scholarly journals Religiously Diverse Countries and States Have Less Inter-Religious Prejudice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhao zheng
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
Theories Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

Globalization has led to an unprecedented level of religious mixing and religious diversity. These trends have led scholars to wonder whether religious diversity creates religious conflict or breeds tolerance towards different religions, but few studies have been able to draw clear conclusions. We conducted two studies to explore the relationship between religious diversity and religious prejudice. The first study collected data from 8,827 participants from 10 major religions in 37 countries around the world. We found a strong negative correlation between religious diversity and religious prejudice (r = -.55) which was independent of several demographic and attitudinal covariates. The second study collected data from across the United States. We replicated the relationship between religious diversity and religious prejudice (r = -.54) controlling for several group-level factors like conservatism, residential mobility, and threat. Our results suggest that contact between religious groups may be related to religious tolerance, and contrasts with “marketplace” theories of religion which suggest that religious diversity should breed competition and conflict.

The Sino–Russian Strategic Partnership

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Bolt ◽  
Sharyl N. Cross
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Major Power ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Relationship

The Conclusion reviews the volume’s major themes. Russia and China have common interests that cement their partnership, and are key players in shaping the international order. Both seek better relations with the West, but on the basis of “mutual respect” and “equality.” While the relationship has grown deeper, particularly since 2014, China and Russia are partners but not allies. Thus, their relationship is marked by burgeoning cooperation, but still areas of potential competition and friction. Russia in particular must deal with China’s growing relative power at the same time that it is isolated from the West. While the Russian–Chinese relationship creates challenges for the United States and Europe and a return of major power rivalry, there is also room for cooperation in the strategic triangle comprising China, Russia, and the West. Looking ahead, the world is in a period of dramatic transition.

scholarly journals Tradisi Doa Berantai dan Inklusi Sosial Keagamaan di Desa Kepung Kabupaten Kediri

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Asyhabuddin Asyhabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Unique Method

This paper seeks to examine the tradition of chain prayer and religious social inclusion in Kepung Village, Kediri Regency. The idea of this paper came from the growing religious conflict. The inhabitants of Kepung village in Kediri, East Java district, have a unique method to build harmonious relations between religions amid the potential conflicts of religious diversity they have. The data were obtained by interviewing people in Kepung Village, Kediri Regency. That method is a tradition of chain prayer which is carried out as a series of village cleaning traditions every month of Sura in the Javanese calendar. This tradition fosters social religious inclusion because this tradition builds inclusive religious attitudes, inclusive religious policies, and guarantees access and active participation of religious social groups. In addition, this tradition also narrows ethnic distance because it can provide the expectations of minority religious groups, thus generating trust between religious groups.   Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mengkaji tentang tradisi doa berantai dan inklusi sosial keagamaan di Desa Kepung Kabupaten Kediri. Ide tulisan ini berasal dari semakin berkembangnya konflik keagamaan, warga desa Kepung di kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur memiliki cara unik untuk membangun keharmonisan hubungan antar agama di tengah potensi konflik keragaman agama yang mereka miliki. Data-data diperoleh dengan wawancara kepada orang-orang di Desa Kepung Kabupaten Kediri. Cara itu adalah tradisi doa berantai yang dilakukan sebagai rangkaian dari tradisi bersih desa setiap bulan Sura dalam penanggalan Jawa. Tradisi ini memupuk inklusi sosial keagamaan karena tradisi ini membangun sikap keagamaan inklusif, kebijakan keagamaan inklusif dan menjamin akses dan partisipasi aktif kelompok minoritas keagamaan. Selain itu, tradisi ini juga mempersempit ethnic distance karena mampu memberikan ekspektasi kelompok keagamaan minoritas, sehingga memunculkan rasa percaya (trust) antar kelompok keagamaan yang ada.

scholarly journals The Puritans in Early American Society and the Premises of Religious Fundamentalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Birane Sene
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Early American ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society ◽  
Relationship Of

Puritanism is historically a form of Protestantism, resulting from the movement of John Calvin affirmed in England, from the 1560s in reaction against official Anglicanism considered too close to idolatry. Puritans will leave England where they were persecuted and settle in the East of the United States later known as New England. This puritan community will serve as a model of a Protestant state based on religious principles. The rigor of the Calvinist doctrine determined social relations and guided the destiny of handpicked people for their moral rectitude. The principles that governed this Puritan society were already laying the foundations for a theocracy whose imprints are still visible in today’s American society. The puritans were pretending to be the light that should shine above the world and enlighten it with its values, and on this basis, they excluded any relationship of equality with others. Despite this theocratic ideal, the Protestant identity will gradually fade in favor of a secular state with a religious diversity and pluralism.

scholarly journals From America to the World: Protestant Christianity's Creation of Religious Liberty

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Peter A. Lillback
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: Half the population of the world to this day still has not experienced religious freedom. Religious persecution often still occurs at many places in the world. Research studies show that there is a direct correlation between religious freedom and economic prosperity. "Prosperity is the result of freedom, therefore the best way to improve the economic prosperity of a nation is to ensure freedom for its citizens." This article will first elaborate models of the relationship between church and state, and then explain the basic principle of the Bible regarding religious freedom. It further explains why incarceration of religious freedom or of conscience by the state is wrong, despite the reasons of protecting its citizens from false religion or from a cult. This paper will also explore religious persecution from the time of early church until the birth of Protestantism, and then speaks about the struggle and the protection of religious freedom. Furthermore this article goes into what underlies the constitutional protection of religious freedom in America, and then browse through the struggle and the protection of religious freedom as a struggle of the world. KEY WORDS: religious freedom, religious conflict, heresy, early church, Protestantism, religious freedom in the United States of America.

The Mediating Effects of Social Self-Concept on Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Parenting Intentions

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110544
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Miles ◽  
Stefanie E. Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
The West ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parenting Intentions

College students’ parenting intentions have received increased attention by scholars around the world in recent years, but little is known about potential demographic differences affecting the decision, such as gender and sexual orientation. The study proposed and empirically examined a model of the relationships between gender, sexual orientation, social self-concept, and parenting intentions in a large sample of university students on the west coast of the United States. The study found that social self-concept mediated the relationship between gender and parenting intentions for heterosexual students, but not for non-heterosexual students.

Epilogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Jenna Supp-Montgomerie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Free Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The telegraph wove its way across the ocean at a time when religion’s role in public life was commonplace. Since then, networks have become more vital to everyday life in easily perceptible ways while religion is considered a less overt part of so-called secular public culture in the United States. The epilogue proposes that the relationship of telegraphic networks to the networks that shape our world today is not causal or continuous but one of resonance in which some elements are amplified and some are damped. The protestant dreams for the telegraph in the nineteenth century—particularly the promise of global unity, the celebration of unprecedented speed and ubiquity, and the fantasy of friction-free communication—reverberate in dreams for the internet and social media today. In cries that the internet makes us all neighbors reverberates the electric pulse of the celebrations of the 1858 cable’s capacity to unite the world in Christian community. And yet, it is not a straight shot from then to now. Some elements have faded, particularly overt religious motifs in imaginaries of technology. The original power of public protestantism in the first network imaginaries continues to resonate today in the primacy of connection.

A Polluting Creed: Religion and Environmental Inequality in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Environmental Inequality ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
Conservative Protestant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mainline Protestant

Research on religion and the environment primarily focuses how religion shapes environmental attitudes, but this leaves aside how this connection links to observable levels of pollution. This article outlines three elements by which religion and environmental inequality are related: the cumulative effect of religious worldviews, free market outlooks held by some religious adherents, and the bridging or bonding character of social ties of religious adherents. These three elements are analyzed by examining the relationship between industrial air pollution and the proportion of population in metropolitan areas that are conservative Protestant, Mainline Protestant, Catholic, and a composite measure. Results show that the composite measure is associated with more industrial pollution. But important distinctions between religious groups show that a greater proportion of conservative Protestant Evangelical adherents are associated with greater pollution, but that Catholic and Mainline Protestant adherents are not. These findings suggest the importance of renewing research between religion and environmental degradation.

Studies on the Origin, Evolution, and Distribution of the Gramineae. V. The Subfamily Festucoideae

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The World ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Very High

Maps are presented showing the world distributions of the subfamily Festucoideae and the tribe Festuceae, based on data on relative specific frequency derived from about 500 widely-distributed floras and floristic lists. The maps show many points of similarity and, especially in N. America, there is a very high correlation between the numbers of species of the subfamily and tribe in regional floras. Both the Festucoideae and the Festuceae attain their highest relative specific frequency in high latitudes or at high altitudes. There is a strong negative correlation between high specific frequency and midsummer temperature in the flora of the United States, and evidence of a similar, though less marked, relationship in other regions. The effect of rainfall is not apparent in the distribution maps. Regions of high relative specific frequency of the tribes Agrostideae, Aveneae, Stipeae, and Triticeae are mapped, and discussed in relation to climate. In their geographical relationships, the tribes studied fall into two groups, viz. (1) Agrostideae, Aveneae, and Festuceae; (2) Stipeae and Triticeae. The significance of the distribution patterns is discussed in relation to the evolutionary development of the subfamily Festucoideae and its constituent tribes. The phytogeographical evidence supports the view that each tribe is monophyletic, with the exception of the Aveneae (sensu str.), which is well developed in regions of diverse climate. A strongly developed enclave of high relative specific frequency of Festuceae in part of south-eastern Europe, which shows no obvious relationship to climate, is interpreted as evidence for the occurrence of a cycle of secondary evolution of the tribe in this region.

Pluralism in Religion and American Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Eck ◽  
Brendan Randall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
American Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
The Common

The United States is among the most religiously diverse countries in the world. Although such diversity is not a new phenomenon, its degree and visibility have increased dramatically in the past fifty years, reigniting the debate over a fundamental civic question: What is the common identity that binds us together? How we respond to religious diversity in the context of education has enormous implications for our democratic society. To the extent that previous frameworks such as exclusion or assimilation ever were desirable or effective, they no longer are. Increased religious diversity is an established fact and growing trend. The United States needs a more inclusive and robust civic framework for religious diversity in the twenty-first century—pluralism—and this framework should be an essential component of civic education.

Uncertain Times: The Reconstruction of China–US Relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Weixing CHEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trump Administration

The rise of China has shaken, to some extent, the pillars sustaining the US dominance in the world. Facing structural challenges from China, the United States has responded on three levels: political, strategic and policy. The Donald Trump administration has adopted a hard-line approach while attempting to engage China at the structural level. The China–US relationship is entering uncertain times, and the reconstruction of the relationship could take a decade.

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