Large-scale geobotanical map of the Tuzla Spit and Tuzla Island (the Kerch Strait)

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
T. A. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The South ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
The North ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images

During an ecological expertise the vegetation of Tuzla Spit and Tuzla Island, located in the middle part of the Kerch Strait (Fig. 1), was studied. This area is unique in terms of biological diversity and a presence of rare species (Ermolaeva et al., 2018). The study is based on 150 geobotanical relevés. Field data, topographic maps, and high-resolution satellite images were used in the vegetation mapping. The total area of the study is 383 hectares. There are the following hierarchical levels in the legend to the vegetation map: types of vegetation and classes of associations. A mapping unit is an association described according to the Braun-Blanquet system (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). The highest divisions of the legend are the types of vegetation: aquatic, coastal-aquatic, halophytic, psammophytic, steppe; they are given according to the ecological-phytocoenotic classification. Within the types of vegetation, classes of associations are given according to the ecological-floristic classification. 26 main numbers of the legend display the vegetation cover on the map. Geobotanical map reflects the state of vegetation in 2015 (Fig. 2). The vegetation of the island is heterogeneous. Plant communities as narrow stripes replace each other depending on the degree of moisture, salinity and orography. The sea currents have a great influence on the vegetation. In the southern part of the Taman Bay, suspension flows are directed from the South to the North and round the island, which leads to the “washing-up” of the southeastern part of the island represented by shallow waters and estuaries. It is occupied mainly by halophytic vegetation, the main dominants of plant communities are Juncus maritimus, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia distans, Bassia hirsuta, Salicornia pe­rennans, S. prostrata, Suaeda salsa, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Elytrigia elongata, Tripolium vulgare. The northwestern part of the strait is occupied by the area of jet streams of suspensions coming from the North to the South from the Sea of Azov. This caused the accumulation of sand-shell material in the northern and northwestern parts of the island forming raised areas co­vered by psammophytic and steppe communities. The main dominant species here are Crambe maritima var. pontica, Cakile euxina, Eryngium maritimum, Lactuca tatarica, Salsola tragus, Leymus sabulosus, Artemisia arenaria, Gypsophila perfoliata. As a result of the transport crossing construction, the vegetation cover was heavily transformed. The vegetation map of Tuzla Spit and Island for 2019 shows the changes that have occurred — the drainage of the territory and the reduction of the vegetated area (Fig. 3). Distribution of weed species, in particular Ambrosia artemisiifolia, is noted. The remained vegetation in the southern part of the Tuzla Spit and the southern part of the Tuzla Island has a great nature conservation value; there are unique plant communities and rare plant species listed in the Red books of different ranks (Red..., 2007, 2008, 2015): Cakile euxina, Crambe maritime, Glaucium flavum, Euphorbia paralias, E. peplis, Eryngium mari­timum, Astrodaucus littoralis, Asparagus maritimus, Centaurea arenaria, Argusia sibirica, Astragalus varius, Verbascum pinnatifidum, Leymus racemosus subsp. sabulosus, Secale sylvestre. There is an obvious need to organize a specially protected natural area in these areas.

Showing the vegetation cover of flood-plains and river valleys on the Vegetation Map of Kazakhstan and middle Asia

1995 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
N. M. Kalibernova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Former Ussr

The fragment of the legend of the map concerning the vegetation of flood- plains and river-valleys in the subzones of northern and southern deserts is presented in the article. The map is compiled in Department of Vegetspon Geography and Cartography of Komarov Botanical Institute by a large team of botanists-geographers of the former USSR. The nature environments determining the development of vegetation of river-valleys in arid climate are conditioned by the intrazonal factors (alluvial and flood processes) at the background of natural zonal factors. Contrasts of environments and corresponding plant communities manifest themselves first of all. Mineralization of ground waters, salinity of soils, including the alluvial ones, are of essential importance. The practice of vegetation mapping of unstable habitats, to which floodplain landscapes belong, has shown that units of phytocoenological classification is of little use for this purpose. The heterogeneity of vegetation, consisting of short-term unstable serial communities generates a need for typification of space combinations of such phytocoenoses. For this purpose it is convenient to use generalized ecological-dinamic series, including plant communities of all levels within the limits of definite segment of valley. These series are the mapping units on the map. The vegetation of the first terrace is also nessecary to include in a single series with flood-plain vegetation because it has supplementary influence of ground waters. The higher divisions of the legend are based on zonal characters: vegetation of valleys in northern, middle and southern deserts. 13 numbers are used to show the vegetation cover of flood-plains and valleys. Additional 7 numbers are used for the out-of-valley meadow vegetation. The content is enriched by using of the letters by the numbers showing the geographic variants of series and ciphers for combination of series and out-of-series communities. The text legend is supplemented by the matrix (table), showing the subordination of subtitles, zonal position and geographic distribution of divisions. The types of series in the matrix are listed with indication of the main dominant species that gives the additional information on the legend divisions. The author's conclusion is that valley vegetation reveals clearly the zonal features, correlating with zonal (desert) vegetation.

Vegetation map of Norsky nature reserve (Amur Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
I. G. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Species List ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Larch Forests

The Norsky State Nature Reserve is located in Selemdzhinsky district of the Amurskaya oblast. Its area is 211 168 ha. Currently the flora of the Norsky Nature Reserve is studied in details. A species list has been published and an analysis of the flora has been made (Starchenko, Chuvasheva, 1993; Veklich, 2009). The vegetation cover is poorly studied; so far no geobotanical map of the Reserve has been compiled. Only the overview map (scale 1 : 2 500 000) of the vegetation of the Amur basin (1969) gives an idea of the vegetation as a whole. The climatic characteristics of the territory and the complex relief determine the diversity of plant habitats and their communities. The climate of the Norsky Reserve is continental with monsoon features and even ultracontinental (after A. I. Kaigorodov (1955). The modern relief of the Reserve includes wide floodplains of Nora and Selemdzha rivers, accumulative delta-terraces plain, Norskaya accumulative denudation plain (Geomorphologiya..., 1973) and hills. According to the latest botanical and geographical zoning of the Amurskaya oblast, the Norsky Reserve belongs to the Mamynskiy and Ulmsko-Aldikonskiy districts of the Turan-Mamyn province of the Manchurian subdistrict of the East Asian area (Borisova,Starchenko, 2018). The province belongs to southern taiga with some elements of nemoral forests (Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis and etc.) along the valleys of Selemdzha River and its major tributaries. The southern taiga includes different larch forests (often disturbed), derived birch-larch forests with Pinus sylvestris, Picea ajanensis and Abies nephrolepis. The presence of nemoral species in forest cenoses increases in the direction from north to south. A province peculiarity is the wide distribution of larch peatmoss forests, swamps and wet meadows. The scientific-reference typological map of vegetation on a medium scale (1 : 300 000) was compiled for the Norsky Nature Reserve for the first time. It shows spatial patterns of vegetation distribution in connection with the natural features of the territory (Fig. 5). The vegetation map legend is based on an ecologic and phytocoenotic classification. A zonal distribution of plant communities is presented in the legend. Plant communities are divided into some categories: dark-coniferous, light-coniferous and derived forests, which are represented as formations. The main cartographic units are groups of associations and their various combinations. The legend shows the vegetation of floodplains, rocks, and disturbed areas. Vegetation divisions are represented on the vegetation map by seventeen colors and one extra scale sign. All symbols have their own serial number, which is marked in the map legend. The largest areas on the territory of the Reserve are occupied by larch forests — 42 % (Fig. 6). The forested territory as a whole occupies 36.5 %, of which the largest areas are rhododendron larch (9.7 %) and floodplain (9.5 %) forests. Ledum larch and moss-shrub forests occupy 5.7 %. Larch mixed-grass-shrub forests cover some small areas (2.0 %). Sub-taiga larch forests with nemoral grasses and often with oak and black birch trees occupy 0.6 %. Pine and larch-pine forests extend 1.3 % of the Reserve’s area. Fir-spruce forests on watersheds have limited distribution — about 1 %. They are a chain of ecologic-dynamic series on floodplain occupying 2.7 % of the Reserve’s area. To conclude, the vegetation cover of the Norsky Nature Reserve reflects the zonal and provincial features of the territory.

Middle-scale geobotanical mapping of the North-Western Cisbaikalia with regard to the evolutionary and dynamic vegetation trends

2015 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
E. E. Korolkova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Actual State ◽  
General Development ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Mapping Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Species ◽  
North Western ◽  
Coenotic Diversity

The problem of rational use of natural resources of the Cisbaikalia is related to the study of vegetation, assessment of its actual state, extent of disturbance, as well as the prediction of dynamic trends. The investigated territory of the North-Western Cisbaikalia lies within the area of contacts of several physiographic and biogeographical boundaries. Great species and coenotic diversity of vegetation associated with it. The present-day vegetation of the region was formed in the late Pliocene – early Quaternary periods. When studying the evolutionary transformation of plant communities palynological, palaeobotanical and radiocarbon methods are used. The diversity of plant communities and their dynamics were reflected on the middle-scale (1 : 500 000) vegetation map. In constructing the mapping model and the legend to the map the vegetation was classified on geographic, genetic and structural-dynamic principles developed by V.B. Sochava and his followers. The results revealed the main regularities of distribution and development of the vegetation of the North-Western Cisbaikalia, identified their disturbance and general development trends.

Genetic resources, biotechnology and intellectual property: The current debate and developing a constructive agenda for the South

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
The South ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Relationships

AbstractOver the past few years, policy, legal and economic analysis of the complex relationships between genetic resources, biotechnology and intellectual property has multiplied. These relationships are fundamentally based on issues regarding rights over and control of biodiversity and related inventions and innovation. They notoriously confront biodiversity rich countries of the South, with technologically advanced but biodiversity poor countries of the North. Controversies are often captured under the general discussions on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS), as placed on the agenda by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) after its adoption in 1992.

scholarly journals Mapping of vegetation communities of the subzone of dark coniferous forests of the South Sakhalin based on space surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Alexey Verkhoturov ◽  
Vyacheslav Melkiy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The South ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Significant Difference

Research was carried out improve efficiency of thematic mapping based on the recognition of plant communities in the subzone of dark coniferous forests for South of Sakhalin on multi-time satellite images of average resolution Landsat 8. We used reference samples of sites where geobotanical studies were conducted, for improve the quality of recognition during automated decryption. Experiments were conducted decode vegetation on singlechannel, synthesized multi-zone images obtained in different seasons of year. Spectral characteristics allow us identify plant communities in images based on morphological and physiological properties of various plants, which were quantified by reflection of vegetation in the spring image, and an integral indicator of photosynthetic activity of vegetation, which was evaluated by NDVI index calculated from spring and autumn images. Conceptual and methodological aspects of direct expert interpretation of vegetation from Landsat images by classification methods using ESRI ArcGIS raster algebra tools are considered. On example of study of vegetation communities of subzone of dark-coniferous forests of the South of Sakhalin with sufficient level of reliability, dark-coniferous forests, stone birch forest, cedar elfin formation, valley forests, thickets of Kuril bamboo, as well as residential zones, agricultural lands, areas devoid of vegetation as result of gravitational slope processes, wetlands, windfalls and man-made wasteland were identified. Decoding of vegetation cover from Landsat images showed that use of seasonal time series can significantly increase the reliability of the interpretation of most species of plant communities for the South of island. The research area is characterized by significant difference in altitude from 0 to 1100 m, as a result presence of high-altitude zone in the vegetation cover, which must be taken into account when decoding. Mapping is completed by performing automatic vectorization of raster layers and further generalization of vector polygons in accordance with selected map scale.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN VOLCANIC ARC: THE METHANA PENINSULA (SARONIC GULF, GREECE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kougioumoutzis ◽  
A. Tiniakou ◽  
T. Georgiadis ◽  
O. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The South ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

The Methana Peninsula (Saronic Gulf, Greece) constitutes the youngest and northwestern part of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The flora of the Methana Peninsula consists of 620 taxa, 101 of which are under some protection status, while 35 are Greek endemics and 380 are reported here for the first time. The study area has the highest percentage of endemism in the Saronic Gulf. Additionally, for some endemic taxa, their known distribution is expanded. These include Crocus sieberi subsp. atticus and Ophrys oestrifera subsp. leptomera, reported for the first time for the phytogeographical region of the Peloponnese; Campanula andrewsii subsp. hirsutula and Colchicum psaridis, reported for the first time for the North Peloponnese; and Trigonella rechingeri, reported for the first time from the Greek mainland. The floristic affinities between the study area and the large islands of the Saronic Gulf are examined by the application of Sørensen’s index to investigate the relationships between them.

Typology of territorial units of vegetation for the purposes of large-scale mapping (the Kolguev Island as an example)

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lavrinenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Hierarchical System ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Kolguev Island ◽  
Basic Rank

A typological scheme of territorial units of vegetation (TUV) developed on the basis of the large-scale map of theKolguev Island is presented. Four basic rank typological units (division, class, group and type) define TUV positions in the hierarchical system of vegetation cover. The concepts of diagnostic syntaxon and combination of diagnostic syntaxa that occur exclusively or primarily within these typological units are introduced. Prodromus of the Kolguev Island vegetation consists of 42 syntaxa (association / subassociation / type of community). 38 types of TUV from 22 groups (8 homogeneous and 14 heterogeneous – serial and ecological ranks, complexes and combinations), assigned to 15 classes and 3 divisions are allocated on the vegetation map in 1 : 50 000 scale. The categories of different rank can be used as dynamic elements of the map legend. This approach gives us a possibility to combine the syntaxonomic diversity of plant communities and typology of TUV.

scholarly journals The suffering of Bosniaks in the recent war in the area of Sućeska in the municipality of Srebrenica

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-325
Author(s):  
Alija Suljić ◽  
◽  
Amir Halilović ◽  
Nusret Hodžić ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

Sućeska is a physio-geographical and anthropogeographical area in the northwestern part of the Srebrenica municipality. In the narrow sense, this area is bordered by Zeleni Jadar river canyon in the south and the valley of the Bukovica river in the north. In a broader sense, the area of Sućeska includes the area between the upper basin of the Potočari River, in the north, and plateau of Podravnje, in the south. The western border is the valley of the river Zeleni Jadar, and in the east it is the area of springs of the Kazani river and Kutlicka river. These boundaries of the Sućeska region should be taken on a conditional basis, because in the defining boundaries of an area should also be consider the anthropogeographical features of the area, such as the historical development of the area, ethno-geographical and cultural-geographical features, then the sense of mutual affiliation to some geographical area, etc. In the Middle Ages, area of Sućeska belonged to the Trebotići parish, with a much larger area, which included a large part of the upper and middle river flow of the river Zeleni Jadar.Taking into account cultural, ethnographic and historical facts, the geographic area of Sućeska includes the following inhabited places: Bostahovine, Brakovci, Bučinovići, Bučje, Kutuzero, Lipovac, Opetci, Podgaj, Podosoje, Slatina, Staroglavice, Sućeska i Žedanjsko. The area of Sućeska is approximately 64.3 square kilometers and covers the territory of thirteen populated places in the northwestern part of the municipality of Srebrenica. According to the population census of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991, there were 638 households in the area of Sućeska, with an average size of 5.1 members, and a total population of 3,291 members, mostly Bosniaks ethnicity. According to the latest census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina conducted in 2013, 1,475 people (757 women) lived in Sucesska, of which 1,461 Bosniak people (751 women). The paper presents the most important demographic consequences of war suffering of Bosniaks, in the area of Sućeska, in the municipality of Srebrenica, particulary during the genocide in so called "UN Safe Area of Srebrenica" , in July 1995. During the aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina, 118 Bosniak were killed, including 33 of the female, of the average age of 38.1 years. The average age of killed men was 36.4 years. Number of the widows whose husbands were killed is 50, with 111 children orphans, with an average age of 10.6 years. During the genocide, 619 people were killed, including 9 women, with the average age of 60.1 years. The average age of killed men, the victims of genocide, was 35.6 years. Number of the widows whose husbands were killed is 383, with 624 children orphans, with an average age of 7.9 years. Until today, there are less than 500 Bosniaks living in the area of Sućeska, and more than 600 people whose living outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly in the United States of America.

scholarly journals Le Domérien-Toarcien Inférieur De La Ride De Fert Elbir (Rides Sud-Rifaines, Maroc)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Mohamed Erragragui ◽  
Aïssa Masrour ◽  
Hicham Benbaqqal ◽  
Mostafa Gretaa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
The North ◽  
Facies Associations ◽  
Northwestern Margin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Evolution ◽  
The Many

The South-Rifain ridges are located at 30 Km in the North of Meknes City, they constitute the extreme southern limit of the Rifaine chain. Globally, these ridges integrate into the history of African northwestern margin evolution. Mainly, the frame of this ridge is composed of the Jurassic sedimentation. The Fert Elbir ridge, subject of this study, is among the leading reliefs in the South-Rifain ridges. Generally, in this ridge, two geological sections have been studied, in the objective to determine and to understand the history of sedimentological, bio-stratigraphical and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Jurassic sedimentary series. Essentially, it includes the carbonates and marls deposits, composed mainly by several facies and micro-facies, grouped in eight facies associations. They contain a very important biological diversity especially at the level of the middleDomerian. Paleo-environmentally, this sedimentation series was deposited in the many diversified environments, having the areas of deposit essentially very close to the coast (proximal), or located in distal position with several hundred meters from the shore.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE OF THE VEGETATIVE COVER OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF TUVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
A. D. Sambuu ◽  
О. D. Ajunova ◽  
S. A. Chupikova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
The North ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Mountain Taiga

The article presents the study of vegetation cover in the Northeast of Tuva. The surveillance research was conducted in summer season from 2009 to 2017. It was revealed that nearly all altitudinal vegetation belts common to the Mountains of Southern Siberia are widespread in the studied area. The vegetation cover that creates biological diversity and conditions for its preservation, is peculiar for its geological history (relatively young site), specific landscape (combination of highlands and lowlands), climatic and landscape mosaic, low impact of anthropogenic activities. The vegetation cover conforms with the laws of altitudinal zonation, highland belts and mountain taiga belts. The prevailing type of vegetation is mountain taiga. In the result of conducted research, a series of electronic large-scale maps were created (universal map and evaluation map) with the help of ArcView GIS software. Both traditional methods and modern mapping techniques were used for vegetation communities, based on forest surveying data as well as on author’s filed research records. The vegetation map fragment is provided and the area’s landscape structure is described. Vegetation cover in the area under research is characterized by originality due to historical and environmental conditions, as well as proximity of the mountains. Currently, this is one of the few Siberian areas where anthropogenic activity is very limited. As of landscape peculiarities, the territory is remarkable for inhomogenuity of its landscape and environment which in its turn results in a wide typological variety of vegetation and considerable contrast of vegetation cover. In this regard, the territory of these mountain ridges is a model region to study historical development of vegetation cover in the mountains of the Southern Siberia.

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