scholarly journals Readiness to Disclose Pediatric HIV Status to Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Finnegan ◽  
Lisa Langhaug ◽  
Katie Schenk ◽  
Eve Puffer ◽  
Simbarashe Rusakaniko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Full Disclosure ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pediatric HIV disclosure in rural Zimbabwe and track the process of disclosure over time.MethodsWe recruited a population-based sample of 372 caregivers of HIV-positive children ages 9 to 15 to participate in a survey about disclosure. Using data from this cross-sectional sample, we then identified a prospective cohort of 123 caregivers who said their HIV-positive child did not know his or her HIV status, and we followed this non-disclosed cohort of caregivers through two additional waves of data collection over the next 12 months. At each wave, we inquired about the timing and process of disclosure and psychosocial factors related to HIV disclosure.ResultsThe overall prevalence of disclosure in the cross-sectional sample was 66.9% (95% CI 62.0 to 71.5%). Only 26.9% of children knew how they were infected and that they can transmit the virus to others (i.e. “full disclosure”). Older children were more likely to know their status. Among the non-disclosed caregivers at baseline, nearly 60% of these children learned their HIV status over the course of the 12-month study period, but only 17.1% learned how they were infected and that they can transmit the virus to others. Most caregivers were satisfied with their child’s disclosure experience. Caregivers who had not disclosed their child’s HIV status to the child worried that disclosure would lead to stigma in the community, provoke questions from their child they would not be able to answer, or cause the child to reject the caregiver in anger.ConclusionsThis study suggests that rates of pediatric HIV disclosure may be larger than typically reported, but also reinforces the idea that most children do not know key details about their illness, such as how they were infected and that they can infect others.

scholarly journals Sankofa Pediatric HIV Disclosure Intervention Did Not Worsen Depression Scores in Children Living with HIV and their Caregivers in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Radcliffe ◽  
Aba Sam ◽  
Quinn Matos ◽  
Sampson Antwi ◽  
Kofi Amissah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disclosure Status ◽  
Child Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: The ‘Sankofa’ pediatric HIV disclosure study (2013-2017) was an intervention that aimed to address the low prevalence of disclosure of HIV status in Ghana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the intervention site in Kumasi, Ghana, in 2019, (2 years after study closure) and administered the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the 10-item Child Depression Inventory (CDI) to caregiver-child dyads who received the intervention. Results: We enrolled 65% (N=157) of the original dyads in the present study. Between Sankofa enrollment baseline and the present study, both children and caregivers had significant (p <0.0001) mean reductions in CDI scores and BDI scores, respectively. CDI scores of the children were significantly correlated with BDI scores of the caregivers (r = 0.019, p = 0.019). No statistically significant associations between disclosure status and either CDI score or BDI score were found. Conclusions: Our findings did not support caregivers’ fears that disclosure leads to depression. Trial Registration: NCT01701635 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier)

scholarly journals Sankofa Pediatric HIV Disclosure Intervention Did Not Worsen Depression Scores in Children Living with HIV and their Caregivers in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Radcliffe ◽  
Aba Sam ◽  
Quinn Matos ◽  
Sampson Antwi ◽  
Kofi Amissah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disclosure Status ◽  
Child Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract BackgroundThe ‘Sankofa’ pediatric HIV disclosure study (2013–2017) was an intervention that aimed to address the low prevalence of disclosure of HIV status in Ghana.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at the intervention site in Kumasi, Ghana, in 2019, (2 years after study closure) and administered the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the 10-item Child Depression Inventory (CDI) to caregiver-child dyads who received the intervention.ResultsWe enrolled 65% (N = 157) of the original dyads in the present study. Between Sankofa enrollment baseline and the present study, both children and caregivers had significant (p < 0.0001) mean reductions in CDI scores and BDI scores, respectively. CDI scores of the children were significantly correlated with BDI scores of the caregivers (r = 0.019, p = 0.019). No statistically significant associations between disclosure status and either CDI score or BDI score were found.ConclusionsOur findings did not support caregivers’ fears that disclosure leads to depression.Trial Registration: NCT01701635 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier)

scholarly journals Sankofa pediatric HIV disclosure intervention did not worsen depression scores in children living with HIV and their caregivers in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Radcliffe ◽  
◽  
Aba Sam ◽  
Quinn Matos ◽  
Sampson Antwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disclosure Status ◽  
Child Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The ‘Sankofa’ pediatric HIV disclosure study (2013–2017) was an intervention that aimed to address the low prevalence of disclosure of HIV status in Ghana. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at the intervention site in Kumasi, Ghana, in 2019, (2 years after study closure) and administered the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the 10-item Child Depression Inventory (CDI) to caregiver-child dyads who received the intervention. Results We enrolled 65% (N = 157) of the original dyads in the present study. Between Sankofa enrollment baseline and the present study, both children and caregivers had significant (p < 0.0001) mean reductions in CDI scores and BDI scores, respectively. CDI scores of the children were significantly correlated with BDI scores of the caregivers (r = 0.019, p = 0.019). No statistically significant associations between disclosure status and either CDI score or BDI score were found. Conclusions Our findings did not support caregivers’ fears that disclosure leads to depression. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01701635 (date of registration Oct 5, 2012).

Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners among perinatally HIV–infected youth in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242096840
Author(s):  
Vitharon Boon-yasidhi ◽  
Sumonmal Torsakul ◽  
Yuitiang Durier ◽  
Napat Sittanomai ◽  
Jeeranan Kuntasorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fear Of Rejection ◽  
Hiv Status Disclosure

Data regarding disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners among perinatally acquired HIV-infected (PHIV) youth are limited, particularly from Asian countries. This cross-sectional study assessed the patterns of, attitudes about, and factors associated with HIV disclosure to sexual partners among PHIV youth aged 15–24 years who attended a pediatric HIV clinic in Thailand. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to elicit demographic and sexual behavior information. Those who had sexual partners were queried about their relationship and HIV status disclosure. Reasons to disclose or not to disclose were assessed accordingly. Among the 51 (44.4%) youth who had sexual partners, 55.8% had steady partners, 45.1% did not always use condoms, and 41.2% disclosed their HIV status. Reasons to disclose included trust and concern about the risk of infection to their partners. Reasons not to disclose included fear of rejection and stigmatization, and not knowing how to disclose. Most youth reported a need for disclosure-related guidance. Knowing their sexual partner’s HIV status was the only independent factor associated with disclosure (aOR 14.6; 95% CI 2.8–75.4). This study demonstrates a high rate of unsafe sex and a low rate of partner disclosure in PHIV youth, and highlights the need for a comprehensive guideline for HIV disclosure to sexual partners.

scholarly journals Sankofa Pediatric HIV Disclosure Intervention Did Not Worsen Depression Scores in Children Living with HIV and their Caregivers in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Radcliffe ◽  
Aba Sam ◽  
Quinn Matos ◽  
Sampson Antwi ◽  
Kofi Amissah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disclosure Status ◽  
Child Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: The ‘Sankofa’ pediatric HIV disclosure study (2013-2017) was an intervention that aimed to address the low prevalence of disclosure of HIV status in Ghana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the intervention site in Kumasi, Ghana, in 2019, (2 years after study closure) and administered the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the 10-item Child Depression Inventory (CDI) to caregiver-child dyads who received the intervention. Results: We enrolled 65% (N=157) of the original dyads in the present study. Between Sankofa enrollment baseline and the present study, both children and caregivers had significant (p <0.0001) mean reductions in CDI scores and BDI scores, respectively. CDI scores of the children were significantly correlated with BDI scores of the caregivers (r = 0.019, p = 0.019). No statistically significant associations between disclosure status and either CDI score or BDI score were found. Conclusions: Our findings did not support caregivers’ fears that disclosure leads to depression. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01701635 (date of registration Oct 5, 2012)

scholarly journals Prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV positive perinatal women on follow-up at Gondar town health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leul Belachew Zewdu ◽  
Mebratu Mitiku Reta ◽  
Niguse Yigzaw ◽  
Koku Sisay Tamirat
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Perinatal Women ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Background Suicidal behaviors cover a range or continuum of acts from suicidal ideations to a series of actions, commonly known as suicidal attempts or deliberate self-harms. Though different mental disorders related studies were conducted among HIV/AIDS patients, there is a scarcity of information about the magnitude and determinants of suicidal thoughts among perinatal women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV positive perinatal women in the study setting. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among perinatal women on treatment to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS at Gondar town health facilities. A total of 422 HIV-positive perinatal women were selected systematically and the data collected through medical record review and interview using a Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) toolkit. A binary and multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. An Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to see the strength of association between outcome and independent variables. Characteristics having less than 0.05 p-value had been taken as significant factors associated with the outcome of interest. Result The prevalence of suicidal ideation was found to be 8.2% (95% CI; 5.7 to 11.3) and with a standard error of 0.013. Perinatal depression (AOR=4.40, 95%CI: 1.63 11.85), not disclosed HIV status (AOR=3.73, 95%CI: 1.44 9.65), and unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.21 6.21) were significant factors associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusion The magnitude of suicidal ideation among HIV positive perinatal women was found to be low. Perinatal depression, non-disclosed HIV status, and unplanned pregnancy were factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation. This finding suggests the integration of mental health services with maternal and HIV support programs.

Support for cigarette filter waste policies among US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056451
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F Cuccia ◽  
Shanell Folger ◽  
Adam F Benson ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽  
Maria Eneida Porto Fernandes ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence and associated factors regarding the use of medicines by self-medication in Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using data from the PNAUM (National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), collected between September 2013 and February 2014 by interviews at the homes of the respondents. All people who reported using any medicines not prescribed by a doctor or dentist were classified as self-medication practitioners. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to investigate the factors associated with the use of self-medication by medicines. The independent variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and access to and use of health services. In addition, the most commonly consumed medicines by self-medication were individually identified. RESULTS The self-medication prevalence in Brazil was 16.1% (95%CI 15.0–17.5), with it being highest in the Northeast region (23.8%; 95%CI 21.6–26.2). Following the adjusted analysis, self-medication was observed to be associated with females, inhabitants from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions and individuals that have had one, or two or more chronic diseases. Analgesics and muscle relaxants were the therapeutic groups most used for self-medication, with dipyrone being the most consumed medicines. In general, most of the medicines used for self-medication were classified as non-prescriptive (65.5%). CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common practice in Brazil and mainly involves the use of non-prescription medicines; therefore, the users of such should be made aware of the possible risks.

scholarly journals Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e043941
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Dhokotera ◽  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Adrian Spoerri ◽  
Jabulani Ronnie Ncayiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveTo determine the spectrum of cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with and without HIV in South Africa.DesignCross-sectional study with cancer records provided by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and HIV records from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS).Setting and participantsThe NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10–24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8479). HIV status was obtained through record linkages and text mining.Primary and secondary outcomesWe determined the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and calendar period. We imputed (post hoc) the HIV status for AYA with unknown HIV status.Results8479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for 45% (n=3812). Of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi’s sarcoma (adjusted OR (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9 to 530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.89), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.66) and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27 to 5.86) than AYAs without HIV. About 44% (n=1062) of AYAs with HIV-related cancers had not been tested for HIV.ConclusionsTargeted HIV testing for AYAs diagnosed with cancer, followed by immediate start of antiretroviral therapy, screening for cervical precancer and vaccination against human papilloma virus is needed to decrease cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to solvents and lung function decline: A population based study

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh M Alif ◽  
Shyamali Dharmage ◽  
Geza Benke ◽  
Martine Dennekamp ◽  
John Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Aromatic Solvents ◽  
Using Data

RationaleWhile cross-sectional studies have shown associations between certain occupational exposures and lower levels of lung function, there was little evidence from population-based studies with repeated lung function measurements.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the associations between occupational exposures and longitudinal lung function decline in the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study.MethodsLung function decline between ages 45 years and 50 years was assessed using data from 767 participants. Using lifetime work history calendars completed at age 45 years, exposures were assigned according to the ALOHA plus Job Exposure Matrix. Occupational exposures were defined as ever exposed and cumulative exposure -unit- years. We investigated effect modification by sex, smoking and asthma status.ResultsCompared with those without exposure, ever exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (aromatic solvents 15.5 mL/year (95% CI −24.8 to 6.3); metals 11.3 mL/year (95% CI −21.9 to – 0.7)) and FVC (aromatic solvents 14.1 mL/year 95% CI −28.8 to – 0.7; metals 17.5 mL/year (95% CI –34.3 to – 0.8)). Cumulative exposure (unit years) to aromatic solvents was also associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. Women had lower cumulative exposure years to aromatic solvents than men (mean (SD) 9.6 (15.5) vs 16.6 (14.6)), but greater lung function decline than men. We also found association between ever exposures to gases/fumes or mineral dust and greater decline in lung function.ConclusionsExposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with greater lung function decline. The effect of aromatic solvents was strongest in women. Preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce these exposures in the workplace.

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