KERAGAMAN DAN SUMBER GEN KETAHANAN  VARIETAS PADI LOKAL TERHADAP PATOGEN Pyricularia grisea PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BLAS

[DIVERSITY AND THE SOURCE OF RESISTANCE GENE OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES ON THE PATHOGENIC OF Pyricularia grisea CAUSE OF BLAST DISEASE]. Local rice varieties are known to have resistance or source of genes to pests even though their productivity yield is low. The pathogen of Pyricularia grisea is a cause of blast disease, which is one of the obstacles in rice production. The research aims to characterize the resistance of local rice varieties to the pathogen of P. grisea and to evaluate the virulence level of P. grisea pathogens against local rice varieties. A total of 100 local rice varieties and check varieties are susceptible and resistant namely Kencana Bali and Situ Patenggang tested their resistance to 4 dominant pathogenic of P. grisea i.e. races 033, 073, 133 and 173. Inoculation was carried out on stages 4-5 leaves or 18-21 days after seedling in a green house. The results showed a high genetic diversity of local rice varieties against pathogenic races 033, 073, 133 and 173. Based on the response of local rice varieties resistance i.e. moderately resistant (MR), resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to pathogenic races 033, 073 , 133 and 173 obtained 45 resistance response patterns. Cere Bereum varieties which are local rice varieties from West Java and Situ Patenggang resistant check varieties have a resistant response to 4 P. grisea pathogenic races used. A number of local rice varieties also show a resistant and moderately resistant response to the four pathogenic races used include Siam 11, Pare Siriendah, Menyan, Cere Manggu and Enud-Rawa Bogo. Local rice varieties Djedah and Padi Hitam (2) are local rice varieties that have a specific response of resistant or moderately resistant to race 173. Race 133 and 173 have higher virulence rates than those of races 033 and 073 on local rice varieties. The results of this study indicate that there is a great potential for the utilization of local rice varieties, as a source of resistance genes for blast disease for the assembly of rice varieties that are resistant to blast disease.

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Ciri Morfologi, Fisiko-Kimia dan Kerintangan Dua Titisan Padi Kemandulan Jantan Sitoplasma (CMS) Baru

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v70.3530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Elixon Sunian ◽

Mohd. Solihen Jamal ◽

Asfaliza Ramli ◽

Othman Omar ◽

Habibbudin Hashim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amylose Content ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Gel Consistency ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Maturation Age ◽

B Lines ◽

Selection Of

CMS (cytoplasmic male sterile) line is one of the most important hybrid parents in hybrid rice production technology using Three-Line systems. Test-crosses for selection of candidate local maintainer lines were conducted using 24 rice varieties and two CMS-WA (wild abortive) lines IR78374A/B and 1A/B. The F1 of the two combinations, namely IR78374A/P519 and 1A/MR243 had less than 10% spikelet fertility (6.4 and 7.2%, respectively), indicated that P519 and MR243 are partially maintainers and could be used for the development of new locally adapted CMS lines. As a results, two CMS lines, namely 0025A/B and 0047A/B were generated after 5 to 6 successive backcrossing of IR78374A with P519 and 1A with MR243. The CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B lines had maturation age which is comparable to other commonly grown inbred varieties. The percentage of stigma exertion rate for CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B were 17.9 and 21.3%, respectively, lower than that of IR78374A/B (43.2%). Both showed poor out-crossing rate. CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B are classified as long and slender grain. They had intermediate amylose content. Their gel consistency was hard, comparable to that of MR263 (medium). CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B lines were also moderately resistant to foliar blast disease and brown planthopper infestation.

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Molecular Detections and Resistance Response of Six Rice Varieties to Tungroviruses from South Sulawesi

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.47355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Saipul Abbas ◽

Sri Sulandari ◽

Sedyo Hartono ◽

Y. Andi Trisyono

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

The Philippines ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistance Response ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Infected Sample

The suspected rice virus is found in the field, namely the tungrovirus which is transmitted by green leafhoppers (Nephotettix virescens). The study aimed to detect the tungrovirus molecularly and examine the resistance response of six rice varieties from the transmission of tungrovirus samples from South Sulawesi on a greenhouse scale. Based on the results of molecular detection with RTSV PCR of the double infected sample with DNA bands 1115 bp and RTBV of around 430 bp, Sidrap, and Maros samples were infected by 430 bp size RTBV, while Wajo sample was not detected by both viruses. The results of RTBV sequence analysis showed that the grouping of Sidrap was still one group with Maros and Pinrang samples and different from the group of samples from Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines. While the grouping of RTSV shows that Pinrang samples are still one group with samples from Bali, Subang, and different from those of the Philippines, India, and Malaysia. The results of transmission in the greenhouse on six rice varieties (TN1, Ciherang, Mekongga, Tukad Unda, Inpari 36, Inpari 37) showed different plant resistance responses such as susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant reactions based on the amount of disease intensity caused. Varieties that are classified as susceptible are TN1 and Ciherang varieties, moderately resistant, namely Mekongga and Tukad Unda varieties, and resistant varieties namely Inpari 36 and Inpari 37 varieties.

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Reaction of Different Rice Lines Against Leaf and Neck Blast under Field Condition Of Chitwan Valley

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ◽

10.3126/jiaas.v27i0.693 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KD Puri ◽

SM Shrestha ◽

KD Joshi ◽

GB KC

Keyword(s):

Field Condition ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Resistant Variety ◽

Pyricularia Grisea ◽

Leaf Blast ◽

Neck Blast ◽

Chitwan Valley ◽

Moderately Resistant

The severity of the rice blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) of both leaf and neck varies with different environment and it becomes destructive under favorable condition. The leaf and neck blast resistance and susceptible interaction of 30 different tropical rice lines were evaluated under low-, mid- and up-land conditions of Chitwan district and classified on the basis of disease severity with respect to susceptible check, Masuli. Of them, 5, 10, 12 and 3 rice lines were resistant to leaf blast, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible susceptible, respectively. Similarly, for the neck blast nine lines were resistant, thirteen moderately resistant, seven moderately susceptible and one was susceptible. The progenies from Masuli/MT4 had the highest leaf and neck blast susceptible reaction, while the most of progenies from IPB (Irradiated Pusa Basmati), KalinghaIII_IR64, Radha 32_ KIII and Masuli_IR64 were resistant, and the most promising sources against leaf and neck blast resistance. Therefore, the progenies from these parents can be used in breeding the resistant variety. Key words: Pyricularia grisea, resistance, rice lines J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:37-44 (2006)

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Screening of rice genotypes for leaf blast resistance under field condition

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v3i2.32515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 276-286

Author(s):

Pratiksha Sharma ◽

Prem Bahadur Magar ◽

Suraj Baidya ◽

Ram Baran Yadaw

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Research Centre ◽

Leaf Blast ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Resistant Genotypes

Blast, caused by Pyriculariagrisea (Sacc.) is the most destructive disease of rice in Nepal. To identify the sources of leaf blast resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under natural epiphytotic condition at National Plant Pathology Research Centre (NPPRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during summer season in 2018 and 2019.A total of 128 rice genotypes in 2018 and 291during 2019 including resistant check (Sabitri) and susceptible check (Shankharika/Mansuli) were tested. Field experiment was conducted in single rod row design. Leaf blast disease assessment was done according to 0-9 scale. During 2018, 59 entries were highly resistant (Score 0), 34 resistant (Score 1), 26 moderately resistant (Score 2-3), 5 were moderately susceptible (Score 4-5), 4 susceptible (Score 6-7) and none of them were highly susceptible (Score 8-9) to leaf blast. Similarly, in 2019, 6 lines were highly resistant, 70 resistant, 196 moderately resistant, 15 lines were moderately susceptible, 4 susceptible and none of them were highly susceptible to the disease. Only, one genotype NR2179-82-2-4-1-1-1-1 (Score 1) was found resistant in both years. Similarly, genotype NR2182-22-1-3-1-1-1 (Score 2-3) was found moderately resistant. Some of the genotypes were found resistant in 2018 which become moderately resistant in 2019, they were NR2180-20-2-5-1-1-1-1, IR97135-8-3-1-3, IR98786-13-1-2-1, NR2181-139-1-3-1-1-1-1, and IR13F402. So, findings of these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes could be used in resistant source for the development of leaf blast resistant rice varieties through hybridization in future.

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Multi-genotype varieties reduce rice diseases through enhanced genetic diversity and show stability and adaptability in the field

Phytopathology Research ◽

10.1186/s42483-021-00105-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ping He ◽

Cong Wang ◽

Neng Zhang ◽

Bin Liu ◽

Yang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Production Systems ◽

Field Trials ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

The Relationship

AbstractRice is a crucial food crop worldwide. The genetic diversity in rice germplasm indicates its promising potential utilization in disease and pest control. To explore the relationship between genetic diversity and disease resistance in rice plants, multi-genotype rice varieties developed from multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population lines were used here to analyze the correlation between disease occurrence and genetic diversity, as well as for field monitoring of their disease occurrences and yields. We found that genetic diversity and disease resistance of the multi-genotype varieties tested in this study were superior to those of their component lines and mono-genotype varieties, and the incidence of rice blast disease decreased as the genetic diversity of multi-genotype rice varieties increased. We further conducted field trials using these multi-genotype varieties for three years in different rice-planting areas. The results showed that multi-genotype varieties exhibited good disease resistance and high-yielding potential. Thus, proper use of multi-genotype varieties characterized by rich genetic diversity is a promising approach to improve disease resistance of rice plants in agricultural production systems and is of great significance for ensuring food security and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

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Evaluation of neck blast resistance and agronomical performances on double haploid rice population in greenhouse and endemic field

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n090406 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 371-377

Author(s):

GUT WINDARSIH ◽

DWINITA WIKAN UTAMI

Keyword(s):

Double Haploid ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Neck Blast ◽

Susceptible Control ◽

Genotype Evaluation ◽

Dh Lines ◽

Differential Varieties

Windarsih G, Utami DW. 2017. Evaluation of neck blast resistance and agronomical performances on double haploid rice population in greenhouse and endemic field. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 371-377. Blast disease caused by fungal Pyricularia grisea Sacc. is one of the most destructive diseases of rice in the world. The development of blast-resistant rice varieties will be essential to control this disease. This research aimed (i) to compare the resistance response to neck-blast among DH lines from double cross IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti and the differential varieties against three selected Indonesian blast races in greenhouse, (ii) to identify the gene(s) that caused the resistance to neck-blast based on the association between the resistance response and the genotype evaluation using molecular markers linked to Pi1, Pi33, Pib, Pir4 and Pir7 genes, and (iii) to evaluate the resistance response to leaf and neck blast on DH lines in endemic field (Sukabumi) and the agronomical performance of selected DH lines in optimum field in Ciasem of Subang, West Java, Indonesia during December 2013 to March 2014. Eleven double haploid lines from double-crossing IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti, the differential varieties as resistant control and the US2 variety for susceptible control were observed for neck-blast resistance response to three blast races in greenhouse and endemic field (Sukabumi), while the agronomical performances were observed in field of Ciasem-Subang. The results based on the genotyping evaluation, leaf and neck blast resistance, either in greenhouse and endemic location, and the agronomical performance in field showed that 5 selected double haploid lines had leaf and neck blast resistance and good performance on field trial. Thus they are promising for use either for further testing forwarding into releasing variety or used as donor for further blast resistant breeding activities.

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Functional validation of the Pi54 gene by knocking down its expression in a blast-resistant rice line using RNA interference and its effects on other traits

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp18083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Kirti Arora ◽

Amit Kumar Rai ◽

Basavantraya N. Devanna ◽

Banita Kumari ◽

Tilak Raj Sharma

Keyword(s):

Rice Blast ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Blast Resistance ◽

Single Gene ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Functional Validation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Rice Line ◽

Rice Blast Resistance

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major diseases affecting the rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. A major blast resistance gene, Pi54, has already been cloned and deployed in different rice varieties. To understand the role of Pi54 in providing rice blast resistance, we used the RNA interferences (RNAi) approach to knock down the expression of this gene. We showed a high frequency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of rice line Taipei 309 containing a single gene (Pi54) for blast resistance. Pi54 RNAi leads to a decreased level of Pi54 transcripts, leading to the susceptibility of otherwise M. oryzae-resistant rice lines. However, among the RNAi knockdown plants, the severity of blast disease varied between the lines. Histochemical analysis of the leaves of knockdown plants inoculated with M. oryzae spores also showed typical cell death and blast lesions. Additionally, Pi54 RNAi also showed an effect on the Hda3 gene, a florigen gene playing a role in rice flowering. By using the RNAi technique, for the first time, we showed that the directed degradation of Pi54 transcripts results in a significant reduction in the rice blast resistance response, suggesting that RNAi is a powerful tool for functional validation of genes.

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Seleksi Galur Mutan Padi Fatmawati Tahan terhadap Penyakit Blas dan Evaluasi Karakter Agronomi di Rumah Kaca dan di Lahan Sawah

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v21n2.2015.p79-88 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Endang G. Lestari ◽

Iswari S. Dewi ◽

Rossa Yunita

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Plant Type ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Green House ◽

Blast Score ◽

Mutant Lines ◽

Moderately Resistant

Fatmawati, a rice variety released in 2003, is a new plant type (NPT) of rice that had different characteristic from existing high yielding rice varieties (HYV). The yield potential of this rice variety is 7.5 t/ha. Therefore its cultivated is expected to increase national rice production. However, the dissemination of this variety was hampered in several regions due to its susceptibility to blast disease and high percentage of empty grain caused by partially exserted and enclosed panicle. This research was conducted to evaluate 104 dihaploid mutant lines of Fatmawati for resistance to blast disease and good agronomic characters, especially for panicle exsertion rate. The first research was conducted in the endemic area of blast disease at Cikembar-Sukabumi, West Java. The blast disease resistance lines were then subsequently evaluated for their agronomic characters by planting in the green house and in the field. The results indicated that 40 dihaploid mutant lines were characterized as resistant and moderately resistant to blast (score 3&ndash;5). Agronomic characters evaluation in the green house and in the field resulted in 11 dihaploid mutant lines with well exerted panicle (0% of coverage of panicle by flagleaf sheath) and high grains per panicle (229&ndash;283 grains/panicle). Those lines were F99, F102, F116, F122, F130, F134, F138, F147, F149, F150, and F153. AbstrakFatmawati, varietas padi yang dilepas tahun 2003, adalah padi tipe baru (PTB) yang mempunyai karakteristik berbeda dari varietas padi unggul baru (VUB). Potensi hasil varietas padi ini adalah 7,5 t/ha. Penanaman varietas ini diharapkan akan meningkatkan produksi padi nasional. Namun, diseminasi varietas ini di beberapa tempat mengalami hambatan karena kerentanannya terhadap penyakit blas dan tingginya persentase gabah hampa akibat setengah tertutupnya atau tertutup semuanya malai oleh pelepah daun bendera. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi 104 galur mutan dihaploid turunan Fatmawati terhadap ketahanan blas dan karakter agronomi, khususnya laju keluarnya malai. Penelitian pertama dilakukan di daerah endemik penyakit blas di Cikembar- Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Galur-galur yang tahan blas kemudian dievaluasi karakter agronominya dengan menanam di rumah kaca dan lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 40 galur mutan dihaploid dikategorikan sebagai tahan dan agak tahan penyakit blas (skor 3&ndash;5). Evaluasi karakter agronomi di rumah kaca dan lapang menghasilkan 11 galur mutan dihaploid yang malainya sempurna keluar (0% penutupan malai oleh pelepah daun bendera) dan jumlah gabah/malai tinggi (229&ndash;283 gabah/malai). Galur mutan dihaploid tersebut adalah galur F99, F102, F116, F122, F130, F134, F138, F147, F149, F150, dan F153.

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