Digital Technologies in the Field of Culture: Theorizing the Issue of Digital Data and Cultural Heritage

The purpose of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the digital collections functioning in the field of cultural heritage. Research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach to the digitization issue’s study of cultural heritage sites and museum practice. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the issue’s actualization of the functioning of digital collections of cultural heritage in the cultural context, the statement of the digital canon expansion in the field of cultural heritage. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the discrepancy between the scale of digitized content and the real number of non-digitized and unpublished works of culture and art raises important questions about who decides which works will be published, will enter the scientific and educational circulation, will expand the digital canon and will serve as a source of inspiration for the general public. Thus, the range of problems in the development of digital collections and digital content aggregators in the field of cultural heritage becomes evident. Digital publishing platforms should be seen as primary sources that reflect the cultural, political and social issues of the modern era and reveal ontological and epistemic gaps in the perception of cultural, ethnic and social affiliation. The analysis of conceptual and methodological approaches to the development of modern digital technologies in the field of cultural heritage, which defined the digital turn for all modern cultural processes, allows us to understand the basic patterns and trends associated with recording, analysis and transmission of cultural heritage at the present stage. Critical analysis of digital infrastructures enables the cultural study of the digital turn in the field of cultural heritage in order to identify the possibilities and limitations of digital technologies in the analysis, publication and dissemination of textual and visual materials, demonstrating works of culture and art.

Rebonds: Structural Affordances, Negotiation, and Creation

This paper presents a comparative recording analysis of the seminal work for solo percussion Rebonds (Iannis Xenakis, 1989), in order to demonstrate how performances of a musical work can reveal—or even create—aspects of musical structure that score-centered analysis cannot illuminate. In doing so I engage with the following questions. What does a pluralistic, dynamic conception of structure look like for Rebonds? How do interpretive decisions recast performers as agents of musical structure? When performances diverge from the score in the omission of notes, the softening of accents, the insertion of dramatic tempo changes, or the altering of entire passages, do conventions that arise out of those performance practices become part of the structural fabric of the work? Are these conventions thus part of the Rebonds “text”?

UKIDS – Trash Value: Educating With Citizenship in an Interdisciplinary Context

Supervised Teaching Practice (PES) should promote the development of skills associated with the profile of the teacher-researcher, namely: observation, recording, analysis, reflection. At the same time, it should provide children with rich and diverse experiences that produce education for (with) citizenship. The research project developed at PES was based on the European project UKIDS (Erasmus +) and was based on learning by project methodology, allowing for interdisciplinary knowledge. The challenges set in the project offer a variety of tasks to work on aspects such as initiative, motivation and innovation, as well as, trust and responsible social participation. Specifically, the Trash Value challenge, proposes to give a new life to waste, respecting a sustainable environment. Based on the implementation of this challenge and using the egg cartons, it was investigated how this material potentiated the development of social skills, reasoning and mathematical communication of children in the 4th year of schooling. The research methodology had characteristics of action-research, selecting different techniques and instruments for data collection. In addition to the pre-test and post-test carried out on the students and the teacher in charge of the class, audio recordings, field notes, photographic records and children’s productions were collected and organized in the form of multimodal narration. After conducting the study, it was possible to verify that the Trash Value challenge promoted the development of social skills, with a greater focus on cooperation, self-control and responsibility. Convergingly, problem-solving and mathematical communication skills have improved considerably, in an environment rich in children’s environmental awareness.

Broadening the scope of error categories in translation assessment through screen recording

To date, the assessment of student translations has been largely based on configurations of error categories that address some facet of the translation product. Focal points of such product-oriented error annotation include language mechanics (punctuation, grammar, lexis and syntax, for example) and various kinds of transfer errors. In recent years, screen recording technology has opened new doors for empirically informing translation assessment from a more process-oriented perspective (Massey and Ehrensberger-Dow, 2014; Angelone, 2019). Screen recording holds particular promise when tracing errors documented in the product back to potential underlying triggers in the form of processes that co-occur on screen in their presence. Assessor observations made during screen recording analysis can give shape to process-oriented error categories that parallel and complement product-oriented categories. This paper proposes a series of empirically informed, process-oriented error categories that can be used for assessing translations in contexts where screen recordings are applied as a diagnostic tool. The categories are based on lexical and semantic patterns derived from a corpus-based analysis of think-aloud protocols documenting articulations made by assessors when commenting on errors made in student translations while watching screen recordings of their work. It is hoped that these process-oriented error categories will contribute to a more robust means by which to assess and classify errors in translation.

Audio recording analysis in an urban park of the city of Milan (Italy)

A noise monitoring campaign has been performed in an urban park of Milan (Italy) called Parco Nord. The area of study is a large peri-urban park in the northern part of the city, characterized by wooded land rich in biodiversity and exposed to different sources and degrees of anthropogenic disturbances, such as road traffic noise and artificial light. The acoustic environment is rather complex due to the contemporary presence of different noise sources, leading to the difficult task of discriminating them in audio data. Due to these multifactorial characteristics, we evaluated different eco-acoustic indices in the attempt to derive a methodology to evaluate the potential of sound ecology indicators to discriminate the different types of sounds present in medium-large urban parks. Time series of about two-week recordings have been transformed into eco-acoustics indices and statistically analysed. The results show a redistribution of recordings into each cluster associated with different sound components and different period of the day. This allowed the identification of different degree of biophonic and/or anthropogenic activities throughout the day.

CAT-CAD: A Computer-Aided Diagnosis Tool for Cataplexy

Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a severe lifelong disorder characterized, among others, by sudden loss of bilateral face muscle tone triggered by emotions (cataplexy). A recent approach for the diagnosis of the disease is based on a completely manual analysis of video recordings of patients undergoing emotional stimulation made on-site by medical specialists, looking for specific facial behavior motor phenomena. We present here the CAT-CAD tool for automatic detection of cataplexy symptoms, with the double aim of (1) supporting neurologists in the diagnosis/monitoring of the disease and (2) facilitating the experience of patients, allowing them to conduct video recordings at home. CAT-CAD includes a front-end medical interface (for the playback/inspection of patient recordings and the retrieval of videos relevant to the one currently played) and a back-end AI-based video analyzer (able to automatically detect the presence of disease symptoms in the patient recording). Analysis of patients’ videos for discovering disease symptoms is based on the detection of facial landmarks, and an alternative implementation of the video analyzer, exploiting deep-learning techniques, is introduced. Performance of both approaches is experimentally evaluated using a benchmark of real patients’ recordings, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

Born-Digital Logistics: Impacts of 3D Recording on Archaeological Workflow, Training, and Interpretation

Digital technologies have been at the heart of fieldwork at the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project (KAP) since its beginning in 2014. All data on this excavation are born-digital, from textual, photographic, and videographic descriptions of contexts and objects in a database and excavation journals to 2D plans and profiles as well as 3D volumetric recording of contexts. The integration of structure from motion (SfM) modeling and its various products has had an especially strong impact on how project participants interact with the archaeological record during and after excavation. While this technology opens up many new possibilities for data recording, analysis, and presentation, it can also present challenges when the requirements of the recording system come into conflict with an archaeologist’s training and experience. Here, we consider the benefits and costs of KAP’s volumetric recording system. We explore the ways that recording protocols for image-based modeling change how archaeologists see and manage excavation areas and how the products of this recording system are revolutionizing our interaction with the (digital) archaeological record. We also share some preliminary plans for how we intend to expand this work in the future.

AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL PROBLEMS AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK DWIJENDRA DENPASAR IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020

This research aimed to know the students' problems in speaking skills at the tenth-grade students of SMK Dwijendra Denpasar Based on Teachers’ perspective, this research was a qualitative case study. The subjects of this research were two English Language teachers of SMK Dwijendra Denpasar. They were data collected through some instrument namely observation, an interview guide, recording, analysis documents, and interviewing. The findings showed that they were three difficulties faced by students when learning English was the level of mastery of vocabulary students have very less and Grammatical Errors in speaking, students experience difficulties and errors, especially in arranging sentences correctly. The strategies used by teachers to overcome students' problems in their ability to speak English were through strategies 1) small group discussions 2) Reading, 3) Practicing Dialogue and Retelling, 4) Translation According to the subject, 5) staring at the dictionary, 6) taking notes, 7) Provides opportunities for students to use vocabulary in real life contexts. The efforts made by teachers to make teaching and learning activities in English classes more interesting were1) by collaborating learning with games related to teaching materials. 2) play a word game. 3) provides opportunities for students to use vocabulary in real life contexts. Keywords: Teacher's perspective, speaking skills, Students’ problems Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan siswa dalam keterampilan berbicara pada siswa kelas X SMK Dwijendra Denpasar bersadarkan perspektif Guru. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah dua orang guru Bahasa Inggris SMK Dwijendra Denpasar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui beberapa instrumen yaitu observasi, pedoman wawancara, pencatatan, analisis dokumen, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa ketika belajar bahasa Inggris dimana tingkat penguasaan kosakata siswa sangat kurang dan Grammatical Errors dalam berbicara, siswa mengalami kesulitan dan kesalahan terutama dalam menyusun kalimat dengan benar. Strategi yang digunakan guru untuk mengatasi masalah siswa dalam kemampuan berbahasa Inggris adalah melalui strategi 1) Diskusi Kelompok Kecil 2) Membaca, 3) Berlatih Dialog dan Menceritakan Kembali, 4) Penerjemahan Sesuai Mata Pelajaran, 5) Menatap Kamus, 6) mencatat, 7) Memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk menggunakan kosakata dalam konteks kehidupan nyata. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru untuk membuat kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas bahasa Inggris lebih menarik adalah 1) dengan mengkolaborasikan pembelajaran dengan permainan yang berkaitan dengan bahan ajar. 2) Mainkan permainan kata. 3) memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk menggunakan kosakata dalam konteks kehidupan nyata. Kata kunci Perspektif Guru, Keterampilan Berbicara, Masalah Siswa

Editorial

Este tercer número de Contrapulso, convocado en medio del estallido social chileno de fines de 2019 y publicado en medio del recrudecimiento de la pandemia del Corona Virus en América Latina y Estados Unidos, no ha permanecido al margen de todo esto, aunque una revista académica no siempre deba o pueda dar cuenta de la contingencia inmediata que la rodea. Sin embargo, el tercer número de la revista fue convocado acusando recibo del estallido social y, de cierta forma, sumándose de este modo al propio clamor ciudadano.Es así como para este número convocamos el dossier “Música, sonido y movimientos sociales”, buscando artículos que abordaran la forma en que la música popular ha acompañado históricamente estos procesos en la región. Lo hicimos, porque creemos necesario prestar atención al modo en que la música y el sonido se relacionan con demandas por cambios en los modelos imperantes, orientadas hacia el resguardo de derechos humanos, medioambientales, sociales, económicos y culturales. Si bien llegó el triple de los artículos que conforman esta edición, aquellos motivados por la presencia de música popular en los movimientos sociales que imperan en la América Latina del siglo XXI –como fue convocado el dossier– fueron justamente escritos durante el fragor e inmediatez de las movilizaciones, sin tiempo para decantarlos y pulirlos mejor, por lo que no alcanzaron a ser publicados. Esperamos que a futuro los valiosos manuscritos que llegaron en esta temática encuentren una vía de publicación en este o en otro medio. De este modo, el concepto de “movimiento social” que prima en este dossier tiene más que ver con la solidaridad internacional surgida a partir de los golpes de estado y el exilio latinoamericano, como el concierto “An Evening with Salvador Allende” celebrado en 1974 en Nueva York, que es abordado por Juan Carlos Ramírez, y el exilio musical argentino en México en los años setenta, estudiado por Candelaria Luque. Ambos artículos son también actos de construcción de memoria. Junto a ellos, forma parte de este dossier un artículo sobre el uso y la resignificación que hizo el régimen de Augusto Pinochet de bienes simbólicos para sus fines políticos, como fue la apropiación de la canción “Libre” de Nino Bravo, abordada por Josefina Lewin. Es así como estos textos hablan más sobre el binomio música y política que de prácticas musicales surgidas desde la base de los movimientos sociales, que es como se manifestaría dicho binomio en el presente. Solamente uno de los artículos del dossier da cuenta de este fenómeno, que además suma el hecho de hacer música durante la pandemia: “El desafío de la inmediatez en la murga en Chile” de Alejandro Gana, uniendo las dos problemáticas que nos aquejan. Debido al efecto de la crisis global de la pandemia en las condiciones de investigación y en la acentuación de las desigualdades en la labor de investigadores e investigadoras, en Contrapulso optamos por ampliar el plazo de recepción de artículos y reseñas para este número. Esto produjo que al menos un tercio de los textos recibidos fueran de autoras mujeres, y que finalmente un 40% de lo efectivamente publicado fuera de investigadoras, la mitad en el caso del dossier. Finalmente, es un intento permanente de la revista por disminuir la distancia entre la América hispana y Brasil, en esta nueva edición hemos aumentado los textos en portugués. Ambas regiones muchas veces se aíslan mutuamente, restándole riqueza al debate intelectual latinoamericano, lo que es especialmente sensible en el caso de los estudios en música popular. Es así como los artículos de este número dan cuenta de realidades de Chile, Argentina, Brasil, México y Estados Unidos, mientras que las reseñas abordan libros publicados en Chile, Perú, Brasil y Estados Unidos que resultan de interés para los estudios en música popular de la región. En la sección de artículos libres, pero siempre orientados por la línea de la revista, incluimos un estudio de Nelson Rodríguez sobre la tendencia actual del hip-hop en Chile donde imperan los certámenes de competencia e improvisación llamados “peleas de gallos”, y un interesante artículo teórico de Humberto Junqueira donde reflexiona sobre el uso del método etnográfico de observador/participante en el caso del choro en Belo Horizonte. El contenido de Contrapulso 2/2, 8/2020 es el siguiente: Dossier Juan Carlos Ramírez. “‘An Evening with Salvador Allende’: del hito en suspensión a la suspensión del hito” (3-16). Candelaria Luque. “El grupo Sanampay: canción y resistencia en el exilio argentino en México (1976-1983)” (17-34).Josefina Lewin. “La apropiación de ‘Libre’, de Nino Bravo, durante el régimen de Pinochet: reconstruyendo la gestación de un mito” (35-49).Alejandro Gana. “El desafío de la inmediatez en la murga en Chile. Expresiones musicales satíricas en contextos de distanciamiento social” (50-64).Artículos libresNelson Rodríguez. “El ascenso del freestyle de competencia en Chile: las Batallas de gallos como forma renovada de consumo del hip-hop” (65-79).Humberto Junqueira. “Participar, observar, investigar: o método como percurso” (80-91).Reseñas David Spener. 2017. “No nos moverán”: biografía de una canción de lucha. Santiago: LOM ediciones, 179 pp. por Elia Romera-Figueroa (92-94).Paulo Gustavo da Encarnação. 2018. Rock cá, Rock lá: A produção roqueira no Brasil e em Portugal - 1970/1985. São Paulo: Intermeios, 284 pp. por Manoel R. Corrêa Martins (95-99).Jesús Cosamalón y José Carlos Rojas. 2020. ¡Qué cosa tan linda!” Una introducción al estudio de la salsa en el Perú, 174 pp. por Francisco Melgar (100-103).William Moylan. 2020. Recording Analysis. How the Record Shapes the Song. Nueva York: Routledge, 569 pp. por Luis Perez Valero (104-106).