scholarly journals ROADMAP FOR ETHANOL BLENDING IN INDIA 2020-25: Report of the Expert Committee

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sarwal ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Amit Mehta ◽  
Amit Varadan ◽  
Subodh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Population Modelling ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
The Government ◽  
Blended Fuels ◽  
Roll Out

Achieving energy security and the transitioning to a thriving low carbon economy is critical for a growing nation like India. Blending locally produced ethanol with petrol will help India strengthen its energy security, enable local enterprises and farmers to participate in the energy economy and reduce vehicular emissions. The Government of India notified the National Policy on Biofuels – 2018 (NPB–2018) on 4.06.2018 wherein, under the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Program, an indicative target of 20% blending of ethanol in petrol by 2030 was laid out.This committee owes its origin to a decision of the Cabinet Secretary in the meeting of the Committee of Secretaries held on 28.11.2020, on the subject ‘Manufacturing, Sales, Utilization and blending of ethanol’. Subsequently, the target year for achieving 20% ethanol blending in petrol was advanced to 2025 by CCEA in the meeting held on 21.12.2020. The committee noted that a very strong foundation for the ethanol blending program had been laid out.After soliciting inputs of relevant ministries and associations, analyzing progressive demand-supply projections, challenges in the manufacture of E20 vehicles and infrastructure of Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs), the committee suggests a gradual rollout of E20 ethanol in the country to achieve the target by 2025. In the meantime, the rollout plan suggests pan-India availability of E10 from April, 2022 for use as a protection fuel to meet the demands of existing vehicles till April 2025. In this report, the committee has estimated an ethanol demand of 1016 cr. litres based on expected growth in vehicle population. Modelling exercise on expected penetration of electric vehicles estimates the ethanol demand for petrol blending in the range of 722-921 crore litres in 2025. The committee has, however, framed its recommendations on an optimistic demand for ethanol (1016 cr. litres) to ensure that the objectives of E20 are met by 2025.The current ethanol production capacity in India of 426 crore litres derived from molasses-based distilleries, and 258 cr. litres from grain based distilleries is proposed to be expanded to 760 cr. litres and 740 cr. litres respectively. This would be sufficient to produce 1016 cr. litres of ethanol required for EBP and 334 cr litres for other uses. This will require 60 lakh MT of sugar and 165 lakh MT of grains per annum in ESY 2025 to be used for producing ethanol, which the country can support. The committees’ generous demand estimates, and consequent supply projectionsgive us confidence that our suggested plan for E20 roll-out is robust.To get the ball rolling, MoP&NG should proclaim and lay out the target for 10% ethanol blending of gasoline fuel all over the country by April, 2022. MoP&NG should further initiate phased roll-out of 20% ethanol blending from April, 2023 onwards to enable action by all stakeholders, namely Oil Marketing Companies, vehicle manufacturers, service stations, distilleries, and entrepreneurs as per a detailed roll-out plan suggested (Figure 9.1). This should be supported by a simpler and quicker regulatory regime, preferably single window clearance by the States, MoEF&CC, PESO, DFPD and MoP&NG and the launch of educational campaigns for the consumers. When using E20, there is an estimated loss of 6-7% fuel efficiency for 4 wheelers which are originally designed for E0 and calibrated for E10, 3-4% for 2 wheelers designed for E0 and calibrated for E10 and 1-2% for 4 wheelers designed for E10 and calibrated for E20. SIAM has informed that with modifications in engines (hardware and tuning), the loss in efficiency due to blended fuel can be reduced. To compensate the consumers for a drop in efficiency from ethanol blended fuels, tax incentives on E10 and E20 fuel may be considered. SIAM has assured the committee that once the roadmap for availability of ethanol blended fuel in the country is issued by MoP&NG, they would gear up to supply compatible vehicles in line with the roadmap. E20 material compliant and E10 engine tuned vehicles may be rolled out all across the country from April 2023. These vehicles can tolerate 10% to 20% of ethanol blended gasoline and also give optimal performance with E10 fuel. Vehicles with E20 tuned engines can be rolled out all across the country from April 2025. These vehicles would run on E20 only and will provide high performance.In recommendations (Chapter-9), the report lays out specific responsibilities of union ministries, state governments and vehicle manufacturers, which is summarised in Figure 9.1 as the suggested E20 rollout plan for 2025. To accelerate the adoption and transition to ethanol blended fuels, price incentives through tax relief at the retail level on ethanol blended fuel and tax incentives for vehicles compatible with E20 are suggested. The government may also encourage use of lower water consuming foodgrain crops like maize, and 2G feedstock for production of ethanol.

Dampak Insentif Pajak Perumahan Terhadap Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Negara Dan Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat : Kasus Provinsi Papua

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Towaf Totok Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
High Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Until now the government and private sector have not been able to address the backlog of 13.5 million housing units for ownership status and 7.6 million units for residential status. The high price of land has led to the high price of the house so that low-income communities (MBR) is not able to reach out to make a home purchase. In addition to the high price of land, tax factors also contribute to the high price of the house. The government plans to issue a policy for the provision of tax incentives, ie abolish VAT on home-forming material transaction. This policy is expected to house prices become cheaper, so the demand for housing increases, and encourage the relevant sectors to intensify its role in the construction of houses. It is expected to replace the lost tax potential and increase incomes. Analysis of the impact of tax incentives housing to potential state revenue and an increase in people's income, especially in Papua province is using the table IO because in addition to looking at the role each sector can also see the impact on taxes (income tax 21 Pph 25 Pph, VAT), and incomes (wage). Although in the short-term impact is still small, but very rewarding in the long run. Keywords: Backlog, Gross Input, Primary Input, Intermediate Input

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Menz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comparative Political Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Roll Out

This chapter summarizes some of the book’s main arguments and provides avenues for future research. We point to the ideational turn as well as to culturally based enquiries into Comparative Political Economy as offering particular promise. Finally, this chapter additionally points to two major sources of societal and economic transformation, discussing in passing other major economic changes, such as increasing automation, advances in artificial intelligence, and the roll-out of robots across a variety of economic sectors. These two potentially explosive sources of change include energy security, a field in which the race for autarchy is juxtaposed with limits to the practical applicability of renewable energy sources. Environmental factors and environmental degradation similarly impose dramatic constraints to further economic development and might induce a dramatic reconfiguration.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Environmental Regulation on the Green Total Factor Productivity of Logistics Industry from the Perspective of Low Carbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Liang ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Xinchun Li ◽  
Quan Guo ◽  
Yue Yun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Forward Logistics ◽  
The Government

Under the low-carbon background, with the aid of the Malmquist–Luenberger SBM (Slack-based Measure) model of unexpected output, the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the logistics industry in Jiangsu Province, China, was measured and decomposed in this study based on the reality and experience of logistics industry development in 13 cities in three regions of Jiangsu Province in the years 2006–2018 by taking resource consumption into the input system and discharged pollutants into the output system. It is concluded that the environmental regulation (ER) has a significant positive effect on the growth of the GTFP of the logistics industry, and technological progress has become an important endogenous force that promotes the GTFP of the logistics industry in Jiangsu Province. On this basis, a dynamic GMM (Generalized method of moment) model and a Tobit model were constructed to further study the possible temporal and spatial effects of ER on the GTFP of the logistics industry. The research results reveal that the ER can exert both promoting and inhibitory effects on the GTFP of the logistics industry, and there is a temporal turning point for the effects. Besides, the effects notably differ spatially and temporally. Finally, some policies and advice for the green sustainable development of the logistics industry were proposed. For example, the government and enterprises should pay attention to the green and efficient development of the logistics industry and dynamically adjust the ER methods. They should consider the greening of both forward logistics links and reverse logistics system in the supply chain.

Study on Low-Carbonization of Commerce in Qinhuangdao City

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4369-4372
Author(s):  
Li Ta ◽  
Lian Long Wang ◽  
Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Consumption ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
The Government ◽  
Commercial Network ◽  
Commercial Field

Carbon emissions from energy consumption of commerce in Qinhuangdao are calculated from year 2001 to 2010, which show a growing tendency from total amounts and intensity. The limited factors of low-carbonization of commerce in Qinhuangdao are analyzed and the corresponding advices of low-carbonization of commerce are raised. Commercial enterprise enterprise should actively take internal governance, control the carbon emission of commercial buildings and properly select suppliers. The government should play a leading role and provide a good external environment for low carbon commercial development, which includes reasonably planning business industrial and commercial network layout, guide the use and development of the low-carbon techniques in commercial field, establishing special funds of low carbon business development to support the medium and small business enterprises, and strengthening the guide of low-carbon consumption.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Kaitong Xu ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

scholarly journals Embodied Carbon as a Material Selection Criterion: Insights from Sri Lankan Construction Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Amalka Nawarathna ◽  
Muditha Siriwardana ◽  
Zaid Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The Government

The choice of materials is crucial in responding to the increasing embodied carbon (EC) impacts of buildings. Building professionals involved in material selection for construction projects have a vital role to play in this regard. This paper aimed to explore the extent to which building professionals in Sri Lanka considered EC as a material selection criterion. A questionnaire survey was conducted among a sample of building professionals in Sri Lanka. The results indicated that the consideration of EC as a material selection criterion remained low among key professionals, such as architects, engineers, and sustainability managers, despite their reasonable influencing powers and knowledge of EC. Those respondents who had considered EC as a selection criterion said they had been primarily driven by green building rating systems and previous experience. Those respondents who had not considered EC during material selection commonly reported that they had been prevented from doing so by the lack of regulations and the lack of alternative low carbon materials. Respondents believed that the involvement of actors, such as the government, professional bodies, environmental organizations, activist groups, and the public, may be significant in promoting the greater consideration of EC during material selection.

The RUMA Alliance targets: an overview

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Chris Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Roll Out

The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) was established to promote the highest standards of food safety, animal health and animal welfare in the British livestock industry. It has a current focus to deliver on the Government objective of identifying sector-specific targets for the reduction, refinement or replacement of antibiotics in animal agriculture. The creation and roll out of sector specific targets in 2017 through the RUMA Targets Task Force, has helped focus activity across the UK livestock sectors to achieve a 50% reduction in antibiotic use since 2014. This has been realised principally through voluntary multi-sector collaboration, cross sector initiatives, codes of practice, industry body support and farm assurance schemes. This article provides an overview of RUMA's work to date providing insight into the methods used to create the targets, why they are so important, the impact they are having and how ongoing support and robust data are vital components in achieving the latest set of targets.

scholarly journals The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Guo ◽  
Sidong Xie ◽  
Chulin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

Stock Market Reaction on Green-Bond Issue: Evidence from Indian Green-Bond Issuers

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110225
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Verma ◽  
Rohit Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bond Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: A green bond is a financial instrument issued by governments, financial institutions and corporations to fund green projects, such as those involving renewable energy, green buildings, low carbon transport, etc. This study analyses the effect of green-bond issue announcement on the issuer’s stock price movement. It shows the reaction of the stock price after the issue of green bonds. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data. Green-bond issue dates have been collected from newspaper articles from different online sources, such as Business Standard, The Economic Times, Moneycontrol, etc. The closing prices of stocks have been taken from the NSE (National Stock Exchange of India Limited) website. An event window of 21 days has been fixed for the study, including the 10 days before and after the issue date. Data analysis is carried out through the event study method using the R software. Calculation of abnormal returns is done using three models: mean-adjusted returns model, market-adjusted returns model and risk-adjusted returns model. Findings: The results show that the issue of green bonds has a significant positive effect on the stock price. Returns increase after the green-bond issue announcement. Although the announcement day shows a negative return for all the samples taken for the study, the 10-day cumulative abnormal return (CAR) is positive. Thus, green-bond issues lead to positive sentiments among investors. Research implications: This research article will help the government issue more green bonds so that the proceeds can be utilized for green projects. The government should motivate corporations and financial institutions to issue more green bonds to help the economy grow. In India, very few organizations have issued a green bond. It will be beneficial if these players issue green bonds, as it will increase the firms’ value and boost returns to the investors. Originality/value: The effect of green-bond issue on stock returns has been analysed in some studies in developed countries. This is the first study to examine the impact of green-bond issue on stock returns in the Indian context, to the best of our knowledge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document