scholarly journals Screening of rice genotypes for leaf blast resistance under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Sharma ◽  
Prem Bahadur Magar ◽  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Ram Baran Yadaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Blast, caused by Pyriculariagrisea (Sacc.) is the most destructive disease of rice in Nepal. To identify the sources of leaf blast resistance in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted under natural epiphytotic condition at National Plant Pathology Research Centre (NPPRC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during summer season in 2018 and 2019.A total of 128 rice genotypes in 2018 and 291during 2019 including resistant check (Sabitri) and susceptible check (Shankharika/Mansuli) were tested. Field experiment was conducted in single rod row design. Leaf blast disease assessment was done according to 0-9 scale. During 2018, 59 entries were highly resistant (Score 0), 34 resistant (Score 1), 26 moderately resistant (Score 2-3), 5 were moderately susceptible (Score 4-5), 4 susceptible (Score 6-7) and none of them were highly susceptible (Score 8-9) to leaf blast. Similarly, in 2019, 6 lines were highly resistant, 70 resistant, 196 moderately resistant, 15 lines were moderately susceptible, 4 susceptible and none of them were highly susceptible to the disease. Only, one genotype NR2179-82-2-4-1-1-1-1 (Score 1) was found resistant in both years. Similarly, genotype NR2182-22-1-3-1-1-1 (Score 2-3) was found moderately resistant. Some of the genotypes were found resistant in 2018 which become moderately resistant in 2019, they were NR2180-20-2-5-1-1-1-1, IR97135-8-3-1-3, IR98786-13-1-2-1, NR2181-139-1-3-1-1-1-1, and IR13F402. So, findings of these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes could be used in resistant source for the development of leaf blast resistant rice varieties through hybridization in future.

scholarly journals Reaction of Different Rice Lines Against Leaf and Neck Blast under Field Condition Of Chitwan Valley

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Puri ◽  
SM Shrestha ◽  
KD Joshi ◽  
GB KC
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The severity of the rice blast disease (Pyricularia grisea) of both leaf and neck varies with different environment and it becomes destructive under favorable condition. The leaf and neck blast resistance and susceptible interaction of 30 different tropical rice lines were evaluated under low-, mid- and up-land conditions of Chitwan district and classified on the basis of disease severity with respect to susceptible check, Masuli. Of them, 5, 10, 12 and 3 rice lines were resistant to leaf blast, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible susceptible, respectively. Similarly, for the neck blast nine lines were resistant, thirteen moderately resistant, seven moderately susceptible and one was susceptible. The progenies from Masuli/MT4 had the highest leaf and neck blast susceptible reaction, while the most of progenies from IPB (Irradiated Pusa Basmati), KalinghaIII_IR64, Radha 32_ KIII and Masuli_IR64 were resistant, and the most promising sources against leaf and neck blast resistance. Therefore, the progenies from these parents can be used in breeding the resistant variety. Key words: Pyricularia grisea, resistance, rice lines J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:37-44 (2006)

scholarly journals Identification of Resistant Genotypes on Rice against Blast Disease under Field Condition at Rampur, Chitwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Tirtha Raj Rijal ◽  
Govinda Bahadur Hamal ◽  
Purushhotam Jha ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Screening Experiment ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Blast disease is considered as a major limiting factor in the global rice production because of its wide distribution and destructiveness and it has been causing significant yield loss in all rice growing areas of Nepal. Host resistance is the most desirable means of managing blast, especially in developing countries. Considering the importance of this disease field screening experiment was conducted to identify resistant rice genotypes against this disease. A total of 314 and 346 rice genotypes with resistant (Sabitri) and susceptible checks (Sankarika) were evaluated under epyphytotic conditions during 2016 and 2017 summer seasons at Rampur, respectively.  During 2016 disease severity varied from 1 to 9 and only five genotypes;   Sabitri, IR 12L 110, WAS122-IDSA14-WASB-FKRI, IR 10F 559and IR 10F 616 were resistant, 30 moderately resistant, 150 susceptible and 129 highly susceptible against blast disease. Similarly during 2016 out of 346 genotypes, 23 resistant as ARIZE SWIFT GOLD, IR95784-21-1-1-2, NR2169-10-4-1-1-1-1-1-2, NR2169-10-2-3-1-1-1-1-1, NR2181-165-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, NR2167-48-5-1-2-1-1, NR2171-2-1-1-3-1-1-2, NR2170-5-5-1-6-1-1-3-1, NR2170-31-1-1-5-1-1-1-1, NR2167-41-1-1-3-1, NR2172-34-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, Sabitri, IR82589-B-B-114-3, IR79913-B-238-3-3, IR93823-36, IR08L 152, IR82589-B-B-51-4, IR09F 434, IR55423-01,  IR94391-131-353-19-B-1-1-1-1-1, NR2154-8-1-1-1-1-1, NR 2124-43-3-1-1-1, NR2160-68-1-1-1-1-1., 72 moderately resistant, 191 susceptible and 155 were highly susceptible. Most of the highly susceptible genotypes were knocked down at the time of disease scoring.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 505-510

scholarly journals West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
INDRA DWIPA ◽  
AUZAR SYARIF ◽  
IRFAN SULIANSYAH ◽  
ETTI SWASTI
Keyword(s):  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Dwipa I, Syarif A, Suliansyah I, Swasti E. 2018. West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease. Biodiversitas 19: 893-898. Brown rice is a highly nutritious rice widely consumed as the carbohydrate substitute of common rice. Brown rice resistance to biotic stress is one of indicators of a superior variety. Our study aimed to analyze the response of several brown rice genotypes from West Sumatra to brown planthopper attack and blast disease. This study comprised two experiments, the resistance assay to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and the resistance assay to blast fungi Pyricularia oryzae. The resistance assay to brown planthopper was done using randomized block design experiment with three replicates. Eighteen brown rice genotypes (15 brown rice, 2 black rice, and 1 control genotype) were tested in the assay. From 17 brown and black rice tested, 7 genotypes were resistant and 2 were moderately resistant. For blast resistance analysis, fifteen rice genotypes (13 brown rice and 2 black rice) were used. There was only 1 genotype highly resistant and 3 moderately resistant to blast disease among those 15 brown and black rice.

scholarly journals Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Sunder Man Shrestha ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.

Ciri Morfologi, Fisiko-Kimia dan Kerintangan Dua Titisan Padi Kemandulan Jantan Sitoplasma (CMS) Baru

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elixon Sunian ◽  
Mohd. Solihen Jamal ◽  
Asfaliza Ramli ◽  
Othman Omar ◽  
Habibbudin Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Maturation Age ◽  
B Lines ◽  
Selection Of

CMS (cytoplasmic male sterile) line is one of the most important hybrid parents in hybrid rice production technology using Three-Line systems. Test-crosses for selection of candidate local maintainer lines were conducted using 24 rice varieties and two CMS-WA (wild abortive) lines IR78374A/B and 1A/B. The F1 of the two combinations, namely IR78374A/P519 and 1A/MR243 had less than 10% spikelet fertility (6.4 and 7.2%, respectively), indicated that P519 and MR243 are partially maintainers and could be used for the development of new locally adapted CMS lines. As a results, two CMS lines, namely 0025A/B and 0047A/B were generated after 5 to 6 successive backcrossing of IR78374A with P519 and 1A with MR243. The CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B lines had maturation age which is comparable to other commonly grown inbred varieties. The percentage of stigma exertion rate for CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B were 17.9 and 21.3%, respectively, lower than that of IR78374A/B (43.2%). Both showed poor out-crossing rate. CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B are classified as long and slender grain. They had intermediate amylose content. Their gel consistency was hard, comparable to that of MR263 (medium).  CMS 0025A/B and 0047A/B lines were also moderately resistant to foliar blast disease and brown planthopper infestation.

scholarly journals Exploring the Distribution of Blast Resistance Alleles at the Pi2/9 Locus in Major Rice-Producing Areas of China by a Novel Indel Marker

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1932-1938
Author(s):  
Dagang Tian ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Ziqiang Chen ◽  
Zaijie Chen ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Indel Marker ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The World

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae damages cereal crops and poses a high risk to rice production around the world. Currently, planting cultivars with resistance (R) genes is still the most environment-friendly approach to control this disease. Effective identification of R genes existing in diverse rice cultivars is important for understanding the distribution of R genes and predicting their contribution to resistance against blast isolates in regional breeding. Here, we developed a new insertion/deletion (InDel) marker, Pigm/2/9InDel, that can differentiate the cloned R genes (Pigm, Pi9, and Pi2/Piz-t) at the Pi2/9 locus. Pigm/2/9InDel combined with the marker Pi2-LRR for Pi2 was applied to determine the distribution of these four R genes among 905 rice varieties, most of which were collected from the major rice-producing regions in China. In brief, nine Pigm-containing varieties from Fujian and Guangdong provinces were identified. All of the 62 Pi2-containing varieties were collected from Guangdong, and 60 varieties containing Piz-t were from seven provinces. However, Pi9 was not found in any of the Chinese varieties. The newly identified varieties carrying the Pi2/9 alleles were further subjected to inoculation tests with regional blast isolates and field trials. Our results indicate that Pigm and Pi2 alleles have been introgressed for blast resistance breeding mainly in the Fujian and Guangdong region, and Pi9 is a valuable blast resistance resource to be introduced into China.

Resistance levels of selected rice genotypes to Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. infestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
S.K. Ajao ◽  
K.O. Popoola ◽  
S Mande ◽  
A Togola
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The need to screen new rice genotypes for resistance to stored product insect pests is important to boost production and availability of rice for food security. Therefore, thirteen rice genotypes and varieties included ten interspecific rice genotypes from two crossed parents Oryza sativa (WAB 56-104) and Oryza barthii (IRGC 106107), the two parents and NERICA8 variety were collected from Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, to examine their resistance level to infestation by Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. The resistance of the varieties were assessed by artificial infestation with 12 unsexed adults each in 10 g of the rice varieties in four replicates under laboratory conditions of 26 ± 2oC temperature and 75 ± 5% relative humidity in a completely randomized design. Number of adult insect emergent, per cent grain damage, percent weight loss of infested samples and index of susceptibility were determined. Correlation analysis between nutritional contents of the varieties and infestation variables were also obtained. Results indicate differential responses of the two insects on the rice genotypes/varieties. The O. barthii parent was resistant, while the O. sativa parent was moderately resistant using the susceptibility index. Of the ten rice genotypes, G4, G3, G1, G7, G2, G10 and G9 were resistant in descending order, while G5 and G6 were moderately resistant, whereas only G8 was susceptible. NERICA8 was also found to be susceptible to infestation. In addition, the resistant grains had lower ash content. Modification in genetic variations and nutritional contents of new rice varieties may be a critical factor in insect resistant genotype pro-grammes to reduce post-harvest losses incurred by farmers. Keywords: Rice resistant genotypes; Rhyzopertha dominica; Oryzae sativa; Oryzae barthii; Sitophilus oryzae; susceptibility index

scholarly journals Rice Blast Disease in India: Present Status and Future Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Chikkaballi Annegowda ◽  
Mothukapalli Krishnareddy Prasannakumar ◽  
Hirehally Basavarajegowda Mahesh ◽  
Chethana Bangera Siddabasappa ◽  
Pramesh Devanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Blast Resistance Genes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the majority of Indians, and India is both the major producer and consumer of rice. Rice cultivation in India is confronted with diverse agro-climatic conditions, varying soil types, and several biotic and abiotic constraints. Among major fungal diseases of Rice in India, the blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease, with the neck blast being the most destructive form. Most of the blast epidemic areas in India have been identified with a mixture of races blast fungus resulting in the resistance breakdown in a short period. At present, a more significant number of the rice varieties cultivated in India were bred by conventional breeding methods with blast resistance conferred by a single resistance gene. Therefore, the blast disease in India is predominantly addressed by the use of ecologically toxic fungicides. In line with the rest of the world, the Indian scientific community has proven its role by identifying several blast resistance genes and successfully pyramiding multiple blast resistance genes. Despite the wealth of information on resistance genes and the availability of biotechnology tools, not a great number of rice varieties in India harbor multiple resistance genes. In the recent past, a shift in the management of blast disease in India has been witnessed with a greater focus on basic research and modern breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcross breeding, and gene pyramiding.

scholarly journals Genomic insight into balancing high yield, good quality, and blast resistance of japonica rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xiao ◽  
Cunhong Pan ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Yunyu Wu ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Central China ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genomic Landscape

Abstract Background Balancing the yield, quality and resistance to disease is a daunting challenge in crop breeding due to the negative relationship among these traits. Large-scale genomic landscape analysis of germplasm resources is considered to be an efficient approach to dissect the genetic basis of the complex traits. Central China is one of the main regions where the japonica rice is produced. However, dozens of high-yield rice varieties in this region still exist with low quality or susceptibility to blast disease, severely limiting their application in rice production. Results Here, we re-sequence 200 japonica rice varieties grown in central China over the past 30 years and analyze the genetic structure of these cultivars using 2.4 million polymorphic SNP markers. Genome-wide association mapping and selection scans indicate that strong selection for high-yield and taste quality associated with low-amylose content may have led to the loss of resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. By extensive bioinformatic analyses of yield components, resistance to rice blast, and taste quality, we identify several superior alleles for these traits in the population. Based on this information, we successfully introduce excellent taste quality and blast-resistant alleles into the background of two high-yield cultivars and develop two elite lines, XY99 and JXY1, with excellent taste, high yield, and broad-spectrum of blast resistance. Conclusions This is the first large-scale genomic landscape analysis of japonica rice varieties grown in central China and we demonstrate a balancing of multiple agronomic traits by genomic-based strategy.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN DAN SUMBER GEN KETAHANAN VARIETAS PADI LOKAL TERHADAP PATOGEN Pyricularia grisea PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BLAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Santoso Santoso ◽  
Anggiani Nasution ◽  
Nani Yunani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Pathogenic Races ◽  
Moderately Resistant

[DIVERSITY AND THE SOURCE OF RESISTANCE GENE OF LOCAL RICE VARIETIES ON THE PATHOGENIC OF Pyricularia grisea CAUSE OF BLAST DISEASE]. Local rice varieties are known to have resistance or source of genes to  pests even though their productivity yield is low. The pathogen of Pyricularia grisea is a cause of blast disease, which is one of the obstacles in rice production. The research aims to characterize the resistance of local rice varieties to the  pathogen of P. grisea and to evaluate the virulence level of P. grisea pathogens against local rice varieties. A total of 100 local rice varieties and check varieties are susceptible and resistant namely Kencana Bali and Situ Patenggang tested their resistance to 4 dominant pathogenic of P. grisea i.e. races 033, 073, 133 and 173. Inoculation was carried out on stages 4-5 leaves or 18-21 days after seedling in a green house. The results showed a high genetic diversity of local rice varieties against pathogenic races 033, 073, 133 and 173. Based on the response of local rice varieties resistance i.e. moderately resistant (MR), resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to pathogenic races 033, 073 , 133 and 173 obtained 45 resistance response patterns. Cere Bereum varieties which are local rice varieties from West Java and Situ Patenggang resistant check varieties have a resistant response to 4 P. grisea pathogenic races used. A number of local rice varieties also show a resistant and moderately resistant response to the four pathogenic races used include Siam 11, Pare Siriendah, Menyan, Cere Manggu and Enud-Rawa Bogo. Local rice varieties Djedah and Padi Hitam (2) are local rice varieties that have a specific response of resistant or moderately resistant to race 173.  Race 133 and 173 have higher virulence rates than those of races 033 and 073 on local rice varieties. The results of this study indicate that there is a great potential for the utilization of local rice varieties, as a source of resistance genes for blast disease for the assembly of rice varieties that are resistant to blast disease.   

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