scholarly journals Proses dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
sophia elvira
Keyword(s):  
New Teachers ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Educational Supervision ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Implementation Stage

Supervision is a process, namely a series of activities that are regular and regular and related to one another and directed at one goal. The process of Educational Supervision is planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. At the implementation stage there are several activities, namely: collecting data, assessing, detecting weaknesses, correcting weaknesses, guiding and developing. The techniques used in educational supervision are individual techniques in the form of class visits, class observations, personal conversations, visiting between teachers, and self-assessing. Whereas group techniques in the form of orientation meetings for new teachers, teacher meetings, intergroup studies of teachers, seminars, panel discussions, supervision bulletins, teaching demonstrations, office libraries, and school trips for staff members (Field Trip). The approach used in the supervision of education is in the form of a direct approach and an indirect approach.

12. Proses dan Teknik Supervisi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditri Wily Mandayanti ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
New Teachers ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Planning Implementation

The writing of this article discusses the process and techniques of supervision, the important consideration of supervision must be lived by every supervisor who discusses the performance of the teacher, controlling the work of the teacher and improving the work of the teacher. To achieve success in carrying out their duties as a supervisor must complete the process and supervision techniques properly. There are four supervision processes, namely planning, implementation, evaluation and follow-up. Judging from the number of people, supervision techniques are divided into two namely individual techniques (individual techniques) and group techniques (group techniques). Which includes supervision techniques that are included in the group of individual engineering groups namely class visits, class observations, personal conversations, interrelated classes and self-assessment. As for supervision techniques that are classified as technical groups namely meetings discussing new teachers, teacher meetings, studies between groups of teachers, discussions, seminars, panel discussions, supervision of bulletins, teaching, libraries, and explaining schools for staff members (Field trips). The method of evaluating this article uses literature study or literature study.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VI C SDN 004 TEMBILAHAN KOTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Retno Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Average Student ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Implementation Stage

The background of this study is the low grade science students learning outcomes VI C SDN 004 Tembilahan Kota, Of the 23 students, only 9 students (39.13%) were completed. Based on this the researchers conducted the study by applying image media to improve learning outcomes IPA. This research is a class act who performed a total of two cycles consisting of two meetings, the study was conducted with four phases, namely planning, implementation stage, the stage of observation and reflection stages. The study states that science learning outcomes of students has increased in each cycle, this is evidenced by the increasing average student learning outcomes, the preliminary data the average student learning outcomes at 66.00 has increased in the first cycle of up to 83.30, and increased up to 91.74. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of drawing media can improve learning outcomes VI grade science students SDN 004 Tembilahan Kota.

scholarly journals Tugas 12 Winny Fajarny Suhada Ramzah (Proses dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winny Fajarny Suhada Ramzah
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Educational Supervision ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Indirect Supervision

This article discusses the educational supervision process (planning, implementation, evaluation and follow-up) and educational supervision techniques (individual and group, direct and indirect). Supervision is a service from superiors to subordinates by giving direction to develop better performance. Supervision activities are also referred to as supervision or supervision activities. Supervision in the context of development in school institutions is good. Because with the supervision (supervision), it is expected that educational institutions will further develop. Learning the goals, principles, functions and objects in the supervision of education becomes important and mandatory. Because without knowing the basics above, educational supervision cannot be applied.

scholarly journals Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa Di Desa Umbulsari, Kabupaten Jember

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Devi Ardiani ◽  
Dedy Wijaya Kusuma ◽  
Nanda Widaninggar
Keyword(s):  
Fund Management ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Accountability System ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
The Village ◽  
Implementation Stage ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

This research was conducted to describe and study the Village Fund Management Accountability System from the planning, implementation and accountability stages. This research uses a qualitative exploratory method through a case study approach. This study uses interviews which are carried out in depth to each informant. The results of this study indicate that the implementation stage of the Village Fund in Umbulsari Village has implemented the principles of participation and transparency. For the implementation stage of village funds, the principles of participation, transparency and accountability have been implemented. Meanwhile, at the accountability stage, village funds have implemented the principle of accountability.

Mapping fish community biodiversity for European marine policy requirements

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2223-2238
Author(s):  
Henrike Rambo ◽  
Vanessa Stelzenmüller ◽  
Simon P. R. Greenstreet ◽  
Christian Möllmann
Keyword(s):  
Species Distributions ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Biodiversity Indicators ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Distribution Maps

Abstract Predictive maps of biodiversity patterns are pivotal to marine conservation and marine spatial planning alike, yet mapping of biodiversity indicators at the community-level is neither straightforward nor well-tested empirically. Two principle approaches exist. A direct approach involves calculation of indices for each sample, followed by interpolation to estimate values at unsampled locations. An indirect approach first interpolates individual species distributions and then determines indices based on the stacked distribution maps. We compared the appropriateness of both approaches to provide management-relevant information by mapping the distribution of demersal fish biodiversity in the German North Sea Exclusive Economic Zone using species richness, Hill’s N1 and a novel traits-based community sensitivity to fishing index (CSI). To substitute zero-inflated species with up to 95% zeros in the sample data, we applied each species’ mean abundance value as a flat surface. Spatial patterns between indicators varied, but certain hot- and cold-spots were revealed, which, under current legislation, might suggest that the present level of biodiversity protection is insufficient. Despite both approaches generating similar main patterns, the direct approach predicted a narrower range of index values and only depicted the most dominant patterns. Contrary to that the indirect approach better reproduced the variability in the data, along with additional information on species distributions and a theoretical advantage pertaining to sampling issues. Although the choice over the mapping approach is context dependent, for our study area featuring a community with relatively few species, we consider the indirect approach to provide the more reliable information for implementing marine environmental legislation.

Logarithmic and exponential functions —a direct approach

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-443
Author(s):  
C. L. Seebeck ◽  
P. M. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Indirect Approach

A direct approach to logarithms rather than the indirect approach as an inverse of an exponential function has many advantages for teaching secondary school students.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN TENTANG PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA SANGATTA UTARA KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR

DEDIKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Salasiah Dan Hasbiah
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
North East ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
The Village ◽  
Very High ◽  
Implementation Stage

This research is based on community participation in participation indeveloping their village, both in mind participation, participation ofpersonnel, participation of expertise, participation of goods and moneyparticipation.The purpose of this study is to find out how the communityparticipation in the implementation of regional development in the village ofNorth Sangatta Kecamatan Sangatta North East Kutai Regency. Type ofresearch or explanation used is descriptive qualitative used to describeresearch variables. Types of data used, observation interviews, anddocumentation.With the implementation of research in North Sangatta village,Kecamatan Sangatta Utara, East Kutai Regency is expected to give an ideahow community participation in the implementation of regional developmentso that the concept of participatory development that has been applied can bemeasured and can be used as a reference in subsequent research related to thesubstance of the discussion.From the results of the research that has been carried out, it can beillustrated that the application of participatory development in the village ofNorth Sangatta if referring to the musrenbang results that have been recordedin BAPPEDA of East Kutai Regency, the result obtained is that although in theplanning phase the community still participates, but at the stage ofimplementation of community participation which is expected to exist, was notfound at all, because at the stage of project implementation carried out by thewinning contractor. However, if we refer to the development projectimplemented by the empowerment program running in the village of SangataUtara, mainly funded from the village allocation fund, the research found that the enthusiasm of the community to participate in every stage of developmentcarried out from the planning, implementation, until the project evaluationphase is very high. This can be concluded in the implementation stage thereare still many things that must be addressed

scholarly journals Comparison of spatial association approaches for landscape mapping of soil organic carbon stocks

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 757-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Miller ◽  
S. Koszinski ◽  
M. Wehrhan ◽  
M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Estimated Error ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. The distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) can be variable at small analysis scales, but consideration of its role in regional and global issues demands the mapping of large extents. There are many different strategies for mapping SOC, among which are to model the variables needed to calculate the SOC stock indirectly or to model the SOC stock directly. The purpose of this research is to compare direct and indirect approaches to mapping SOC stocks from rule-based, multiple linear regression models applied at the landscape scale via spatial association. The final products for both strategies are high-resolution maps of SOC stocks (kg m−2), covering an area of 122 km2, with accompanying maps of estimated error. For the direct modelling approach, the estimated error map was based on the internal error estimations from the model rules. For the indirect approach, the estimated error map was produced by spatially combining the error estimates of component models via standard error propagation equations. We compared these two strategies for mapping SOC stocks on the basis of the qualities of the resulting maps as well as the magnitude and distribution of the estimated error. The direct approach produced a map with less spatial variation than the map produced by the indirect approach. The increased spatial variation represented by the indirect approach improved R2 values for the topsoil and subsoil stocks. Although the indirect approach had a lower mean estimated error for the topsoil stock, the mean estimated error for the total SOC stock (topsoil + subsoil) was lower for the direct approach. For these reasons, we recommend the direct approach to modelling SOC stocks be considered a more conservative estimate of the SOC stocks' spatial distribution.

scholarly journals Proses dan Teknik Supervisi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara Nurul Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
Educational Supervision ◽  
Planning Implementation

Supervision is a process, namely a series of activities that are regular and regular and related to one another and directed towards a goal. Broadly speaking, the activities in the supervision process can be divided into planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up. The education supervision process consists of planning, implementing, evaluating and following up. Educational supervision techniques are tools that are used by supervisors to achieve the objectives of supervision which at the end can make improvements in teaching that are appropriate to the situation and conditions. In the implementation of education supervision, as a supervisor must know and understand and carry out techniques in supervision.

DETERMINATION OF A LAW APPLICABLE TO THE SUBSTANCE OF A DISPUTE BY THE ARBITRATION TRIBUNAL IN THE PROCESS OF RESOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DISPUTES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Nahnybida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Approach ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Substantive Law

The article examines the main approaches to the determination by the arbitral tribunal, in the absence of a choice of parties, of a substantive law applicable to the merits of a dispute, when resolving disputes in international commercial arbitration. It is noted that the three fundamental approaches to the establishment by the arbitral tribunal of the law applicable to the merits of the dispute include: 1) the application by the arbitrators of the principle of the closest connection; 2) recourse to conflict-of-laws rules that the arbitral tribunal considers applicable (indirect approach, voie indirecte) 3) granting arbitrators the right to directly establish and apply substantive law without resorting to any conflict-of-laws or rules (the so-called voie directe or direct approach). It is summarized that all of the above approaches are aimed at ensuring the compliance of the applicable substantive law established by the arbitral tribunal with the substance of the dispute and the subject of the contract, especially the first two related to conflict of laws – both with a specific reference to law, which has the closest connections with legal relations, and with the ability of the arbitrators to refer to other conflict-of-laws rules that it deems applicable. The difference concerning the third of the approaches, voie directe or direct choice of the applicable law, lies in the greater degree of freedom of the arbitrators in this matter, since the obligation of the arbitral tribunal to refer to the conflict of laws rules of a certain national system of private international law or transnational conflict of laws is generally eliminated. The author claims that the arbitral tribunal, depending on the approach adopted in the country of place of arbitration, whose mandatory provisions determine the procedure for the arbitrators to establish the applicable substantive law in the absence of a choice of parties, and the rules enshrined in the arbitration rules of the relevant institution, can either independently establish such a right (direct approach) or turn first to the definition of applicable conflict of laws rules, according to which the choice of substantive law will be made (indirect approach). Such conflict-of-laws links, as a rule, include: the principle of the closest connection, the country of the place of performance of the contract, the country of location of the party that must carry out significant performance, etc.

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