scholarly journals Modern endoscopic methods for the diagnosis of laterally spreading tumors (LST) of the colon

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
E. A. Solovev ◽  
T. V. Kovalenko ◽  
V. A. Duvanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Laterally Spreading Tumor ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Laterally Spreading Tumors

The aim: to focus on the possibilities of modern endoscopy in the diagnosis of laterally spreading (creeping) tumors — LST (laterally spreading tumor) of the colon.Materials and methods: description and comparison, based on data available in the literature, of modern endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of LST.Results: the analysis and systematization of the obtained data revealed the advantages of modern endoscopic diagnostic methods not only in detecting LST, but also in predicting their morphological structure.Conclusion: the use of modern endoscopic diagnostic methods allows not only to improve the detection of neoplasms, but also to choose the best options for further treatment based on the information received.

scholarly journals A large ovarian steroid cell tumor‐not otherwise specified with a unique combination of benign and malignant features as a challenging cause of oligomenorrhea and hirsutism in a 21‐year‐old Syrian female: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Ismail ◽  
Munawar Hraib ◽  
Rana Issa ◽  
Thanaa Alassi ◽  
Zuheir Alshehabi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Steroid Cell Tumor ◽  
Rare Category

Abstract Background Ovarian steroid cell tumors represent a rare category of sex cord-stromal tumors that constitute less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors. These neoplasms are classified into three main subtypes according to the cell of origin: Leidyg cell tumors, stromal luteomas, and steroid cell tumors not otherwise specified (SCTs-NOS). The latter subtype is defined as a neoplasm of an uncertain lineage that mostly affects middle-aged women, whereas it’s rare in younger ages. Case presentation We report a case of a 21-year-old virgin female who presented to our hospital with complaints of mild abdominal pain, hirsutism, and oligomenorrhea for more than a year. Before her current admission, the patient had attended an external gynecologic clinic where she had been prescribed oral contraceptives to regulate her periods. Nevertheless, on presentation to our institution, physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness with a palpable pelvic mass and mild hirsutism in the thigh. Ultrasonography demonstrated a large left ovarian mass measuring 154 × 104 mm, and compressing the uterus. Therefore, a unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and interestingly, pathologic examination of the large aforementioned mass alongside with immunohistochemical correlation revealed the diagnosis of a large ovarian steroid cell tumor-not otherwise specified with a unique combination of benign and malignant features. Conclusions Although ovarian steroid cell tumors represent a rare category, they must be considered in the differential diagnosis for mild virilization symptoms in young females due to the importance of early diagnosis and management. In this manuscript, we aimed to present the first case report from Syria that highlights the crucial role of detailed morphological examination for challenging cases despite the difficulties in differential diagnosis, and the absence of ancillary techniques. Furthermore, we managed to discuss a brief review of diagnostic methods, histological characteristics, and treatment recommendations.

Congenital optic disc coloboma

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A.O. Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
E.E. Sidorenko ◽  
D.V. Miguel ◽  
A.S. Smartsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Charge Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Optic Disc Coloboma ◽  
Optic Nerve Coloboma

A clinical case of observation of a 3-year-old child with a newly diagnosed optic nerve coloboma and multiple malformations is considered. The clinical picture and diagnostic methods necessary for the diagnosis are reflected. On the example of this child, the differential diagnosis with Charge syndrome is considered. Key words: coloboma, optic nerve coloboma, partial optic nerve atrophy, astigmatism, Charge syndrome.

scholarly journals Endoscopic surgeries and correction of homeostasis disorders in patients with obstructive jaundice

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-447
Author(s):  
I S Malkov ◽  
G R Zakirov ◽  
V N Korobkov ◽  
M N Nasrullayev
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Endoscopic Papillotomy ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Pancreatic Sphincterotomy

Aim. To improve the treatment results of patients with obstructive jaundice using endoscopic methods for restoring biliary tract patency. Methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment results of 636 patients, treated in the surgical departments of City Clinical Hospital №7, Kazan, Russia in 2004-2014 with obstructive jaundice induced by tumors and other diseases was performed. Results. It was revealed that using endoscopic techniques for biliary system decompression allows to improve the treatment results. Our observations of patients 2014 with obstructive jaundice induced by tumors and other diseases suggest that the most important element of a comprehensive treatment of such patients is the earliest possible biliary tract decompression using minimally invasive approach, including endoscopic papillotomy and biliary tract stenting. The liver failure stage is an important criterion that defines patient management in case of obstructive jaundice. In patients with obstructive jaundice, treatment of endogenous toxemia and liver failure, according to the contemporary approaches, is based on drug administration and infusions of the required volume and contents, associated with one of the methods for biliary decompression therapy adequate in its formula and size. Conclusion. Endoscopic surgeries are indicated in the majority of acute, recurrent, and chronic large duodenal papilla obstruction cases. Performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy in obstructive jaundice not associated with biliary tumors may refuse the surgical approach or reduce its volume and surgical injury.

scholarly journals The diagnostic and prognostic value of serological markers of inflammatory bowel diseases (a literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
D. А. Kuznetsova ◽  
S. V. Lapin ◽  
O. B. Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is based on a combination of clinical, endoscopic, histological, radiological and laboratory methods. However, conventional diagnostic methods are not always sufficiently informative in IBD, especially in the case of unclassified colitis, which necessitates the extension of standard diagnostic approaches. Currently, there is an actively search for non-invasive serological markers for early and differential diagnosis of IBD and for the assessment of activity and prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Among the most interesting serological markers are anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), goblet cells antibodies (GAB) and pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB). The aim of this review is to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ASCA, ANCA, GAB, PAB in CD and UC. The paper presents the summary of the data on the role of ASCA, ANCA, GAB and PAB in abnormalities of the immunological tolerance mechanisms to intestinal microflora and intestinal permeability in IBD. We discuss the results of the studies on the associations of ASCA with a complicated CD phenotype, its response to genetically engineered biological therapies, and the need for surgical intervention. The article describes the data on the association of ANCA to the risk of progression of left-sided UC to widespread (total) colon lesions resistant to hormonal therapy, and that of antibodies to DNA-lactoferrin complexes and proteinase 3 to primary sclerosing cholangitis. It has been noted that PAB may be a prognostic marker for ileocolitis, perianal lesions, extraintestinal manifestations and complicated CD, and GAB a  predictor of total UC with chronic persistent course. It should be emphasized that combined determination of ASCA, ANCA, GAB and PAB is highly informative, compared to the isolated detection of autoantibodies, for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of CD and UC.

Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Nayor ◽  
John R. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ischemic Colitis ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Radiation Proctitis ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Diverticular Bleeding ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Internal Hemorrhoids ◽  
Lower Gi Bleeding

Of patients who present with major gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, 20 to 30% will ultimately be diagnosed with bleeding originating from a lower GI source. Lower GI bleeding has traditionally been defined as bleeding originating from a source distal to the ligament of Treitz; however, with the advent of capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy allowing for visualization of the entire small bowel, the definition has been updated to GI bleeding originating from a source distal to the ileocecal valve. Lower GI bleeding can range from occult blood loss to massive bleeding with hemodynamic instability and predominantly affects older individuals, with a mean age at presentation of 63 to 77 years. Comorbid illness, which is a risk factor for mortality from GI bleeding, is also more common with increasing age. Most deaths related to GI bleeding are not due to uncontrolled hemorrhage but exacerbation of underlying comorbidities or nosocomial complications. This review covers the following areas: evaluation of lower GI bleeding (including physical examination and diagnostic tests), initial management, and differential diagnosis. Disorders addressed in the differential diagnosis include diverticulosis, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), ischemic colitis, anorectal disorders, radiation proctitis, postpolypectomy bleeding, and colorectal neoplasms. Figures show an algorithm for management of patients with suspected lower GI bleeding, tagged red blood cell scans, diverticular bleeding, colonic AVM, ischemic colitis, bleeding hemorrhoid, chronic radiation proctitis, and ileocolonic valve polyp. Tables list descriptive terms for rectal bleeding and suggested location of bleeding, imaging modalities and differential diagnosis for lower GI bleeding, endoscopic techniques for hemostasis, and an internal hemorrhoids grading system. This review contains 9 figures, 8 tables, and 103 references.

scholarly journals RADIAL DIGNOSTICS OF LIQUID FOCAL LIVER FORMATIONS WITH THEIR IDENTIFICATION OF A COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE INTRAHEPATIC BILIARY DUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
I. P. Vakulenko ◽  
V. V. Khatsko ◽  
O. Ye. Kuzmenko ◽  
V. N. Voytyuk ◽  
V. M. Fominov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Biliary Ducts ◽  
Cyst Hydatid ◽  
Difficult Cases

Summary. The aim of the study is to improve radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fluid focal formations of the liver and their communication with the intrahepatic bile ducts. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of radial diagnostics of drained liquid focal liver formations (non-parasitic cyst, hydatid cyst, abscess) in 182 patients over the past 8 years. Clinical laboratory methods, sonography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, laparoscopy, cytological and bacteriological examination of liquid from a cyst or liver abscess (in various combinations), statistical methods were used for the diagnostics. Results and discussion. 5 modified diagnostic methods have been applied, which made it possible to improve its accuracy and, at an early stage, to identify the communication of liquid formation with the intrahepatic biliary ducts. The characteristic radial criteria that correspond to various liquid focal liver formations are given. Conclusions. The use of a combination of imaging methods (MSCT, MRT, et al.) is necessary in difficult cases for the detection and differential diagnosis of fluid focal formations of the liver.

scholarly journals The Role of EUS in the Differential Diagnosis of Polypoid Lesions of the Gallbladder: Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Young Koog Cheon
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Recording Analysis ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Although most gallbladder (GB) polyps are benign, some early carcinomas of the GB share the same appearance as benign polyps. Currently, GB polyps larger than 1 cm should be surgically removed because of the increased risk of malignancy. Distinguishing between nonneoplastic, neoplastic, and potentially malignant lesions is a major diagnostic dilemma, and the therapeutic options for these lesions remain controversial. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is considered to be superior to conventional US for imaging GB lesions, because EUS can provide highresolution images of small lesions with higher ultrasound frequencies. However, differential diagnosis remains difficult, especially for small GB polyps. Thus, various diagnostic methods using EUS have been introduced to overcome difficulty for differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps. Contrastenhanced harmonic EUS is useful for observing microvascular patterns and additional enhancement images of GB polyps. This is needed a post-recording analysis due to a short enhancement time. Real-time color Doppler-EUS provides the Doppler flow of vessels without a time limit.

scholarly journals Diagnostic algorithm of solid kidney lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
R. A. Kadyrleev ◽  
E. A. Busko ◽  
E. V. Kostromina ◽  
L. N. Shevkunov ◽  
K. V. Kozubova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Kidney Tumors ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Kidney Lesions

Most often any kidney lesions are primary renal, but sometimes they can be secondary (metastases, lymphoma). Every year renal cell carcinoma tends to a significant increase in the incidence. Today there are many available methods of examination, however difficulties often remain in the differential diagnosis of kidney lesions. The article discusses about the modern possibilities of methods in the identification and assessment of kidney lesions, their role in determining the tactics of patient management and key approaches in imaging characterization of these masses using CT and PET, MRI and CEUS. The analysis of the modern literature has shown that the currently existing radiation diagnostic methods do not provide an absolute opportunity for differential diagnosis of rare kidney tumors. CEUS, according to various authors, demonstrates high efficiency indicators, but does not exceed these indicators in comparison with CT and MRI. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a potentially safe method and can be used as a method for additional examination to characterize indeterminate renal lesions.

scholarly journals ENDOSCOPIC INTERVENTIONS IN THE PATHOLOGY OF ARTIFICIAL ESOPHAGUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Drobyazgin ◽  
Yu. V. Chikinev ◽  
I. E. Sudovikh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Benign Diseases ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Artificial Esophagus ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The  OBJECTIVE  of the  study  is to assess the  possibilities of using  endoscopic techniques in the  treatment of diseases of  the  artificial  esophagus. MATERIAL AND METHODS.  Esophagoplasty for  benign   diseases of  the  esophagus  was performed in 184  patients. 73  patients were  diagnosed with diseases of the  artificial esophagus and  underwent various endoscopic  interventions. RESULTS.   Restoring patency of  the  anastomosis was  achieved in  all  cases of  esophageal anastomotic stenoses   (68).   No   complications  were   observed.   Endoscopic  interventions  in  other   diseases  of  the artificial  esophagus allowed   improving  the  quality  of  life,  restoring patency  or  preparing  the  patient   for  intervention. CONCLUSION.  Endoscopic methods of treatment of diseases of the artificial esophagus are highly effective, allowing to  restore patency of the  artificial esophagus and  esophageal anastomoses.  These interventions should  be  carried  out in the specialized departments.

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