scholarly journals Deciding on the timing of early public childcare in Germany. An application of rational choice theory.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Corinna Kleinert
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
West Germany ◽  
East And West Germany

This study investigates some of the mechanisms, which lead to social inequalities in the usage of early childhood education and care (ECEC) by focusing on a recent period of public childcare expansion in Germany. Based on sociological rational educational decision models, we model the decision to use ECEC as a rational cost-benefit investment strategy, which simultaneously affects the human capital of mothers and children. We test our assumptions with data from the new-born cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC1), estimating event history models. Results indicate that cost-benefit calculations are indeed relevant for the timing of ECEC take-up, but do not explain social differences. Mothers who perceive ECEC take-up as an investment into child development and as an opportunity to maintain their own occupational status take up ECEC earlier. This<br>association is particularly pronounced for highly educated mothers. Moreover, differences for East and West Germany highlight the importance of the cultural context for cost-benefit considerations. <br>

scholarly journals Deciding on the timing of early public childcare in Germany. An application of rational choice theory.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Corinna Kleinert
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
West Germany ◽  
East And West Germany

This study investigates some of the mechanisms, which lead to social inequalities in the usage of early childhood education and care (ECEC) by focusing on a recent period of public childcare expansion in Germany. Based on sociological rational educational decision models, we model the decision to use ECEC as a rational cost-benefit investment strategy, which simultaneously affects the human capital of mothers and children. We test our assumptions with data from the new-born cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC1), estimating event history models. Results indicate that cost-benefit calculations are indeed relevant for the timing of ECEC take-up, but do not explain social differences. Mothers who perceive ECEC take-up as an investment into child development and as an opportunity to maintain their own occupational status take up ECEC earlier. This<br>association is particularly pronounced for highly educated mothers. Moreover, differences for East and West Germany highlight the importance of the cultural context for cost-benefit considerations. <br>

scholarly journals Convergence or Divergence? Educational Discrepancies in Work-Care Arrangements of Mothers with Young Children in Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Frederike Stahl ◽  
Pia Sophia Schober
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
East And West

This study examines how educational differences in work-care patterns among mothers with young children in Germany changed between 1997 and 2013. Since the mid-2000s, Germany has undergone a paradigm shift in parental leave and childcare policies. Our comparative analysis of East and West Germany provides new evidence on whether the long-standing gender regime differences interact with recent developments of social class inequalities in the changing family policy context. The analyses include pooled binary and multinomial logistic regressions based on 17,764 observations of 8604 children below the age of three years from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). The findings point to growing educational divergence in work-care arrangements in East and West Germany: employment and day-care use increased more strongly among families with medium and highly educated mothers compared to those with low education. This has critical implications for the latter’s economic security. The decline in the use of informal childcare options was, however, fairly homogenous.

Timing of School-to-Work Transitions: A Developmental-Contextual Perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Reitzle ◽  
Fred W. Vondracek ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
School To Work ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Occupational Training ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Stratified Sample

The critical role of the timing of person-context interactions, a central notion of developmental contextualism, is recognised as important in the conceptualisation of the school-to-work transition. As a result, an expanded framework for understanding this transition is employed in the present study. A stratified sample of young adults from former East and from West Germany participated in a 1991 national survey of youth. Retrospective data concerning life events during childhood and adolescence, and progress through school and occupational training, as well as extensive current information regarding attitudes, values, and occupational status, were analysed through the use of survival analyses. Findings revealed important differences in how individual differences and contextual factors contributed to the school-to-work transition in the contrasting environments of former East and West Germany.

Islamist Rationality: An Assessment of the Rational Choice Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Çavdar
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Ideological Change ◽  
Choice Approach

AbstractA growing body of literature criticizes the notion that Islamism is sui generis and argues that it could be explained by existing conceptions about human behavior. This approach relies on rational choice theory and its derivatives, characterizing Islamists as rational political actors that engage in cost-benefit analysis and strategic calculation. This article evaluates the explanatory power of this characterization through three case studies, namely the Turkish Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi), the Jordanian Islamic Action Front (Jabhat al-Amal al-Islami), and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan al-Muslimun). It argues that although the approach offers explanations for Islamist pragmatism, this characterization has three major limitations: lack of room for ideological change, extreme voluntarism between violence and non-violence, and lack of insight for intra-group gender relations.

Social background and school track choice: An analysis informed by the rational choice framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 000169932110616
Author(s):  
Ilaria Lievore ◽  
Moris Triventi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Relative Risk Aversion ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Academic Track

We investigate social inequalities based on social background in the choice of the academic track among equally performing students, and how indicators derived from the rational choice framework contribute to account for such inequalities. We discuss the main theoretical concepts underpinning rational choice theory as applied to educational decisions: perceived costs, benefits, and risks of failure; relative risk aversion; and time-discounting preferences. In the empirical section, we use a unique dataset concerning the transition to different tracks in upper secondary school in a large Southern Italian region. By using various regression methods and the Karlson/Holm/Breen decomposition technique, we show that social inequalities in access to the academic track are considerable, even in recent cohorts, and that they are largely not explained by previous academic performance. Indicators linked to key concepts proposed by the rational choice theory—as measured in this study—account, as a whole, for 31% of the gap based on parental education, and for 40% of the gap based on parental occupation. The most important sources of inequalities among those this study examines are the expected benefits associated with the educational alternatives and the time-discounting preferences, while relative risk aversion and the perceived chances of success play negligible roles.

Factors Influencing the Outcome of Money Laundering Investigations

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Zolkaflil ◽  
Normah Omar ◽  
Sharifah Nazatul Faiza Syed Mustapha Nazri
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Money laundering is a global issue that must be effectively mitigated across the nation. Despite various initiatives, investigation outcome either in the form of prosecution, conviction, or confiscation remains low. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors influencing money laundering investigating outcome, based on rational choice theory. The study conducted focus group interviews with 15 investigating officers to have an in-depth understanding of factors and challenges faced by investigating officers in conducting money laundering investigation which influences their investigation outcome. The findings demonstrate that money laundering investigation outcome is influenced by three factors, which are cost-benefit analysis, individual belief, and organizational context. The findings of the study provide significant contributions in confirming the theoretical foundations underpinning this research and suggest recommendations for the relevant regulators in improving money laundering investigation and prosecution decision making.

Rational Choice and Rebellious Collective Action

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward N. Muller ◽  
Karl-Dieter Opp
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Private Interest ◽  
Selective Incentives ◽  
Using Data

A basic problem for a rational choice theory of rebellious collective action is to explain why average citizens would participate in such behavior, since they have nothing to gain (they will receive benefits of successful rebellion, in terms of public goods, regardless of whether they take part or not), but much to lose (rebellious behavior may be quite costly). According to the conventional private interest or “by-product” theory, the incentive to participate must come from the expectation of receiving selective benefits; but since average citizens in a general case cannot expect substantial private material rewards, the relevant selective benefits must be psychological in nature. In contrast to the model of private interest theory, a public goods model is proposed, stipulating that the value of rebellion in terms of public goods can be a relevant incentive for participation. Using data from surveys conducted in New York City and Hamburg, West Germany, we investigate the relationship between participation in rebellious political behavior and measures of the incentives of public goods and private interest. The results do not support predictions of the private interest model in regard to nonmaterial selective incentives. Hypotheses of the public goods model are supported.

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Religion

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economics Of Religion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Choices

This book brings together scholars in the economics of religion. The treatment of topics is interdisciplinary, comparative, as well as global in nature. Articles apply the economics of religion approach to contemporary issues such as immigrants in the United States and ask historical questions such as why Judaism as a religion promoted investment in education. The economics of religion applies economic concepts (for example, supply and demand) and models of the market to the study of religion. Advocates of the economics of religion approach look at ways in which the religion market influences individual choices as well as institutional development. For example, economists would argue that when a large denomination declines, the religion is not supplying the right kind of religious good that appeals to the faithful. Like firms, religions compete and supply goods. The economics of religion approach using rational choice theory assumes that all human beings, regardless of their cultural context or socio-economic situation, act rationally to further his/her ends.

Revisiting the role of process incentives as a determinant of university students’ protest

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-253
Author(s):  
Elias Dinas ◽  
Kostas Gemenis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Public

Drawing on the original data collected during a period of university student protest in Greece, we explore whether the expected gains from the act of protesting itself influence an individual's decision to participate in collective action. More particularly, we investigate the extent to which the process incentives qualify the weight individuals attach to the primary elements of the original cost–benefit equation of rational choice theory as well as other considerations in their decision-making process. Our findings point out that the magnitude of the effect of the process incentives is very strong and its inclusion in a rational choice model improves our understanding of students’ participation in protest activities. Turning to indirect effects, we show that process incentives behave as a first stage precondition for the students’ decision to participate in collective action. In the absence of perceived benefits associated with the process of protesting, the importance of attaining the public good becomes much less important in their decision-making process.

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