scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE THERMAL VALUES OF BETULA TORTUOSA LEDEB. AND LARIX SIBIRICA LEDEB., GROWING IN THE ECOTONE OF THE ALPINE FOREST-TUNDRA OF THE KUZNETSK ALATAU

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
E.A. Tyutkova ◽  
◽  
S.R. Loskutov ◽  
I.A. Petrov ◽  
◽  
...  

The results of the study of the thermal structure of early and latewood in the annual rings formed in 1993-2002 in the trees of Arctic white birch (Betula tortuosa Ledeb) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb) grows in the alpine tundra ecotone of The Kuznetsky Alatau. An analysis of the correlation between thermodynamics and mean temperatures and precipitation showed that mainly the June-August weather conditions determine the component composition of early and late birch wood. Air temperature has a noticeable influence on the component composition during the synthesis of cell walls of early and latewood, precipitation - late. The component composition of the early and late foliage trachea was not as sensitive to changing weather conditions. The evaporation rate of the bound latewood water is only observed to be dependent on summer temperatures.

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006
Author(s):  
Katri Luostarinen ◽  
Henrik Heräjärvi

AbstractIn Siberian larch, shear strength (SS) is lower in sapwood (sW) than in mature heartwood (hW) despite the similarity of their cell structures. In sW, SS was not correlated with other properties, not even with density. The aim of the present study was to find the parameters affecting the SS in sW. The diameters of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) tracheid lumens [radial diameter (RD)], as well as their double wall thicknesses (2CWTs), were measured from different wood types. The 2CWT beside the resin canals was measured and rays were counted. The wall:lumen ratio of tracheids was calculated. None of the measured and calculated characteristics significantly correlated with SS in hW, while a high 2CWT and wall:lumen ratio of EW increased the SS and a large RD decreased the SS in sW. Tracheids of sW were larger and their walls were thicker than those of mature hW. The EW of sW sheared through tracheids, but practically never through rays, while in the EW of mature hW, both rays and tracheids could be sheared. It is suggested that change in viscoelastic properties, occurring in cell walls during the transformation from sW to hW, improves wood shear properties.


Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Batsaikhan Ganbaatar ◽  
Ochirrragchaa Nadaldorj ◽  
Batdorj Dovdondemberel ◽  
...  

Tellus B ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynhildur Bjarnadottir ◽  
Bjarni D. Sigurdsson ◽  
Anders Lindroth

Author(s):  
М.А. Чубинский ◽  
К.В. Чаузов

Несмотря на огромные запасы, древесина лиственницы до сего времени в незначительных объемах используется в строительной индустрии, других отраслях экономики, что связано как с технологическими сложностями ее переработки, так и недостаточной изученностью ее свойств. Одним из уникальных свойств древесины лиственницы сибирской (Larix sibirica) является ее повышенная естественная биостойкость, наряду с максимально высокой среди отечественных хвойных пород прочностью. Стойкость древесины лиственницы (Larix sibirica) к воздействию дереворазрушающих грибов Coniofora puteana значительно превышает стойкость сосны. В среднем потеря массы ядровой древесины лиственницы сибирской под воздействием дереворазрушающего гриба Coniophora puteana составляет 14,84%, снижаясь с увеличением возраста дерева, а контрольные образцы из ядровой древесины сосны в возрасте 90 лет имели потерю массы 57,8%. Возраст дерева является одним из наиболее значимых факторов, влияющих на степень биостойкости древесины. По мере его увеличения значительно повышается устойчивость деструктивному воздействию дереворазрушающих грибов Coniophora puteana. Положение образцов также влияет на степень биостойкости древесины, однако эта зависимость слабо выражена по сравнению с влиянием возраста и плотности древесины. Исследования кинетики разложения древесины лиственницы сибирской и роли экстрактивных веществ в развитии дереворазрушающих грибов позволяют утверждать наличие связи биостойкости и содержания в древесине экстрактивных веществ. Для изготовления клееного бруса из древесины лиственницы предложена клеевая композиция, включающая карбамидомеламиноформальдегидный клей и карбамидоформальдегидную смолу, модифицированную шунгитами. Ее применение позволяет получать клеевые соединения, не уступающие по прочности при скалывании массивной древесине, как по сухому образцу, так и после его вымачивания. Таким образом, клееный брус из древесины лиственницы сибирской характеризуется высокими показателями биостойкости, прочности и водостойкости. Despite vast reserves, larch wood so far in small volumes used in the construction industry and other sectors of the economy, which is connected as the technological difficulties of its treatment, as well as insufficient knowledge of its properties. One of the unique properties of the wood of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) is its increased natural biological stability (decay resistant), along with the highest among the domestic softwood strength. Resistance Larch (Larix sibirica) to the effects of wood-destroying fungi Coniofora puteana is much higher than pine. The average weight loss of Siberian larch heartwood exposed wood-destroying fungi Coniophora puteana is 14.84%, decreasing with increasing age of the tree, and control samples of heartwood pine at age 90 had a weight loss of 57.8%. Age of a tree is one of the most significant factors affecting the degree of biological stability of wood. With the increase it significantly increases the stability of the destructive effects of wood-destroying fungi and Coniophora puteana. The position of the sample in tree also affects the degree of biological stability of wood, but this dependence is poorly developed in comparison with the influence of age and wood density. Studies of the kinetics of decomposition of Siberian larch wood and the role of extractives in the development of wood-destroying fungi suggest a link, and the decay resistant of the content in the wood extractives. For the manufacture of larch glued laminated beam proposed adhesive composition comprising urea and melamine-formaldehyde glue and urea-formaldehyde resins, modified shungites. Its use allows to obtain the bonds are not inferior in strength at shearing solid wood as dry sample, and after soaking. Thus, glued laminated beam from Siberian larch wood is characterized by high decay resistant, strength and water resistance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Bayartsetseg Baasan ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kh. Mudarisova ◽  
L. A. Badykova ◽  
E. I. Koptyaeva ◽  
A. A. Fatykhov ◽  
Yu. B. Monakov

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
R. A. Konuspayev ◽  
◽  
T. Zh. Demesinov ◽  
T. A. Taipov ◽  
◽  
...  

The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the importance of diversification of production aimed to increase the competitiveness of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of economic development. The goal is to analyze the features of transformation of organizational and production structure of agricultural enterprise, which consists in supplementing it with new types of products, technologies, suppliers, etc. Objectives to show the importance of diversification processes to ensure sustainability of agricultural producers to negative changes in the external and internal environment. Results – it is noted that the priority areas of diversification in agro-industrial production include the organization of new branches of crop and livestock production, the inclusion of productive species, varieties or hybrids of crops in crop rotations, the development of processing sectors, the system of material and technical supply and marketing of products, etc. commodity diversity, reorientation of sales markets in agro-industrial complex is especially important in view of high risks of doing business associated with the high dependence of its results on weather conditions of the year, soil and natural-climatic factors, etc. The conducted analysis shows that the important conditions for deepening structural restructuring include developed agricultural policy of the State, a system of effective measures for regulating and supporting the industry, attracting investment in the development of agricultural sector and financial markets. The performed studies allowed us to draw the following main conclusions – diversification of production is a promising direction for the development of economic activity of enterprises, ensuring the growth of their proceeds from product sales, profits and profitability.


2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
А.S. Kishkentayeva ◽  
◽  
S.N. Mantler ◽  
М.М. Zhakanov ◽  
S.М. Adekenov ◽  
...  

The review summarizes data on biologically active compounds of Achillea nobilis L. and methods of their isolation. From Achillea nobilis L., collected in different places of growth, the following have been isolated: essential oil, the main components of which are monoterpene compounds; sesquiterpene lactones estafiatin, hanphyllin, anobin, chrysartemine A, canin, anolide and tanapartin-β-peroxide; the steroid acetyleucanbin; flavonoids: 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,3’-di-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone. It has been determined that the component composition of the essen-tial oil of Achillea nobilis L. largely depends on the soil and climatic factors in the places of its growth, the phase of the growing season and the method of its extraction from plant raw materials, and the extractant used (chloroform, ethanol, hot water, diethyl ether). Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic activi-ties are characteristic both for the sums of extractive substances from Achillea nobilis L. and for individual compounds isolated from them. Methods for the isolation of biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L. for the development of new drug substances are described. The main aim of this work was a com-parative analysis of the available research results on the phytochemical study of Achillea nobilis L.


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