones inhabited by “black-headed” (without the expressed eyebrows on males) and “light-headed” (with notable eyebrows on males or white-headed) forms from the north to the south.

Energy Conversion OWC Devices With Additional Vertical Ducts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Camporeale ◽  
Pasquale G. F. Filianoti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wells Turbine ◽  
Small Opening ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Pneumatic Power ◽  
Vertical Duct

In breakwaters embodying an OWC connected to the sea through a vertical duct or through a small opening, the oscillations of the water column are due to the wave pressure acting on the outer opening of the vertical duct or on the small opening. In fact, in neither of the two cases waves can enter the plant, like it happens in conventional OWCs. The additional vertical duct extends along the wave-beaten wall, giving the device the characteristic form of a U-conduit; for this reason they were also named U-OWC. Experiments on a small-scale breakwater embodying a U-OWC were carried out in the natural laboratory of Reggio Calabria. The plant is a 1:10 scale model of a breakwater suitable for the North-East Pacific coast. The paper describes new experiments on the U-OWC device connected to a monoplane Wells turbine. During an intensive measurement campaign, more than 260 sea states, 5 min long were recorded in order to characterize the energy conversion process. From the experiments, the analysis of the energy conversion shows that: 1) the system is able to absorb a share up 80% of the incident wave energy; this result is similar to that obtained in previous experiments carried out without the turbine; 2) a large fraction of the energy entering the U-OWC is converted in pneumatic power acting on the turbine, being head losses in the water flow limited; 3) the efficiency of conversion of the pneumatic power in turbine power is relatively low (about 36% of the pneumatic power) due to the small dimensions of the turbine that lead to low Reynolds number and large influence of secondary losses.

Excavations at Verulamium, 1961. Seventh and Final Interim Report

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Frere
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Two small-scale excavations were carried out at Verulamium during 1961. In January it became necessary to explore the site about to be occupied by the museum extension, and several trenches were cut on the north-east and south-east sides of the existing museum building. It was not possible in the time and with the resources available to excavate down to natural soil, but only to examine those layers due for removal by the builders. Considerable depths of deposit are known to exist here, possibly filling an early ditch. The site lies in the west corner of Insula XVIII: the earliest structure reached was a timber-framed building, burnt down possibly c. A.D. 155. This was succeeded by an Antonine masonry building with channel hypocausts. Possibly c. A.D. 300 this building was enlarged by encroachment on the street frontages. It clearly extends some way outside the area excavated both towards east and south. The character of the structure is domestic.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Eliminating the Fuel Tax Exemption in the EU Fishing Fleet

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Natacha Carvalho ◽  
Jordi Guillen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Fuel Tax ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
The Eu

The EU-27 fishing fleet consumed 2.02 billion liters of fuel to catch 4.48 million tons of fish, valued at €6.7 billion in 2018. The profitability of the EU fishing fleet shows an increasing trend, partly due to the improvements in the energy efficiency and recovery of fish stocks in the North-east Atlantic. Fuel is one of the main expenses fishing fleets have, and therefore, their economic performance remains highly dependent on the fuel price, even if they benefit from a fuel tax exemption. The adoption of the European Green Deal, the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive (ETD), the ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiation to prohibit harmful fisheries subsidies, and general public opinion are putting pressure to eliminate this tax exemption. This analysis investigates the impacts of the potential elimination of the fuel tax exemption across the different EU fishing fleets and it is discussed to what extent the small-scale, large-scale and distant-water fleets could be affected. This analysis is useful to inform policy-makers and stakeholders on the consequences of the potential elimination of the fuel tax exemption, as well as to discuss potential measures to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts arising from this eventual change in the current regulatory framework.

The Marlborough Mound, Wiltshire. A Further Neolithic Monumental Mound by the River Kennet

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 137-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Leary ◽  
Matthew Canti ◽  
David Field ◽  
Peter Fowler ◽  
Peter Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Recent radiocarbon dates obtained from two soil cores taken through the Marlborough Castle mound, Wiltshire, show the main body of it to be a contemporaneous monument to Silbury Hill, dating to the second half of the 3rd millennium cal bc. In light of these dates, this paper considers the sequence identified within the cores, which includes two possible flood events early in the construction of the mound. It also describes four cores taken through the surrounding ditch, as well as small-scale work to the north-east of the mound. The topographic location of the mound in a low-lying area and close to rivers and springs is discussed, and the potential for Late Neolithic sites nearby is set out, with the land to the south of the mound identified as an area for future research. The paper ends with the prospect that other apparent mottes in Wiltshire and beyond may well also have prehistoric origins

scholarly journals Local Geographies of Digital Inequality

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Blank ◽  
Mark Graham ◽  
Claudio Calvino
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Geographic Differences

Combining data from a sample survey, the 2013 Oxford Internet Survey, with the 2011 UK Census, we employ small area estimation to estimate Internet use in small geographies in Britain. This is the first attempt to estimate Internet use at any small-scale level. Doing so allows us to understand the local geographies of British Internet use, showing that the area with least use is in the North East, followed by central Wales. The highest Internet use is in London and southeastern England. The most interesting finding is that after controlling for demographic variables, geographic differences become nonsignificant. The apparent geographic differences appear to be due to differences in demographic characteristics. We conclude by considering the policy implications of this fact.

scholarly journals Nature and origin of large-scale and intrasalt deformation within the Wieliczka salt mine, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. ROWAN ◽  
Piotr KRZYWIEC ◽  
Krzysztof BUKOWSKI ◽  
Jerzy PRZYBYŁO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Strong Unit ◽  
Weak Layer ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Topographic Slope ◽  
Mechanical Stratigraphy ◽  
New Ideas

The Wieliczka salt mine, near Kraków in southern Poland, is a world-famous historical and modern destination for both geoscientists and tourists. Despite numerous publications, there is still a lack of consensus on the nature and origin of the large-scale folds as well as whether the small-scale structures represent tectonic or soft-sediment deformation. In this preliminary work, we offer new ideas on both aspects. At the large scale, we emphasize the mechanical stratigraphy of the layered evaporite sequence, which comprises a thin basal weak layer, a thin strong unit, a thicker weak layer, and a thicker strong unit. We suggest that the inclined to recumbent folds and thrusts formed tectonically due to overthrust shear between the basal detachment and the overriding Carpathian frontal thrust, with different structural styles decoupled by the thick weak layer. At the small scale, we suggest that there was early extension directed toward the east to north-east, followed by contraction vergent toward the north. We infer that there was early, syndepositional gravity gliding down a topographic slope dipping into the coeval Gdów depocenter to the east, and that subsequent north-directed Carpathian shortening generated the small-scale contractional structures as the larger folds were developing

scholarly journals Whatever happened to the North East? Reflections on the end of regionalism in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Shaw ◽  
Fred Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
External Relationships ◽  
Economic Austerity

Governance in the English regions has been undermined and weakened by recent structural changes. Although well established during the New Labour era, the regional level of governance in England did not survive the post-2010 process of institutional churn shaped by economic austerity and central government’s aversion to the regional level. This has subsequently led to rescaling to the sub-regional level and the introduction of devolution ‘deals’ involving new combined authorities with elected mayors. This article looks at the experience of North East England, where regional structures have been broken up and the region disempowered by such changes. It reviews what has happened to governance in the North East over the past 20 years and discusses why the dismantling of regional governance matters. While the region’s external relationships with central government are problematic, it is also argued that governance problems within the region are no less important and need reforming. Longitudinal research indicates that organisations providing public services in the North East have continued to be characterised by inadequate accountability, unrepresentative governance and lack of transparency. The combined effects of the devolutionary consequences of Brexit and the ineffectiveness of small-scale ‘devo-deal’ interventions mean that the ‘Regionalist case’ in England will need to be refashioned and restated. The article concludes by considering the case for reintroducing regional-level governance and points to ways of bolstering the accountability and effectiveness of this level of sub-national governance.

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