Correlation of Chronotype (Lark Versus Night Owl Status) with Mind-Set and Effect of Chronotype on Examination Performance in Veterinary School

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210033
Author(s):  
Margaret V. Root Kustritz ◽  
Hannah J. Bakke ◽  
Aaron Rendahl
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Personal Management ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Relationship

Chronotype describes what time of day people are most productive, with the specific terminology of larks (productive early in the day) and night owls (productive late in the day). Society, including education, schedules work at times that generally favor larks. The goals of this study were to (a) define our student population regarding mind-set and chronotype, (b) examine the relationship between chronotype and mind-set score, and (c) examine the relationship between lark score and examination score with examinations offered at varying times of day. The null hypotheses were that there would be no relationships between these variables. If the hypotheses were not proven, this information would be used to educate students about personal management to optimize academic success and to help the college determine if scheduling or other variations in examination implementation could be altered to permit students to demonstrate best their knowledge and skills. There were 184 participants from the classes of 2020–2022. Overall, there were few definite night owls or larks, with 55% of participants categorized as neither. Overall, 78% of students had either a strong growth mind-set or a growth mind-set with some fixed ideas. No meaningful association between chronotype and mind-set score was observed. There was neither a significant main effect for chronotype nor a significant interaction with start time for examinations. Scheduling of examinations in the early morning did not negatively impact student performance based on chronotype in this study.

Real-world effects of late window neurothrombectomy: procedure rates increase without night-time bias

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Marie Williams ◽  
Thabele Leslie-Mazwi ◽  
Joshua A Hirsch ◽  
Carol Kittel ◽  
Alejandro Spiotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Adequate Coverage

IntroductionWith the expansion of the interventional time window for stroke from emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), the rate of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is expected to rise, potentially causing higher burnout rates and requiring hospitals to develop strategies for adequate coverage of these procedures.MethodsNeurointerventional physicians at 10 participating stroke centers prospectively recorded time requirements for all MT consultations over 30 consecutive 24-hour call periods, including both false positive consultations and MT procedures, during mid to late 2018. Consult start time, procedure start and end time, and data regarding commute to the hospital and delay in scheduled procedures were collected and compared with those from an identical prospective study performed in 2017.ResultsData were collected from a total of 300 days of call. A total of 166 procedures were performed (mean 0.55 per day), an increase from 0.32 per day in 2017. Overall mean MT direct time burden during each 24-hour call was 124 min (compared with 85 min in 2017). The percentage of consultations for thrombectomy varied based on time of day, with 87% of consults between the hours of midnight and 04:00 proceeding to thrombectomy compared with 37% between the hours of 16:00 and 20:00.ConclusionsMT procedural volumes have increased from one every 5 days in 2016 to one every 2 days in 2018. The highest percentage of consults leading to thrombectomy occur in the early morning hours after midnight. Compared with similar data from 2016 and 2017, call demands continue to escalate, representing a significant demand on neurointerventional teams.

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Latitudinal Variation in Nest Orientation Among Ground-Nesting Passerines: A Study Using Published Data

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall H.K. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
European Species ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Nest Microclimate ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ground Nesting

Abstract The relationship between nest entrance orientation and latitude among ground-nesting passerines was reviewed using published information. Data were collated for seven North American and European species. Pooling within-species comparisons, there was a clear trend from a preference for north-facing nests at lower latitudes to eastward- or southward-facing nests farther north. Orientations differed significantly in eight of 12 cases for which statistical comparison was possible, means differing in the expected direction in six of these cases. These results highlight how the influence of solar radiation on nest microclimate typically delineates preferred nest orientation in these species, i.e., at lower latitudes, the need for shade results in a preference for northward orientations; at mid latitudes, eastward orientations predominate, reflecting a probable balance between the benefits of warmth in the early morning and shade in the afternoon; while at high latitudes, nests may be oriented southward to gain warmth throughout the day.

scholarly journals Influence of chronotype on daily mood fluctuations: pilot study in patients with depression

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin F. Brückmann ◽  
Jürgen Hennig ◽  
Matthias J. Müller ◽  
Stanislava Fockenberg ◽  
Anne-Marthe Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patient Subgroup ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Depression risk is associated with a late chronotype pattern often described as an ‘evening chronotype’. Fluctuations in mood over consecutive days have not yet been measured according to chronotype in in-patients with depression. A total of 30 in-patients with depression and 32 healthy controls matched for gender and age completed a chronotype questionnaire and twice-daily ratings on mood for 10 consecutive days (registered in the German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00010215). The in-patients had Saturdays and Sundays as hospital-leave days. The relationship between chronotype and daily mood was mediated by the weekday–weekend schedule with higher levels of negative affect in the evening-chronotype patient subgroup at weekends. Results are discussed with respect to a probably advantageous standardised clinical setting with early morning routines, especially for patients with evening chronotypes.

Thermoregulatory responses to cold water at different times of day

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
James E. Kain ◽  
Michael N. Sawka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
The Mean

This study examined how time of day affects thermoregulation during cold-water immersion (CWI). It was hypothesized that the shivering and vasoconstrictor responses to CWI would differ at 0700 vs. 1500 because of lower initial core temperatures (Tcore) at 0700. Nine men were immersed (20°C, 2 h) at 0700 and 1500 on 2 days. No differences ( P > 0.05) between times were observed for metabolic heat production (M˙, 150 W ⋅ m−2), heat flow (250 W ⋅ m−2), mean skin temperature (T sk, 21°C), and the mean body temperature-change in M˙(ΔM˙) relationship. Rectal temperature (Tre) was higher ( P < 0.05) before (Δ = 0.4°C) and throughout CWI during 1500. The change in Tre was greater ( P < 0.05) at 1500 (−1.4°C) vs. 0700 (−1.2°C), likely because of the higher Tre-T skgradient (0.3°C) at 1500. These data indicate that shivering and vasoconstriction are not affected by time of day. These observations raise the possibility that CWI may increase the risk of hypothermia in the early morning because of a lower initial Tcore.

scholarly journals Predicting Student Performance Using Data Mining and Learning Analytics Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Abdallah Namoun ◽  
Abdullah Alshanqiti
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Learning And Teaching

The prediction of student academic performance has drawn considerable attention in education. However, although the learning outcomes are believed to improve learning and teaching, prognosticating the attainment of student outcomes remains underexplored. A decade of research work conducted between 2010 and November 2020 was surveyed to present a fundamental understanding of the intelligent techniques used for the prediction of student performance, where academic success is strictly measured using student learning outcomes. The electronic bibliographic databases searched include ACM, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, and Web of Science. Eventually, we synthesized and analyzed a total of 62 relevant papers with a focus on three perspectives, (1) the forms in which the learning outcomes are predicted, (2) the predictive analytics models developed to forecast student learning, and (3) the dominant factors impacting student outcomes. The best practices for conducting systematic literature reviews, e.g., PICO and PRISMA, were applied to synthesize and report the main results. The attainment of learning outcomes was measured mainly as performance class standings (i.e., ranks) and achievement scores (i.e., grades). Regression and supervised machine learning models were frequently employed to classify student performance. Finally, student online learning activities, term assessment grades, and student academic emotions were the most evident predictors of learning outcomes. We conclude the survey by highlighting some major research challenges and suggesting a summary of significant recommendations to motivate future works in this field.

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