scholarly journals On ideas of evolution and the evolution of ideas: communicating traditions of scientific enquiry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Winder ◽  
Isabelle Winder ◽  
Bruce Jefferson ◽  
Paul Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Punctuated Equilibria ◽  
Thomas Henry Huxley ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

That there was variation in the theories expounded by the major early thinkers on evolution is well established. What is less effectively articulated is how their intellectual ambitions and approaches to interpreting evidence reflect a deep-rooted difference in their views on what sort of systems, and problems evolution deals with; insights which speak directly to contemporary debates about how we communicate the nature of science with consequences for learning practice. We provide a re-reading of the perspectives adopted by those who formulated the central concepts of evolutionary theory to expose slender but persistent differences of emphasis. Our analysis contrasts the approaches to enquiry of three voyaging naturalists; Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, and Alfred Russel Wallace. This potted history is used to illustrate the relationship between different traditions of scientific enquiry, specifically the natural philosophy approach characteristic of Wallace’s work and the later Neo-Darwinists; Huxley’s more empirical, natural history approach that anticipated punctuated equilibria, and Darwin’s emphasis on agency and choice, which suggests a more humanistic mind-set. These understandings are used to propose a model of the structure of evolutionary science which has broader value as a motif for exploring and communicating the transitions between different modes of enquiry.

scholarly journals Evolutionary antagonisms and the progress of three categories of traits

BJHS Themes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Nasser Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Thomas Henry Huxley ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descent Of Man ◽  
Ethical Systems

Abstract Darwin in The Descent of Man deliberates over the question of progress in relation to three categories of traits – aesthetic, moral and intellectual – attending to their interplay. The later formulations of Thomas Henry Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace shift and reframe the terms for weighing together progress and the relationship across these traits, downplaying the role of aesthetic assessments. Huxley and Wallace invoke ‘antagonisms’ countering, respectively, ‘ethical progress’ and ‘cosmic process’, ‘humanity – the essentially human emotion’ and ‘physical and even intellectual race-improvement’. Thereafter, evolutionary antagonisms reappear – whether to endorse, dismiss or overcome them – and they remain relevant in evolutionary arguments, whether made explicit or left implicit. Following a thread of ongoing appeals to this interplay of traits and corresponding antagonisms invoking Huxley's 1893 lecture ‘Evolution and ethics’, implicit differences appear in the treatment of aesthetic, moral and intellectual development. These treatments maintain the progress that their own ethical systems represented, even while granting moral variation and conceding independent/alternative notions of the beautiful. They generally took as granted the uniformity of intellectual judgements, where evolutionary progress was both ethical and intellectual/scientific, even when speculating on the development of different types of mind. As characteristic of future-oriented visions of progress by the first decades of the twentieth century, sexual selection was subsumed under natural selection.

1. The early milestones

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha Divan ◽  
Janice A. Royds
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Francis Crick ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Double Helix Structure ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
Molecular Nature

Molecular biology is the story of the molecules of life, their relationships, and how these interactions are controlled. ‘Early milestones’ first explores two key ideas in the early history of molecular biology that provided inspiration at the start of the hunt for the molecular nature of the transmissible factors that provide continuity of life: evolution by natural selection as proposed by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace; and Gregor Mendel’s work on heritable factors. The evolution of ideas and the development of techniques that led to the key finding of the double helix structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 are also described.

Ruse and the Darwinian Paradigm

Dialogue ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Hannah Gay
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Plate Tectonic ◽  
Punctuated Equilibria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Sociobiology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Darwinian Paradigm

This collection of essays, written over the past fifteen years by one of the more intrepid defenders of current Darwinian theory, contains material that will be of interest both to historians and philosophers of science and, since Ruse writes well and in an accessible manner, to an even wider audience. A preliminary glance at the contents primes one to expect to be both engaged and provoked; one is not disappointed. The essays include historical speculation on some of the views of Charles Darwin, a defence of human sociobiology and discussion of its feminist critique, punctuated equilibria theory, teleology in biology, extraterrestrial biology and moral theory, the plate tectonic revolution in geology, and the relationship between evolutionary theory and Christian ethics.

WHY ECONOMICS IS AN EVOLUTIONARY, MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE: HOW COULD VEBLEN’S VIEW OF ECONOMICS HAVE BEEN SO DIFFERENT THAN PEIRCE’S?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
James R. Wible
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Quarterly Journal ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Mathematical Science ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Thorstein Veblen ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
Mechanistic View

More than a century ago, one of the most famous essays ever written in American economics appeared in the Quarterly Journal of Economics: “Why is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science?” There, Thorstein Veblen claimed that economics was too dominated by a mechanistic view to address the problems of economic life. Since the world and the economy had come to be viewed from an evolutionary perspective after Charles Darwin, it was rather straightforward to argue that the increasingly abstract mathematical character of economics was non-evolutionary. However, Veblen had studied with a first-rate intellect, Charles Sanders Peirce, attending his elementary logic class. If Peirce had written about the future of economics in 1898, it would have been very different than Veblen’s essay. Peirce could have written that economics should become an evolutionary mathematical science and that much of classical and neoclassical economics could be interpreted from an evolutionary perspective.

A “crescendo” model: designing food experiences for psychological well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Zarantonello ◽  
Silvia Grappi ◽  
Marcello Formisano ◽  
Bernd H. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Life Satisfaction ◽  
Consumer Experiences ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to advance the design-thinking approach in food from an engineering mind-set toward a positive psychology perspective by investigating how consumer experiences evoked by food-related activities can facilitate, stimulate and enhance individuals’ happiness and perceptions of life satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach A diary field experiment was conducted. Participants from a major European city were asked to reflect on their food-related activities, provide descriptions and answer questions on experiential stimulation derived from these activities in relation to happiness and perceived life satisfaction. Findings Food-related activities generally result in positive consumer experiences and psychological well-being. Experiential stimulation resulting from food activities is positively related to perceived life satisfaction directly and indirectly via pleasure and meaning. Although the authors found an overall positive relationship between these constructs, they also found differences based on the experience type considered. A “crescendo model” of experiences that details how experiences lead to happiness and perceived life satisfaction is presented. Research limitations/implications This study is largely exploratory. Future research should adopt an experimental approach and further test the relationship between experiential stimulation, happiness and perceived life satisfaction in the context of food. Practical implications The paper offers innovation teams in food companies a practical “crescendo model” that can be used to design product–consumer interactions. Originality/value The research bridges literatures on design thinking, psychological well-being and consumer experiences. By studying the relationship between experiences, happiness and perceived life satisfaction in the context of food, the findings contribute to research on food well-being by expanding the notion of happiness seen only as pleasure. The research also contributes to work on design thinking by offering an experiential framework that contributes to the notion of consumer empathy.

scholarly journals A proposal for Revaluation: Points of Contact and Sides of Likeness between William Blake and Walt Whitman

Hawliyat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Ryan J Davidson
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Book History ◽  
Walt Whitman ◽  
William Blake ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Publication History ◽  
19Th Century American Literature ◽  
History Approach ◽  
The Relationship

This article proposes an approach to evaluating the relationship between William Blake and Walt Whitman. I begin by grounding my proposal in a critical framework. It is framed by a book history approach, but also an approach to 19th century American literature as a post-colonial literature. In regards to the book history element I trace an outline of Blake’s publication history and the poems of Blake’s that Whitman might have encountered. I then provide examples of the similarities between Blake and Whitman. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implications it may have on ideas of literary influence. This is the beginning of a much larger project wherein I trace the actual influences which created the similarities that I outline here.

scholarly journals Images of Power in the Societies of Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Symbols and Ritual Practices of the East and West

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Evgueny Alexandrovich Chiglintsev ◽  
Natalya Yurievna Bikeyeva ◽  
Maxim Vadimovich Griger ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Vostrikov ◽  
Farit Nafisovich Ahmadiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
East And West ◽  
Political Mythology ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
The Middle Ages

This collective article is dedicated to the images of power in the ancient and medieval societies, their forming, functions and the ways of representation. Authors found the universal components of the images of power in the different pre-industrial societies of the East and Vest, such as procedures of obtaining power, coronation and anointment, ruler’s regalia and the forms of organizing space of power. The authors investigate the relationship between the secular and the sacred elements in the political mythology of power. This paper deals with the evolution of images of power, rituals and symbols of authority from Ancient Eastern to Medieval societies. The purpose of the article is to present the universal components of the images of power in Ancient and Medieval times. The identification of common and specific features in the representation of power and ritual practices will allow us to see the evolution of ideas about power in pre-industrial societies.

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913): evolution and medicine

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
Henry P O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Linnean Society ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolution And Medicine

The theory we now know simply as ‘evolution’ was first presented to the scientific world one and a half centuries ago, on 1 July 1858, when the work of two men, Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Robert Darwin (1809–82), was jointly read at the Linnean Society. While Charles Darwin has rightly taken his place in history as one of the greatest scientists of all time, Alfred Russel Wallace has been largely forgotten outside of the scientific community. However, Wallace was a prolific researcher and writer with interests in a wide range of topics, from medicine to economics.

Correlation of Chronotype (Lark Versus Night Owl Status) with Mind-Set and Effect of Chronotype on Examination Performance in Veterinary School

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210033
Author(s):  
Margaret V. Root Kustritz ◽  
Hannah J. Bakke ◽  
Aaron Rendahl
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Personal Management ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Relationship

Chronotype describes what time of day people are most productive, with the specific terminology of larks (productive early in the day) and night owls (productive late in the day). Society, including education, schedules work at times that generally favor larks. The goals of this study were to (a) define our student population regarding mind-set and chronotype, (b) examine the relationship between chronotype and mind-set score, and (c) examine the relationship between lark score and examination score with examinations offered at varying times of day. The null hypotheses were that there would be no relationships between these variables. If the hypotheses were not proven, this information would be used to educate students about personal management to optimize academic success and to help the college determine if scheduling or other variations in examination implementation could be altered to permit students to demonstrate best their knowledge and skills. There were 184 participants from the classes of 2020–2022. Overall, there were few definite night owls or larks, with 55% of participants categorized as neither. Overall, 78% of students had either a strong growth mind-set or a growth mind-set with some fixed ideas. No meaningful association between chronotype and mind-set score was observed. There was neither a significant main effect for chronotype nor a significant interaction with start time for examinations. Scheduling of examinations in the early morning did not negatively impact student performance based on chronotype in this study.

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